Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1970.

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“All citizens of the world can save a life”. With these words, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) is launching the first global initiative – World Restart a Heart (WRAH) – to increase public awareness and therefore the rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for victims of cardiac arrest. In most of the cases, it takes too long for the emergency services to arrive on scene after the victim's collapse. Thus, the most effective way to increase survival and favourable outcome in cardiac arrest by two- to fourfold is early CPR by lay bystanders and by “first responders”. Lay bystander resuscitation rates, however, differ significantly across the world, ranging from 5 to 80%. If all countries could have high lay bystander resuscitation rates, this would help to save hundreds of thousands of lives every year. In order to achieve this goal, all seven ILCOR councils have agreed to participate in WRAH 2018. Besides schoolchildren education in CPR (“KIDS SAVE LIVES”), many other initiatives have already been developed in different parts of the world. ILCOR is keen for the WRAH initiative to be as inclusive as possible, and that it should happen every year on 16 October or as close to that day as possible. Besides recommending CPR training for children and adults, it is hoped that a unified global message will enable our policy makers to take action to address the inequalities in patient survival around the world. / Revisión por pares

IHNÁT RUDINSKÁ, Lucia: Forensic Aspect of Injuries Associated with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové; Hradec Králové: 2017, 97 s. Injuries associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) present the actual issue on the boundary of several medical specialities. The prevalence of CPR associated injuries is very high; the spectrum of these injuries is wide (from clinically irrelevant to injuries incompatible with life). The primary aim of the study was to evaluate frequency and seriousness of CPR associated injuries; the secondary aim was the analysis of factors, which might have participated in the development of CPR associated injuries. In total, 80 persons were enrolled in the study. All included individuals were resuscitated before death and underwent an autopsy at the University Hospital Ostrava within the study period (1. 9. 2012 - 30. 8. 2015). Injuries associated with CPR were revealed in 93.7% of resuscitated persons; injuries were multiple in the vast majority of these persons. Skin injuries, head and neck injuries, rare intra- abdominal injuries and frequent intrathoracic injuries were identified within the study group. Clinically serious injuries associated with CPR were revealed in 41.2% of persons (lung contusions or lacerations,...

O ensino de enfermagem em ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) deve refletir a prática baseada em evidências, as diretrizes da American Heart Assossiation (AHA) e basear-se nos cenários de prática clínica incluindo o reconhecimento da parada cardiorrespiratória, em qualquer ambiente de atenção à saúde. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura e tem como referencial teórico a prática baseada em evidência. Buscou-se identificar e analisar na literatura as evidências oriundas dos estudos primários que abordassem as estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem da RCP em adultos, para os estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL e LILACS, no período de 2000 a 2011. Das 591 referências encontradas, 18 estudos primários fizeram parte desta amostra. Foi realizada a extração e análise dos dados, por dois revisores. Foram encontradas as seguintes evidências nos estudos primários: sete de nível II, dois de nível III, dois nível IV e sete estudos de nível VI. Instrução por pares, aprendizagem assistida por computador, aprendizagem baseada em problemas, simulações de alta e baixa finalidade, autoinstrução por leitura de manuais do BLS, autoinstrução por vídeo e a estratégia tradicional têm sido explorados pelos pesquisadores para ensinar e avaliar o nível de aquisição e da retenção dos conhecimentos e das habilidades dos estudantes de enfermagem em RCP. Os estudos de evidência II apresentam comparações entre a estratégia de simulação com o padrão da AHA, com os menequins de média e alta fidelidade, com os estudantes de diferentes níveis de formação; dois estudos comparam estratégias Instrução por pares com a estratégia de ensino tradicional e outro estudo comparando a autoinstrução com a tradicional e com a web-based. O uso da estratégia de simulação com cenários estruturados e com manequins de alta fidelidade mostrou-se, em relação as demais estratégias, a que melhor apresentou subsído para a retenção do conhecimento e aquisição de habilidades na realização da RCP, de acordo com as recomendações das diretrizes da AHA. Os estudos primários mostraram que a retenção do conhecimento e das habilidades apresenta declínio com o passar do tempo, independente da estratégia utilizada pelo professor, sendo necessárias sessões de repetição para que as habilidades não se deteriorem. / Nursing teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should reflect the evidence-based practice, the guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA), and be based on clinical practice scenarios, including the recognition of cardiopulmonary arrest in any environment of health care. This study is an integrative literature review and has the evidence-based practice as the theoretical referential. It aimed to identify and analyze in the literature the evidences from the primary studies that addressed teaching and learning strategies of CPR in adults for undergraduate nursing students. The search was conducted in the PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL and LILACS databases in the period from 2000 to 2011. Of the 591 found references, 18 primary studies were part of this sample. Data extraction and analysis were performed by two reviewers. The following evidence in the primary studies were found: seven of level II, three of level III, two of level IV, and six studies of level VI. Peer instruction, computer-assisted learning, problem based learning, high and low-fidelity simulations, self education by reading BLS manual, self education by video and traditional strategy have been explored by researchers to teach and evaluate the level of acquisition and retention of knowledge and skills of nursing students in CPR. Studies of evidence II show comparisons among the simulation strategy with the AHA standard, with the medium and high-fidelity mannequins, and with students of different levels of training; two studies comparing peer instruction strategy with traditional teaching strategy, and another study comparing self education with traditional and web-based strategies. The use of simulation strategy with structured scenarios and high-fidelity mannequins was that showed, in relation to other strategies, better subsidy for the retention of knowledge and skill acquisition in CPR, according to the recommendations and guidelines of the AHA. The primary studies showed that the retention of knowledge and skills declined over time, regardless of the strategy used by the professor, requiring repeated sessions so that skills do not deteriorate.

Este estudo, de cunho qualitativo, objetivou verificar as estruturas de atendimento à parada cardiorrespiratória e identificar as crenças pessoais e normativas dos enfermeiros que atuam em unidades diagnósticas, utilizando como referencial teórico a Teoria da Ação Racional (Theory of Reasoned Action - TRA). Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, junto a dezesseis enfermeiros de unidades diagnósticas de três hospitais privados e um público da cidade de São Paulo. Os dados foram submetidos à técnica de análise de conteúdo, que possibilitou evidenciar crenças positivas e negativas agrupadas em duas Unidades Temáticas Centrais, estabelecidas \"a priori\", dentro dos pressupostos da TRA: Crenças de Atitude e Crenças Normativas. A análise das entrevistas evidenciou que entre as Crenças de Atitude, destacaram-se as crenças afetivas negativas em relação à execução do comportamento. Na unidade Crenças Normativas, foram evidenciados os referentes sociais positivos para a execução do comportamento: grupo de parada, equipe de enfermagem, médico do grupo de parada, médico anestesista, bem como os fatores estimuladores do comportamento: conhecimento e preparo dos médicos, treinamentos freqüentes, equipamentos disponíveis, atrelar o \"bip\" dos enfermeiros ao do grupo de parada; como referentes sociais que desestimulam o comportamento: equipe médica e de enfermagem, e, como fatores que desestimulam: planta física, déficit de conhecimento dos médicos e equipe de enfermagem e recursos humanos deficitários. Concluiu-se que é imprescindível que os programas educacionais sejam elaborados a partir de fatores que motivem, possibilitem e reforcem o enfermeiro a adotar determinado comportamento, tornando este profissional capaz de participar dos processos decisórios que envolvem o cuidado do paciente crítico, junto aos seus pares, de forma igualitária, tornando o atendimento seguro e eficaz ao paciente / This study, on a qualitative stamp, aimed at verifying the structures of managing cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) and identifying the personal and normative beliefs of nurses working in diagnosis units, using the Theory of Reasoned Action - (TRA) as a theoretical framework. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews from sixteen diagnosis unit nurses of four hospitals (three private and one public) in Sao Paulo city. The data were submitted to a content analysis technique, attesting negative and positive beliefs which were grouped into two Central Thematical Units established beforehand within the estimated TRA: Attitude and Normative Beliefs. The analysis of the interviews proved that among the Attitude Beliefs, the negative affective beliefs stood out as far as the behavior performance is concerned. In the Normative Belief Units, when analyzed the behavior performances, the following positive social referents were evidenced: (CPA) group, nursing team, (CPA) group physician, anesthesia physician, as well as the behavior\'s stimulating factors: the physicians\' knowledge and skill, frequent training, equipment available, attaching the nurses\' bippers to the (CPA) group; as social referents which discourage the behavior: medical and nursing team, and as discouraging factors: hospital facility area, physicians\' lack of knowledge and deficitary nursing team and human resources. As a conclusion, it is observed that the educational programs must be developed from factors which motivate, allow and reinforce the nurse to take a certain procedure, making this professional capable of participating on the decisive processes that involve the care for critical patients, together with his/her peers in a equalitarian way, making this care safe and effective to the patient

Orientador: Izilda Esmenia Muglia Araujo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T20:04:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bellan_MargareteConsorti_M.pdf: 1469477 bytes, checksum: 6b246d40e4df19b1a0571c088ab4f183 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A equipe de enfermagem freqüentemente é quem testemunha a parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR). Portanto, deve possuir conhecimentos suficientes para realizar os primeiros atendimentos. O sucesso da reanimação cardiorrespiratória (RCR) depende do tempo entre a ocorrência e o início do tratamento, da harmonia e sincronismo da equipe e da capacitação dos profissionais. Foram objetivos do estudo: elaborar um programa de capacitação para enfermeiros na RCR, capacitar o enfermeiro para o atendimento da PCR, avaliar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros antes e após sua participação no programa e comparar a atuação dos enfermeiros submetidos ao programa com os do grupo controle. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um hospital universitário e contemplou três etapas: etapa-I, capacitação teóricoprática; etapa-II, avaliação recente do conhecimento teórico-prático; e etapa-III, avaliação tardia. A amostra foi composta por 21 enfermeiros no grupo-A (controle ¿ não participou do programa de capacitação) e 38 no grupo-B (experimental ¿ participou do programa). Os instrumentos teórico e prático foram submetidos à validação de conteúdo e pré-teste. Na avaliação dos juízes não houve discordância significativa quanto à organização (p=0,368), objetividade (p=1,000), exceto quanto à clareza (p=0,042) para o instrumento-I (teórico). Em relação ao instrumento-II (prático), não houve discordância em nenhum dos itens (p=0,05). Na análise de desempenho dos enfermeiros verificou-se que a média das notas da avaliação teórica no grupo-A variou de forma progressiva nas três etapas: 6,45, 6,66 e 7,10; e no grupo-B de forma oscilante: 6,48, 8,36 e 8,0, respectivamente, com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos nas etapas II e III (p<0,001). Em relação às atividades práticas do suporte básico de vida (SBV) e suporte avançado (SAV), no grupo-A as médias de notas foram 3,90 e 3,49 na etapa-II e 4,32 e 3,72 na etapa-III, respectivamente, enquanto no grupo-B obtiveram as médias de notas 6,92 e 5,66 na etapa-II e 7,08 e 4,99 na etapa-III, espectivamente. As diferenças entre os grupos nas duas etapas das duas atividades foram significativas (p<0,001). Conclui-se que os conteúdos abordados e os instrumentos utilizados subsidiaram de forma favorável a execução e avaliação do programa de capacitação elaborado e implementado para os enfermeiros no atendimento da PCR. Observou-se melhora no desempenho tanto nas atividades teóricas quanto nas práticas. O grupo-B foi superior em ambos os desempenhos em relação ao grupo-A. No entanto, o desempenho na atividade teórica do grupo-B após uma semana foi superior ao de três meses; já na atividade prática do SBV, o desempenho na etapa-III foi superior à etapa-II, enquanto no SAV o desempenho da etapa-III foi inferior ao da etapa-II. O comportamento do desempenho dos sujeitos do grupo-A diferiu tanto nas atividades teórica como na prática em relação ao grupo-B. Na avaliação teórica observou-se uma melhora progressiva nas três etapas, assim como nas duas etapas das atividades práticas de SBV e SAV. Diante destes resultados, acreditase que o programa de capacitação elaborado poderá ser amplamente utilizado na instituição estudada e também adaptado para utilização em outras / Abstract: Nursing team members are frequently cardiac arrest witness, and therefore must acquire knowledge to perform basic (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) depends on the treatment starting time, team¿s harmony/synchrony and involved professionals¿ capability. The study¿s main objectives were: to elaborate a nursing capacitation program in CPR; to train nurses in performing CPR; to evaluate nurses¿ CPR-knowledge before and after their participation in the program; and to analyse, comparatively, the CPR-performance of nurses that took part or not in the program. The study was developed in an university-hospital and faced three stages: stage-I, theorical-practical capacitation; stage-II, recent evaluation of theorical-practical knowledge; and stage-III, delayed evaluation of theorical-practical knowledge. The time interval between stages I and II was one week and between II and III, three months. Nurses were divided into two groups [A ¿ control (n=21), did not participate; and B ¿ experimental (n=38), did participate on the capacitation program]. Theorical and practical instruments were submitted to content validation and to a pre-test. There were no disagreements amongst judges concerning organization (p=0,368) and objectivity (p=1,000), except for clearness (p=0,042) of the instrument-I (theorical). In relation to instrument-II (practical), there were no disagreement in any items (p=0,05). On the analysis of nurses¿ performance, it was verified that group-A average punctuation in theorical evaluation varied in a progressive way on the three stages (6.45, 6.66 and 7.10, respectively), and in group-B in a non-steady way (6.48, 8.36 and 8.0, respectively) [group-B better than group-A on stages II and III (p<0,001; Tukey-test)]. In relation to practical activities on BLS and ACLS in group-A, the average punctuations were 3.90 and 3.49 on stage-II, and 4.32 and 3.72 on stage-III, respectively, while group-B has got average punctuations of 6.92 and 5.66 on stage-II, and 7.08 and 4.99 on stage-III, respectively [group-B better than group-A on the two stages of two activities (p<0,001; Tukey-test)]. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the approached contents and the used instruments helped in a most favorable way the execution and evaluation of the capacitation program elaborated and implemented to improve nurses¿ CPR-performance. It was observed an improvement not only on theorical activities but also in practical ones. Group-B has shown superior performances than group-A. However, it could be verified that theorical activity performance of group-B, within a week (stage-II), was superior in relation to stage-III (after three months); on the BLS practical activity, subjects¿ performance on stage-III was superior to stage-II, while on the SAV, performance of stage-III was inferior to stage-II. Group-A performance behavior differed not only on theorical activity but also on practical one in relation to group-B. On the theorical evaluation, it was observed a progressive improvement in all three stages, and also on both stages of BLS and ACLS practical activities. Facing these results, it is believed that this elaborated capacitation program can be largely utilized in our own institution and possibly could be adapted and extended to other ones / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem

Orientador: Izilda Esmenia Muglia Araujo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T11:53:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Boaventura_AnaPaula_M.pdf: 414108 bytes, checksum: faae3158a2586452ce01d7978f40b00b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: A situação encontrada na prática dos atendimentos da parada cardiorrespiratória é a de que os registros não são feitos adequadamente, ou são incompletos, relatando apenas o horário da PCR e o óbito, quando deveriam conter maior número de informações, como fármacos utilizados durante o atendimento, os ritmos cardíacos, o número de choques realizados, entre outros. Se forem analisados os prontuários médicos de pacientes hospitalizados que apresentaram parada cardiorrespiratória, possivelmente haverá dificuldades na realização de estudos retrospectivos de ressuscitação cardiorrespiratória, pela impossibilidade de coletar dados que poderiam colaborar no aprimoramento e na avaliação da atuação da equipe, como também, de estudos de sobrevida e prognóstico em ressuscitação cardiorrespiratória diante da escassez de dados que são registrados.O presente estudo teve por objetivo validar e aplicar um instrumento para o registro do atendimento da PCR/RCR no ambiente intra-hospitalar de uma instituição de ensino. A validação de um instrumento é etapa de fundamental importância antes da sua utilização pois verifica a qualidade dos dados. Sua aplicação em uma determinada população também permite perceber como se comporta o instrumento no ambiente em que se pretende implementá-lo, para isso, o instrumento adapatado foi submetido a validação de conteúdo e verificada também sua aplicabilidade. O instrumento foi validado por juízes, quanto ao seu conteúdo. Após, os instrumentos foram utilizados pelos enfermeiros das unidades: PS, UTI, EC/CT, Cardiologia e Moléstias Infecciosas para avaliação da aplicabilidade do instrumento. Na análise dos dados da avaliação dos juízes não houve discordância significativa quanto à clareza (p= 0,353), objetividade (p=0,333) e organização (p=0,107) (Teste de Cochran). Foram coletados 54 registros de atendimento da RCR e após o preenchimento os enfermeiros avaliaram o instrumento quanto a sua utilidade, praticidade e objetividade, obtendo-se mais que 90% de respostas positivas. Na análise dos preenchimentos constatou-se que a média de preenchimento dos dados de identificação do paciente foi de 92,7%; da PCR 72,18%; RCR 81,75%; pós-RCR 89,58%; equipe de atendimento 27,41% e anotações apenas 7,41%. Conclui-se que o instrumento adaptado para o registro dos atendimentos da PCR/RCR, no ambiente intra-hospitalar, foi validado e atende às necessidades da realidade desses atendimentos no hospital estudado. Dessa forma a utilização deste instrumento que apresenta menor complexidade poderia estimular a prática de registros do atendimento da PCR / RCR, orientar novos treinamentos, bem como, direcionar investimentos em recursos físicos e materiais adequados para as unidades destinadas ao cuidado de pacientes críticos e contribuir para a melhoria dos atendimentos / Abstract: Usually, during in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), there is a lack of comprehensive records about the whole procedure, or, more often, they are incomplete, reporting only the times of cardiac arrest (CA) and of death. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present study were to validate and to apply an instrument that was elaborated to record in-hospital CPR maneuvers in a teaching institution. The validation is the fundamental importance before utilization of an instrument, verifies your quality and the application of an instrument in a determined population also is going to perceive as behaves the instrument in environment that him implemented, for that, the instrument was submitted the validation of content and verified also its aplicability. METHODS: The instrument was previously validated by experts judges regarding its subject matter, and thereafter it was applied by registered nurses at the emergency room, adult intensive care unit, clinical and surgical emergency wards, during cardiac arrest events in order to evaluate its pratical applicability. RESULTS: Data analysis has shown that there was no disagreement among judges regarding the instrument¿s intelligibility (p=0,353), objectivity (p=0,333) and organization (p=0,107). (Cochran¿s test). Fifty- four records of in-hospital CPR have been done, and the nurses were argued to evaluate the instrument¿s utility, praticity and objectivity, within more than 90% of positive answers. Informations concerning patient¿s identification (92,7%), CA characterization (72,18%), CPR maneuvers (81,75%), post-CPR procedures (89,58%), team of attendance (27,41%) and general annotations (7,41%), were possible to be retrieved form the applied instrument. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that an adapted instrument for recording in-hospital CPR procedures could be validated and easily applied by nurses in a teaching hospital. The utilization of this instrument would be able to stimulate to practical of records, news training, direct investments and adequate in-hospital CPR maneuvers in the units destined to take care of critical patients and contribute for the improvement during in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / compression of the right atrium and ventricle yet their LV function is within normal range. In the setting of normal LV function, symptomatic PE could potentially be the result of right heart compression causing right heart strain. Emphasis should therefore be placed on analyzing the presence and degree of right heart strain in patients with symptomatic pectus excavatum. When assessing for a correlation between the HI, CI, DI, or CCI together and independently with cardiopulmonary impairment, no significant relationships were identified. While it would be highly advantageous for a PE severity index to correlate with objective physiologic impairment, our data suggest that the currently defined indices fail to do so. Data confirming such a correlation would provide a means to measure both the severity of deformity and changes in functional disability in patients with PE. We aim to analyze the correlation between the HI and three new indices with cardiopulmonary impairment using the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). In this study we evaluated the correlation of the Haller, correction, depression, and cardiac compression indices with functional cardiopulmonary impairment using preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) data. We hypothesize that the correction and cardiac compression indices will be strongly correlated with physiologic impairment in patients with PE, thus providing a novel means to measure functional disability as a function of disease severity. Study Design This is a retrospective study of 71 children between the ages of birth and 18 years of age who underwent evaluation for corrective surgery for pectus excavatum between 2010 and 2016 at Phoenix Children’s Hospital. Our final sample underwent preoperative computed tomography (CT) or MRI scan results as well as cardiopulmonary exercise testing. For each patient, the HI, CI, DI, and CCI were independently assessed using the PACS System by a single rater. Preoperative functional capacity was determined by measurement of peak oxygen consumption (VO2max reported as percent predicted) and stroke volume (a surrogate for cardiac output) which was assessed via the O2 pulse (VO2max/heart rate) reported as percent predicted. The possible values range from zero to 100% of the predicted value. Assessments Halller Index Correction Index Depression Index Cardiac Compression Index Correction, Depression, Cardiac Compression and Haller Indices Fail to Correlate with Cardiopulmonary Impairment in Pectus Excavatum Abstract Results Background: Pectus excavatum (PE) affects 1 in every 300 to 1,000 live births with a male to female ratio of 5:1, making it the most common congenital chest wall deformity in children. The standard for determining disease severity has become the Haller Index, which has been shown to poorly correlate with physiologic impairment. Recently, more novel indices have been introduced in an effort to more effectively represent disease burden. We aim to analyze the correlation between these indices and cardiopulmonary impairment in patients with PE using chest CT/ MRI as well as preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing data. Conclusions: We found that when assessing for a correlation between the HI, CI, DI, or CCI together and independently with cardiopulmonary impairment, both the linear and multiple regression models failed to identify a statistically significant relationship. While it would be highly advantageous for a PE severity index to correlate with objective physiologic impairment, our data suggest that the currently defined indices fail to do so.

Aim: Spanish-only speaking residents in the United States face barriers to receiving potentially life-saving 911 interventions such as Telephone-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (TCPR) instructions. Since 2015, 911 dispatchers have placed an increased emphasis on rapid identification of potential cardiac arrest. The purpose of this study was to describe the utilization and timing of the 911 system during suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by Spanish-speaking callers in Metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. Methods: The dataset consisted of suspected OHCA from 911 centers from October 10, 2010 through December 31, 2013. Review of audio TCPR process data included whether the need for CPR was recognized by telecommunicators, whether CPR instructions were provided, and the time elements from call receipt to initiation of compressions. Results: A total of 3398 calls were made to 911 for suspected OHCA where CPR was indicated. A total of 39 (1.2%) were determined to have a Spanish language barrier. This averages to 18 calls per year with a Spanish language barrier during the study period, compared with 286 OHCAs expected per year among this population. The average time until telecommunicators recognized CPR need was 87.4 s for the no language barrier group compared to 160.6 s for the Spanish-language barrier group (p < 0.001). Time to CPR instructions started was significantly different between these groups (144.4 s vs 231.3 s, respectively) (p < 0.001), as was time to first compression, (174.4 s vs. 290.9 s, respectively) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study suggests that Hispanic callers under-utilize the 911 system, and when they do call 911, there are significant delays in initiating CPR. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.