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Online software tutorials help a wide range of users acquire skills with complex software, but are not always easy to follow. For example, a tutorial might target users with a high skill level, or it might contain errors and omissions. Prior work has shown that user contributions, such as user comments, can add value to a tutorial. Building on this prior work, we investigate an approach to soliciting structured tutorial enhancements from tutorial readers. We illustrate this approach through a prototype called Antorial, and evaluate its impact on reader contributions through a multi-session evaluation with 13 participants. Our findings suggest that structuring tutorial contributions has positive impacts on both the number and type of reader contributions. Our findings also point to design considerations for systems that aim to support community-based tutorial refinement, and suggest promising directions for future research. / February 2017

The purpose of the study was to determine how the waste from m-Endo agar LES (LesEndo) should be categorized and managed, due to its content of the carcinogenic substance basic red 9 in basic fuchsine. The information was obtained by studying legislation and a laboratory practical was performed to verify, if basic fuchsine could remain in LesEndo agar after being heated. This was important to know for the further interpretation how to categorize and manage the waste according to the legislation. LesEndo agar was autoclaved at 121 °C for 15 and 30 minutes. E. coli and coliform bacteria was put to grow on the LesEndo agar. The results from the study showed that all replicas had coliform colonies, which appeared with a metallic fuchsine-sheen. This verified that basic fuchsine was unchanged and that there was no significant difference in growth between replicas with heated agar and the control. The total concentration of basic fuchsine in LesEndo agar was 0.08%. To be categorized as hazardous waste the threshold value for basic red 9 is 0.1%. According to a strict interpretation of the legislation, waste from used LesEndo agar should not be categorized and managed as hazardous waste. However, evaporation has to be taken into consideration and the concentration may be above 0.1%. Therefore my evaluation is that waste from used LesEndo agar should be categorized and managed as hazardous waste to protect humans and the environment from being harmed.

The aim of this study is to examine, with background of the swedish specialized social service, how the client is formed in a process by categorizing and sorting in the receiving department of the financial support. Which factors professionals are perceived to be problematic in the management of cases and the social workers approach to meet the clients needs. The study was conducted with one qualitative semi-structured interview with the head of the department of financial support, and two focus group interviews with social workers at the department of financial support. The theoretical approach is Hasenfeld´s theory about human service organizations, Billquist´s theory about the sorting process and Johansson´s theory about the client construction process. The empirical results also relate to Johansson´s theory about mass handling of clients and Svensson, Johnsson and Laanemets theory about the social workers action space. The conclusion of this study is that a specialized social service is categorizing and sorting the client through all parts of the process in the receiving department of financial support. The result shows that several factors makes it problematic for the social workers to respond to the client needs in a specialized social service, causing the social workers to use their acion space.

The purpose with this paper is to use an older belletristic litterature, like in this case Ett sällsamt öde by Frida Stéenhoff and do a queer theoretical analysis of the short story and then discuss the didactical implications the short story and my reading of the short story can have in the Swedish school and the work to active counteract discrimination. I have designed three questions who can answer my purpose with this paper. The following questions are: - How do Mikael and Ethel challenge the heterosexual standard? - How can the important breakfronts in the short story be comprehended and explained by the queer theory? - What in my reading of the short story can be actualized as relevant in the didactic field? The method I have used to answer these questions is a queer theoretical close reading of the short story. I have been able to use this method with the help of the queer theoretical perspective as my thesis and concepts such as Butler’s perfomativity and Foucault’s categorizing and exlusion are important concepts in my analysis and result. The conclusion I have been able to reach is that the short story Ett sällsamt öde actually is a story that can be used in the Swedish school and the work to actively counteract discrimination. With the queer theoretical perspective as my basis I have been able to find four different aspects that I consider important for the story itself but also to discuss with the students in school. These four aspects are Mikael Ignace’s identity, his suicide and Ethel’s psychological state and her way back to the nursing home as she herself once upon a time was admitted to. These four aspects challenge the heterosexual state and can from a queer perspective interpreted as Frida Stéenhoff’s figurative metaphors for a more comprehending society. With these aspects to my help I want to use queer pedagogy with my students to show them that norms, categorizing and similar aspects are constructions built by human beings and therefore are able to be critically examined and that they are changeable.

L'écrit en sciences favorise les apprentissages des élèves. Ce constat est largement partagé dans la communauté scientifique. A partir de cette idée et de celle de genèse instrumentale proposée par Pierre Rabardel, cette recherche s'est donné comme objet de savoir à quelles conditions les ingénieries pédagogiques qui intègrent l'usage d'un cahier de sciences sont efficientes pour que le jeune enfant s'approprie les instruments de la culture scientifique et écrite spécifiques au Cours Préparatoire.Dans la perspective de la conceptualisation dans l'action de Gérard Vergnaud, l'étude théorique et pratique a été menée sous différentes formes complémentaires : analyse structurale des cahiers issus des classes et des différentes sortes d'écrits utilisés pour représenter le réel, tests de connaissances et entretiens-feuilletages avec les élèves, observations de classes, questionnaires par Q-sort et entretiens avec les enseignants.L'étude met en lumière plusieurs faits. Le cahier de sciences est un système de langages et de classification conceptuelle matérialisée (expression empruntée à Anne Marie Chartier). L'usage du cahier de sciences nécessite, exerce et développe chez les enseignants et chez les élèves, de nombreux schèmes d'utilisation dont un schème de référencement qui permet aux élèves d'indexer leurs travaux à leur cahier et à la discipline de référence. Le cahier joue aussi un rôle dans la communauté de la classe, dans la communication avec la famille et dans la construction de l'enfant comme sujet. Autour des usages du cahier, se lient les apprentissages des sciences, les apprentissages de l'écrit et les apprentissages du cahier et de ses fonctions comme instrument. / Writing about sciences promotes pupils’learning. This idea is widely shared in the scientific community. Based upon this idea and that of an instrumental genesis proposed by Pierre Rabardel, this research studies in what conditions the engineering education integrating the use of a sciences notebook will help a young child to take over the tools of scientific and writing knowledges which are specific to the Preparatory Course.Following Gérard Vergnaud’s assertion that acting helps to conceptualizing, a theoretical and practical study was carried out in various complementary forms: structural analysis of notebooks from different classes and kinds of writing which are used to represent reality, tests of knowledge, and interviews with children, class observations, questionnaires, and Q-sort interviews with teachers. This study clarifies several facts. A science notebook is a system of language and conceptual classification which has been materialized (a term borrowed from Anne Marie Chartier). The use of a science notebook trains and develops among teachers and pupils many patterns of use, including a referral scheme which allows pupils to index their work to their specifications and the discipline of reference. A science notebook also plays a role in the community of the classroom, it is a link with the family, and it helps children to structure themselves as subjects. With the use of the science notebook, sciences and learning to write are connected to learning with a notebook and how to use it as a tool.

With a Categorizing tool for conservation of settlement remains we can, through better instructions, reduce the damages made to settlement remains in conjunction with forestmeasures.The purpose of this study was to create a categorizing tool for the conservation status of settlement remains. The categorization tool will be used to select specific remains for increased management. Interviews were conducted with the County administrative board in Östergötland, Board of Forestry (Skogsstyrelsen) and Holmen skog. Pre-field studies both with Skogsstyrelsen and Holmen skog were also conducted. A field study was conducted where totally 20 different areas of settlement remains were visited and used to create the tool. All settlement remains were located in Östergötland. The data collected showed that the largest amount of monuments were located close to a road and were relatively easy to access. The categorizing tool was made in collaboration with Holmen skog and was tested together with a representative from the company with the outcome as an approved categorizing tool for the demands of the company.

Instruktioner har syftet att förmedla ett arbetssätt eller utförande av en uppgift som användaren sen tidigare inte är bekant med. För att instruktionen ska vara framgångsrik krävs dock att den utformas på ett sätt som gör den enkel att använda och att tolka korrekt. Större efterfrågan på kundanpassning och krav på flexibilitet gör att tillverkande företag i allt större omfattning behöver effektiva metoder för att ta fram instruktioner. På uppdrag av PartnerTech i Åtvidaberg genomfördes under vårterminen 2014 ett examensarbete inriktat mot att underlätta framtagning och revision av instruktioner. Vilka presentationsformer som bäst stödjer användaren var också del av det huvudsakliga målet. Utöver det önskades även en metod för att kategorisera produkter efter monteringskomplexitet, vilket skulle underlätta fördelning av personal. PartnerTech är en kontraktstillverkare som ständigt ställs inför nya produkter och produktionsscenarion, vilket medför löpande behov av nya instruktioner. Bakgrunden till initiativet för projektet ligger i att den nuvarande metoden inte upplevs som tillräckligt effektiv och att kunskap från vetenskapliga studier saknas. Examensarbetet har utförts av en student vid det maskintekniska programmet på Linköpings tekniska högskola. Projektet inleddes med en studie av nuläget och forskningsresultaten inom de berörda områdena. Därefter utvärderades mjukvaran SolidWorks Composer för att se vilka fördelar den skulle kunna bidra till, jämfört med det nuvarande arbetssättet. Ett förslag till en layout för en alternativ form av instruktion utarbetades utifrån fynden under litteraturstudien, vilken senare testades på verkliga produkter. Parallellt utvecklades en metod för att kategorisera produkterna som produceras i Åtvidaberg. Projektet resulterade i en alternativ layout för instruktionerna och ett förslag till ny presentationsmetod. Som framtagningsverktyg föreslås Microsoft Powerpoint, vilket använts under projektet och visat på flera fördelar mot nuvarande program. Istället för att som idag använda utskrivna papperskopior av instruktionerna föreslås presentation via bildskärmar i form av ett bildspel. Utvärderingen av SolidWorks Composer visade att det finns potential för att effektivisera framtagningen av bilder för instruktionerna, förutsatt att ett antal kriterier uppfylls. Metoden för kategorisering av produkterna resulterade i en checklista, baserad i huvudsak på ja/nej-frågor. / The purpose of instructions is to pass a strategy or method for work on to a previously unexperienced person. For an instruction to be successful it must be designed in a manner that allows easy use and correct interpretation. The increasing demand for customer customization and flexibility leads to an ever increasing need for manufacturing companies to create and utilize instructions in an effective way. On the behalf of PartnerTech in Åtvidaberg, a project was conducted as a master thesis during the spring semester of 2014, with the target of facilitating the creation and revision of instructions. How information should be presented to best support the user was also a main objective of the project. Beside this, a method for categorizing the company’s products was requested, to facilitate the allocation of personnel at the assembly lines. PartnerTech as a contract manufacturer is continuously challenged with new products at various development stages. As a consequence, instructions needs to be created regularly. The initiative for the project originates from the dissatisfaction related to the current method. The master thesis has been conducted by a student at the mechanical engineering program at Linköping University. The initial part of the project involved a study of the current method and the company’s needs, as well as research within the concerned areas. Later the software SolidWorks Composer was evaluated to see which possible benefits it could hold. A proposal for a new layout of the instructions was developed, based on the found literature during the research. Instructions was established using the layout and principles, which then was tested on real products. Parallel to this a method for categorizing the products was developed. The project resulted in an alternative layout for instructions and a proposal for a new presentation method. The tool proposed for creating and maintaining the instructions is Microsoft PowerPoint, which was used during the project and showed several benefits compared to the current software. The evaluation of SolidWorks Composer showed that there is potential for more effective creation of images for instructions, given that some criteria is fulfilled. The method for categorizing products resulted in a checklist, based essentially on yes/no-questions.

Submitted by Henry Silva Vieira (henry@icomp.ufam.edu.br) on 2018-10-15T15:55:24Z No. of bitstreams: 3 tese-henry-vieira.pdf: 1191114 bytes, checksum: b10400a0fae82d5f844e9bb1c5ec4519 (MD5) folha-de-aprovacao.pdf: 315239 bytes, checksum: b497a7ed9186152c12bd92a9cc4c206e (MD5) ata-de-defesa.pdf: 482952 bytes, checksum: 62340b99b961e7b1d17cdbf1ae2621a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secretaria PPGI (secretariappgi@icomp.ufam.edu.br) on 2018-10-15T18:52:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 tese-henry-vieira.pdf: 1191114 bytes, checksum: b10400a0fae82d5f844e9bb1c5ec4519 (MD5) folha-de-aprovacao.pdf: 315239 bytes, checksum: b497a7ed9186152c12bd92a9cc4c206e (MD5) ata-de-defesa.pdf: 482952 bytes, checksum: 62340b99b961e7b1d17cdbf1ae2621a2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-10-16T17:41:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 tese-henry-vieira.pdf: 1191114 bytes, checksum: b10400a0fae82d5f844e9bb1c5ec4519 (MD5) folha-de-aprovacao.pdf: 315239 bytes, checksum: b497a7ed9186152c12bd92a9cc4c206e (MD5) ata-de-defesa.pdf: 482952 bytes, checksum: 62340b99b961e7b1d17cdbf1ae2621a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T17:41:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 tese-henry-vieira.pdf: 1191114 bytes, checksum: b10400a0fae82d5f844e9bb1c5ec4519 (MD5) folha-de-aprovacao.pdf: 315239 bytes, checksum: b497a7ed9186152c12bd92a9cc4c206e (MD5) ata-de-defesa.pdf: 482952 bytes, checksum: 62340b99b961e7b1d17cdbf1ae2621a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / A mídia social online tornou-se uma parte essencial de nossa vida diária. Por meio dessas mídias, os usuários trocam informações que geram usando diversos mecanismos de comunicação. Nesse contexto, mais e mais usuários transmitem e confiam em informações publicadas por outros usuários sobre uma grande variedade de tópicos, incluindo opiniões e informações sobre produtos. A extração e o processamento automáticos de informações geradas pelo usuário nas mídias sociais podem fornecer informações e conhecimento relevantes para uma variedade de aplicativos interessantes. Em particular, uma das técnicas de análise de conteúdo mais aplicadas às mídias sociais é a de mineração de opinião. Uma das tarefas básicas associadas à mineração de opinião é extrair e categorizar as entidades de destino, ou seja, identificar as menções de entidade no texto e vincular essas menções de entidade a entidades do mundo real sobre as quais as opiniões são feitas. Em nosso trabalho, nos concentramos em entidades-alvo de um tipo específico e atualmente relevante: produtos eletrônicos de consumo. Tais produtos são o principal assunto de opiniões postadas pelos usuários em várias postagens em fóruns de discussão e sites de varejo na Web. Neste trabalho, estamos interessados ​​em usar o conteúdo textual não estruturado gerado por usuários de mídia social para permitir continuamente enriquecer o conhecimento sobre produtos representados em catálogos de produtos. Portanto, a tarefa que abordamos aqui é como reconhecer e vincular menções a produtos em conteúdo textual gerado pelo usuário para o produto, de um catálogo, ao qual eles se referem. Afirmamos que duas sub-tarefas básicas surgem: primeiro, a extração de entidades alvo mencionada em conteúdo textual não-estruturado; segundo, a desambiguação de entidades extraídas, isto é, ligação menções extraídas à sua contraparte do mundo real. Neste trabalho, desenvolvemos métodos para abordar essas duas subtarefas. Esta tese detalha essas tarefas, discute nossas ideias para os métodos que desenvolvemos e apresenta nossas contribuições e resultados para esse objetivo. / Online social media has grown into an essential part of our daily life. Through these media, users exchange information that they generate by using many different communication mechanisms. In this context, more and more users pass on and trust information published by other users on a large variety of topics, including opinion and information about products. Automatically extracting and processing user-generated information in social media can provide relevant information and knowledge to a variety of interesting applications. In particular, one of the content analysis techniques most often applied to social media is that of opinion mining. One of the basic tasks associated with opinion mining is extracting and categorizing target entities, i.e., identifying entity mentions in text, and linking these entity mentions to unique real world entities about which the opinions are made. In our work, we focus on target entities of a specific, and currently relevant, type: consumer electronic products. Such products are the main subject of opinions posted by users on a number of posts in discussion forums and retail sites over the Web. In this work, we are interested in using the unstructured textual content generated by social media users to continuously allow enriching the knowledge about products represented in product catalogs. Therefore, the task we address here is how to recognize and link mentions to products in user generated textual content to the product, from a catalog, they refer to. We claim that two basic sub-tasks arise: first, extraction of target entities mentions from unstructured textual content; second, disambiguation of extracted entities, i.e., linking extracted mentions to their real world counterpart. In this work, we developed methods to address these two sub-tasks. This thesis details these tasks, discusses our ideas for the methods we developed, and presents our contributions and results towards this goal. / Não tive dificuldades, tudo funcionou corretamente.