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Paradise Lost: How Place-Marketers Use Maps to Frame Tourist Perceptions of the Las Vegas StripSparks, Kennen Les 20 April 2022 (has links)
No description available.
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Gambling in the Bophuthatswana Sun: Sun City and the political economy of a Bantustan casino:1965-1994Van der Merwe, Nicola Sarah January 2017 (has links)
Thesis presented in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of MA at the University of the Witwatersrand, 2017 / This thesis examines the role of the Sun City casino within the context of apartheid homeland policy. The casino was established in the bantustan of Bophuthatswana in 1979, following the abolition of gambling in South Africa, with introduction of the 1965 Gambling Act. This study is motivated by two research questions: (1) the political and economic effects of the casino’s operation in Bophuthatswana; and (2) Sun City’s promotion of Bophuthatswana’s status as an independent state from South Africa. The research for this project was obtained through archival and manuscript materials, oral interviews as well as newspapers archives.
The thesis is divided into five chapters which track the trajectory of Sun City’s development. The development and construction of Sun City are explored with regards to the financial contributions by the Bophuthatswana and South African governments. Secondly, the role that the governments of Bophuthatswana and South Africa played in the development of the casino and the political impact thereof.
Further, the employment at the casino is investigated, regarding the economic promises made to the both the governments by Southern Sun. The area surrounding Sun City had a high unemployment rate and the resort was promoted as means to curtail this problem. The attractions Sun City offered such as burlesque shows and prostitution are discussed, with specific reference to the casino as a place of racial integration and conspicuous consumption. The sanctions and boycotts are explored regarding the cohort of international sporting and musical entertainers hosted at Sun City and the shifts in the boycott following 1990. Lastly, the fall of bantustan policy is outlined, for the reincorporation of bantustan territories into South Africa highlighted questions of gambling legality.
This thesis concludes that Sun City brought exposure and infrastructure to Bophuthatswana, but most of the motivations employed to build the casino, such as high taxation, increased employment and the development of a heritage for the ‘Tswana’ people never materialised. The Sun City casino scheme aimed to further enrich individuals such as Kerzner and Mangope and the marketed benefits were not realised for the Bophuthatswana citizens. / XL2018
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The casino and the museum: imagining the Mashantucket Pequot tribal nation in representational spaceBodinger de Uriarte, John Joseph 28 August 2008 (has links)
Not available / text
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Investissements chinois et fragmentation urbaine à Sihanoukville au CambodgeLaillé, Robin 12 1900 (has links)
Dans un contexte de déploiement des nouvelles routes de la soie, la ville portuaire et balnéaire de Sihanoukville au Cambodge est ciblée par des investissements chinois importants. Ces investissements s’accompagnent par la présence de multiples acteurs chinois – investisseurs, commerçants, ouvriers, touristes – qui produisent un nouvel urbain à Sihanoukville. Ainsi, de nombreux casinos se développent aux côtés de zones économiques spéciales, d’hôtels, de quartiers fermés et de commerces variés.
La ville portuaire apparaît comme un front pionnier où les ressources touristiques, commerciales, industrielles et stratégiques doivent être exploitées et où les acteurs chinois jouissent d’une marge de manoeuvre conséquente. Ceci est possible car les élites cambodgiennes, autorités et propriétaires terriens en tête, mettent en place un cadre économique et politique favorable pour attirer les investissements chinois et ainsi profiter du développement de la ville. La nouvelle production urbaine de Sihanoukville limite l’accès aux ressources à certaines populations, ce qui mène à des dynamiques de fragmentation urbaine. Par-delà l’idée d’une opposition entre riches investisseurs chinois et habitants cambodgiens défavorisés, la récente production urbaine de Sihanoukville met plutôt en lumière des clivages entre ceux qui ont accès aux ressources et ceux qui n’y ont pas accès. Loin de l’image officielle mise de l’avant par Pékin concernant les nouvelles routes de la soie, la présence chinoise à Sihanoukville conduit à une production urbaine fragmentée. / In a context of deployment of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the coastal city of Sihanoukville, Cambodia, is targeted by massive Chinese investments. Those investments come with the arrival of many Chinese stakeholders – investors, sellers, workers, tourists – who produce a new urbanization in Sihanoukville. Many casinos are being developed in the city, alongside special economic zones, hotels, gated communities, and various other businesses.
The city seems to be a frontier where touristic, commercial, industrial, and strategic resources must be exploited, and where the Chinese stakeholders enjoy a certain autonomy. Based on neoliberal logics, Cambodian elites, authorities, and landowners above all, build a favorable economic and political environment to attract Chinese investments and take advantage of the situation. The new urbanization produced in Sihanoukville limits the access to the resources to certain populations, which leads to urban fragmentation. Beyond the idea of an opposition between rich Chinese investors and disadvantaged Cambodian inhabitants, the new Sihanoukville highlights divisions between those who have access to the resources and those who have not. Far from BRI’s official image putting forward by Beijing, the Chinese presence in Sihanoukville comes with a fragmented urban production.
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The Fungibility of Sin Taxes: An Economic Analysis of the Effect on Our K-12 Public School SystemHollinger, Michelle Lynn 09 May 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Los desafíos de las empresas de casinos frente a las entidades bancariasGonzáles Salva, Yirley Miriam 12 February 2019 (has links)
Las empresas de Casinos han presentado problemas con el Sector Bancario desde
hace varios años, ello se debe al alto grado de incidencia de prácticas de lavado de
activos dentro de estos establecimientos, motivo por el cual han sido catalogados como
blancos fáciles.
Por otro lado, las entidades bancarias con el animus de preservar sus intereses dentro
ellos su reputación, han optado por establecer políticas de índole interna, donde han
señalado taxativamente las actividades económicas consideradas riesgosas en sí
mismas, dentro de las cuales encontramos a los Casinos. Esta clasificación ha traído
como consecuencia directa que no sean sujetos de crédito, inclusive algunas entidades
bancarias han restringido la prestación de servicios bancarios, impidiendo cualquier tipo
de vinculación comercial.
Esta situación ha generado graves perjuicios a las empresas de Casinos; ya que han
sido apartados del Sistema Financiero, constriñéndoles a buscar mecanismos
alternativos que les permitiera seguir desempeñando su actividad comercial de manera
normal.
Frente a las adversidades reportadas por la Industria de Casinos, consideramos
necesario incorporar mecanismos legales, que permitan demostrarle a los Bancos que
los Casinos cumplen con las medidas de prevención de lavado de activos y
financiamiento del terrorismo. En este sentido, proponemos que las empresas de
Casinos refuercen su Sistema de Prevención de lavado de Activos y Financiamiento del
terrorismo, así como también la incorporación de prácticas de Buen Gobierno
Corporativo; toda vez que esto permite la generación de un valor añadido para las
empresas de Casinos, a través de la transparencia en la información, implementación
de sistemas de gestión de riesgos entre otros.
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Le jeu en ligne : une analyse comparative du statut juridique du jeu en ligne et des cadres juridiques adoptés pour règlementer et gérer ses risquesAloe, Benito 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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The Cape Town International Convention Centre : a positive economic impact created through the legalisation of gamblingVoges, Pierre 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MComm)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The legalisation of gambling in South Africa was perceived by many as an
unnecessary vice that would bring social decay in a country that is already battling to
cope with a wide array of social woes, such as unemployment, crime, etc. Anti
gambling protestors argued that South African society is not sufficiently developed to
cope with an industry that diverts money from normal household budgetary
expenditure patterns to the many forms of gambling that suddenly became legal.
Protestors also argued that gambling tax is just another tax on an already overtaxed
society. Many of these arguments were justified and the legalisation of gambling was
clearly an issue, which had to be dealt with carefully.
Politicians, the custodians of a well-managed political system through pro-active
policies that will be to the benefit of a country and its people were in a particularly
difficult position with the creation of a legalized gambling industry and had to weigh
policy between the advantage of additional tax revenue and the disadvantage of
adding to the social ills of South African society. In terms of the Constitution of South
Africa gambling was a concurrent competence and the respective provinces had an
opportunity to develop gambling policy that will be beneficial to the relevant
province. Although the national Gambling Act provided the broad parameters in
which provincial legislation had to be developed, provinces had ample opportunity to
be innovative in respect of provincial gambling legislation.
After the legalisation of gambling provinces moved quickly to ensure that casinos
were developed, mainly to create a larger revenue base through gambling tax. Most
provinces were cash-strapped, as their share of the national budget was not sufficient
to deal with the long list of provincial development priorities. A way had to be found
to supplement the national government contributions and gambling tax was an
attractive option.
The Western Cape Province moved somewhat slower in the promulgation of
provincial gambling legislation. There was a clear realisation that gambling was going
to have a massive social impact on the population of the Western Cape and therefore
had a clear objective to find ways to develop casinos in such a way that it would
offset the negative impact of gambling.
This thesis did not place any emphasis on the quantification of the social impact (such
as lack of productivity, loss of employment, bankruptcy, domestic violence, divorce,
etc). The objective was to show that the allocation of a gambling licence could be
used to create infrastructure that is not linked or related to a casino. Such
infrastructure is normally in high demand in cities or regions, which are emerging as
tourist destinations, but the infrastructure would not be developed by the government,
as the capital cost is too high, nor by the private sectors as the profit margins are too
low.
The Western Cape used its allocation of five casino licences in terms of the National
Gambling Act to create an impact on the whole of the region by dividing the province
into five regions and allocating a casino licence to each of the regions. Since 1994 Cape Town and the Western Cape have gained prominence internationally
as a tourist destination. It was soon clear that the city and region would not be able to
cope with the influx of tourists due to a lack of hotel rooms and other tourism
infrastructure. It was also clear that the tourism industry would not show the required
growth without facilities, such as a convention centres. It is particularly a convention
centre that became an urgent element in Cape Town as convention business has
become a rapidly growing business with a potentially significant impact in terms of
convention expenditure and the resulting economic impact on a city.
The Western Cape developed gambling policy determinations made it clear that in the
case of the five regions, casino bid companies were obliged to include tourism
infrastructure that would add value to a particular region. It was made clear that such
infrastructure should not necessarily be linked with a casino and could be off-site. The
policy determinations were clear in its stipulations that stand-alone casinos would not
be entertained in the adjudication process.
The development of an international convention centre became an important criterion
in the allocation of a casino licence in the Cape Metropole. Although casino bid
companies included different kinds of infrastructure in their bids (mostly projects that
would have a positive impact on tourism) the development of an international
convention centre became a strong factor and the casino licence for the Cape
Metropole was allocated to the company that included the development of an
international convention centre in the their casino bid application.
Although convention centers are rarely profitable they are known to change the face
of cities and regions in terms of their economic impact, not only the impact in terms
of urban renewal opportunity, but also attracting domestic and international
convention center delegate expenditure and the expenditure on hotels, food and
beverage, transport, and general tourism expenditure. The direct, indirect and induced
economic impact of this expenditure in the Western Cape and Cape Town result in the
off-setting of the negative social impact and ensure that the benefits of the legalisation
of gambling is extended to projects that would be unlikely developments in the
absence of a casino licence allocated.
The study undertaken demonstrates the economic impact (direct, indirect and
induced) of the Cape Town International Convention Centre. It also shows the impact
of the center on the promotion of tourism, including convention center delegates
returning to the Western Cape for leisure purposes in the future. It culminates in the
conclusion that the allocation of a casino licence should not only be the development
of a stand-alone casino, but also the creation of tourism infrastructure that offsets the
negative impact of gambling. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wettiging van die dobbelindustrie was deur baie mense gesien as ‘n
onnodige euwel wat net sou bydra tot sosiale verval in ‘n land wat reeds
gebuk gaan onder ‘n wye verskeidenheid sosiale probleme, soos
werkloosheid, misdaad, ens. Anti-dobbel stemme het argumenteer dat die
Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap is nie genoegsaam ontwikkel om ‘n
industrie te hanteer wat geld kanaliseer vanaf normale huishoudelike
besteding na die vorme van dobbel wat gewettig is nie. Anti-dobbel
stemme het verder genoem dat dobbel net ‘n verdere belasting is in ‘n
gemeenskap wat reeds oorbelas is. Baie van hierdie argumente het gewig
gedra en die wettiging van die dobbelindustrie was duidelik ‘n kwessie
wat versigtig hanteer moes word.
Politici, die beskermhere van ‘n gesonde politieke bestel deur pro-aktiewe
beleidstappe wat tot voordeel van ‘n land en sy mense behoort te wees,
was in ‘n besondere politieke dilemma met die wettiging van die
dobbelindustrie en moes die voordele van verdere belastinginkomste in
ag neem saam met die sosiale nadele wat die industrie sou skep. Volgens
die Konstitusie van Suid-Afrika is dobbel ‘n konkurente
verantwoordelikheid en die onderskeie provinsies kon provinsiale
dobbelbeleid ontwikkel volgens provinsiale vereistes. Alhoewel die
nasionale wetgewing die oorhoofse raamwerk skep vir provinsiale
wetgewing, het provinsies die geleentheid gehad om innoverend te wees
met die ontwikkeling van provinsiale wetgewing.
Na die wettiging van die dobbelindustrie het provinsies vinnig opgetree
om casinos te ontwikkel, hoofsaaklik om ‘n groter belastingbasis te
ontwikkel deur die toepassing van wetgewing. Die meeste provinsies
ondervind ‘n tekort aan inkomste, aangesien die inkomstetoedeling vanaf
die nasionale regering nie genoegsaam is om aandag te gee aan ‘n lang
lys van ontwikkelingsprioritiete nie. ‘n Weg moes gevind word om
provinsiale inkomste aan te vul en dobbelbelasting was ‘n aantreklike
opsie.
Die Wes-Kaap Provinsie het ‘n meer geduldige pad geloop in die
promulgering van dobbelwetgewing. Daar was ‘n duidelike besef dat
dobbel ‘n massiewe negatiewe sosiale impak in die Wes-Kaap sou teweeg
bring en was daarvan oortuig dat ‘n weg gevind moes word om die
negatiewe sosiale impak minder te maak. Die tesis het nie die klem geplaas op die kwantifisering van die negatiewe
impak (soos byvoorbeeld die gebrek aan produktiwiteit, verlies aan
werkgeleenthede, bankrotskappe, huishoudlike geweld, egskeidings, ens)
nie. Die doel was om te demonstreer dat die toekenning van ‘n casino
dobbellisensie gebruik kan word om infrastruktuur te skep wat nie direk
verwant is aan ‘n casino nie. Sodanige infrastruktuur is gewoonlik in
aanvraag in stede en streke wat ontluik as toerismbestemmings, maar
hierdie tipe toerisme-infrastruktuur sal nie deur die regering ontwikkel
word nie weens ‘n tekort aan die nodige fondse, maar ook nie deur die
privaatsektor nie weens die gebrek aan aantreklike winsmarges.
Die Wes-Kaap Provinsie het die vyf casinolisensies wat aan die provinsie
toegedeel is in terme van die Nationale Dobbelwet gebruik om ‘n impak
in die hele Provinsie te maak deur die Provinsie in vyf streke te verdeel
met ‘n lisensie toegedeel aan elk van hierdie streke.
Kaapstad en die Wes-Kaap het sedert 1994 internasionale prominensie
verkry as ‘n internasional toerismebestemming. Dit was egter gou
duidelik dat die stad en die streek nie die verwagte stroom van toeriste sal
kan hanteer met die gebrek aan hotelkamers en ander toerismeinfrastruktuur
nie. Die toerismesektor sal ook in gebreke bly om te groei
sonder ander fasilitiete soos ‘n internasionale konferensiesentrum. Die
gebrek aan ‘n internasionale konferensiesentrum het gelei daartoe dat
Kaapstad konferensies begin verloor het weens die gebrek aan voldoende
fasiliteite. Die internasionale konferensie-industrie toon uitstekende
geleenthede vir ekonomiese groei deur die konferensieganger besteding
en die impak op die ekonomie van Kaapstad en die Wes-Kaap.
Die Wes-Kaap het dobbelkriteria ontwikkel wat dit duidelik gemaak het
dat casino lisensie-aansoekers daartoe verplig was om toerismeinfrastruktuur
by hulle aansoek in te sluit wat sou bydra tot die
waardetoevoeging in die onderskeie streke. Dit is ook duidelik gemaak
dat sodanige infrastruktuur nie noodwendig fisies aan ‘n casino gekoppel
hoef te wees nie en kon ook weg van die casino perseel ontwikkel word.
Die beleidskriteria het dit verder ook duidelik gemaak dat alleenstaande
casinos nie oorweeg sou word nie.
Die ontwikkeling van ‘n internasionale konferensiesentrum het ‘n
belangrike beleidsoorweging geword in die toekenning van ‘n
casinolisensie in die Kaapse Metropool. Alhoewel casino maatskappye ‘n
verskeidenheid infrastruktuurelemente in hul aansoeke ingesluit het
(meesal projekte wat ‘n positiewe impak op toerisme sou teweeg bring)
het die ontwikkeling van ‘n konferensiesentrum ‘n uiters belangrike oorweging geword in die toekenning van ‘n casino lisensie en die lisensie
vir die Kaapse Metropool is derhalwe toegeken aan die maatskappy wat
die ontwikkeling van ‘n konferensiesentrum in die suksesvolle aansoek
ingesluit het.
Alhoewel konferensiesentrums byna nooit winsgewend is nie, skep
sodanige sentrums die moontlikheid van stedelike vernuwing en ‘n
ekonomiese impak deur die besteding van konferensegangers op hotelle,
voedsel, drank, vervoer en algemene toerismebesteding. Die direkte,
indirekte en geleide ekonomies impak van hierdie besteding lei daartoe
dat die negatiewe sosiale impak afgeskaal word en lei derhalwe daartoe
dat die voordele van die wettiging van dobbel verder gevoer word deur
projekte wat onwaarskynlik sou wees in die afwesigheid van die
toekenning van ‘n casinolisensie.
Hierdie studie demonstreer die ekonomiese impak (direk, indirek en
geleide) van die Kaapse Internasionale Konferensiesentrum. Die studie
demonstreer verder die impak van die studie op die bevordering van
toerisme , insluitende konferensiegangers wat na Kaapstad terugkeer vir
vakansiedoeleindes. Hierdie impak kulmineer in die gevolgtrekking dat
die toekenning van ‘n casinolisensie behoort nie net te lei tot die
ontwikkeling van ‘n alleenstaande casino nie, maar ook die ontwikkeling
van toerismeinfrastruktuur wat daartoe lei dat die negatiewe sosiale
impak afgeskaal word.
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Treating gambling addiction : a psychological study in the South African contextBulwer, Miranda 06 1900 (has links)
The objectives of this study were to provide a detailed biopsychosocial description of the characteristics of a sample of 100 individuals screened and referred by the National Responsible Gaming Programme helpline for their outpatient treatment programme over an eighteen month period, and, importantly, to measure the success of this specific treatment programme at set intervals, up to a one year follow-up period. While 80% of the sample did not relapse during the six-week treatment programme, the number of treatment seekers without any gambling relapses during each follow-up period declined, and those falling back into gambling increased as time went on. After one year 47% of treatment seekers managed not to revert back to gambling – total abstinence. A further 28% reported having relapsed once or twice or that their gambling was controlled. 25% of treatment seekers reported that they reverted back to gambling fulltime which leaves the success rate of the treatment at 75%. Treatment seekers reported an overall reduction in gambling participation, debt and expenditure and an overall improvement in social and vocational functioning. There is evidence in this study to support the perspective that pathological gambling is a multidimensional disorder and that certain sub-groups of gamblers have distinct gambling behaviour. / Psychology / M.Soc.Sc.
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Treating gambling addiction : a psychological study in the South African contextBulwer, Miranda 06 1900 (has links)
The objectives of this study were to provide a detailed biopsychosocial description of the characteristics of a sample of 100 individuals screened and referred by the National Responsible Gaming Programme helpline for their outpatient treatment programme over an eighteen month period, and, importantly, to measure the success of this specific treatment programme at set intervals, up to a one year follow-up period. While 80% of the sample did not relapse during the six-week treatment programme, the number of treatment seekers without any gambling relapses during each follow-up period declined, and those falling back into gambling increased as time went on. After one year 47% of treatment seekers managed not to revert back to gambling – total abstinence. A further 28% reported having relapsed once or twice or that their gambling was controlled. 25% of treatment seekers reported that they reverted back to gambling fulltime which leaves the success rate of the treatment at 75%. Treatment seekers reported an overall reduction in gambling participation, debt and expenditure and an overall improvement in social and vocational functioning. There is evidence in this study to support the perspective that pathological gambling is a multidimensional disorder and that certain sub-groups of gamblers have distinct gambling behaviour. / Psychology / M.Soc.Sc.
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