Orientador: Jaime Angulo Pava / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:39:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moura_RogerPeresde_D.pdf: 2234766 bytes, checksum: 9c36c9be07d4a5910fabe79366fd1e13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Neste trabalho estabelecemos algumas propriedades da equação de Schr6dinger nãolinear não-local (NLSNL), em especial as relacionadas ao problema de Cauchy. Primeiramente fizemos um capítulo preliminar de notações e teoria básica utilizada no esta- belecimento dos resultados; essa parte também visa facilitar a leitura do trabalho. Em seguida apresentamos o principal resultado: boa colocação local para o problema de valor inicial (problema de Cauchy) associado à equação NLSNL para dados iniciais pequenos nos espaços de Sobolev reais usuais de ordem maior que três meios; o método permite estabelecer que a aplicação dado inicial-solução é suave. No capítulo seguinte provamos o mesmo resultado para a equação de Schr6dinger não-linear não-Iocal intermediária (INLSNL), a qual é mais geral que a outra. Depois estabelecemos boa colocação para a equação NLSNL em espaços de Sobolev com peso. Em outro capítulo apresentamos um resultado de má colocação: estabelecemos que não se pode obter boa colocação local, em espaços de Sobolev de índice negativo, para o PVI associado à equação NLSNL por meio de método iterativo de Picard; como conseqüência, a aplicação dado-solução não é suave nesses espaços. Provamos também, fazendo uso de uma identidade de Pohozaev, a não existência de soluções standing waves para a equação NLS não-local. Finalizamos com um capítulo onde exibimos alguns problemas interessantes relacionados principalmente à equação NLSNL e algumas possíveis dificuldades a serem enfrentadas em uma eventual tentativa de solucioná-Ios / Abstract: ln this work we establish some properties of the nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSNL). First of alI, we present a preliminary chapter with notations and basic theory used to establish our results; that part also seeks to facilitate the reading of this work. Soon afterwards comes the main result: local welI-posedness for the initial value problem (the Cauchy problem or lVP) for the NLSNL equation with initial data in real Sobolev spaces of index larger than three and a half; the method of proof alIows to es- tablish that the data-solution map is smooth. ln the folIowing chapter we proved that previous result for the intermediate nonlocal nonlinear Schrüdinger (lNLSNL), which is more general than the NLSNL equation. After that we establish local welI-posedness for the NLSNL equation in weighted Sobolev spaces. ln another chapter the ill-posedness issue is discussed: we established that one cannot obtain local welI-posedness, in Sobolev spaces of negative index, for the lVP associated to NLSNL equation through a iterative Picard method; as a consequence, the data-solution map is not smooth in those spaces. We also proved, making use of a Pohozaev's identity, the no-existence of standing waves solutions for the NLSNL equation. We concluded with a chapter where we exhibited some interesting problems mainly related to the NLSNL equation and possible difficulties to be faced in an eventual attempt of solving them / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutor em Matemática

Orientador: Ademir Pastor Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T23:55:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cunha_AlyssonTobiasRibeiro_D.pdf: 2613588 bytes, checksum: a1484c40a841c1479e707e39620338b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic digital document / Doutorado / Matematica / Doutor em Matemática

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Cauchy problems for elliptic partial differential equations arise in many important applications, such as, cardiography, nondestructive testing, heat transfer, sonic boom produced by a maneuvering aerofoil, etc. Elliptic Cauchy problems are typically ill-posed, i.e., there may not be a solution for some Cauchy data, and even if a solution exists uniquely, it may not depend continuously on the Cauchy data. The ill-posedness causes numerical instability and makes the classical numerical methods inappropriate to solve such problems. For Cauchy problems, the research on uniqueness, stability, and efficient numerical methods are of significant interest to mathematicians. The main focus of this thesis is to develop numerical techniques for elliptic Cauchy problems. Elliptic Cauchy problems can be approached as data completion problems, i.e., from over-specified Cauchy data on an accessible part of the boundary, one can try to recover missing data on the inaccessible part of the boundary. Then, the Cauchy problems can be solved by finding a so-lution to a well-posed boundary value problem for which the recovered data constitute a boundary condition on the inaccessible part of the boundary. In this thesis, we use natural linearization approach to transform the linear Cauchy problem into a problem of solving a linear operator equation. We consider this operator in a weaker image space H−1, which differs from the previous works where the image space of the operator is usually considered as L2 . The lower smoothness of the image space will make a problem a bit more ill-posed. But under such settings, we can prove the compactness of the considered operator. At the same time, it allows a relaxation of the assumption concerning noise. The numerical methods that can cope with these ill-posed operator equations are the so called regularization methods. One prominent example of such regularization methods is Tikhonov regularization which is frequently used in practice. Tikhonov regularization can be considered as a least-squares tracking of data with a regularization term. In this thesis we discuss a possibility to improve the reconstruction accuracy of the Tikhonov regularization method by using an iterative modification of Tikhonov regularization. With this iterated Tikhonov regularization the effect of the penalty term fades away as iterations go on. In the application of iterated Tikhonov regularization, we find that for severely ill-posed problems such as elliptic Cauchy problems, discretization has such a powerful influence on the accuracy of the regularized solution that only with some reasonable discretization level, desirable accuracy can be achieved. Thus, regularization by projection method which is commonly known as self-regularization is also considered in this thesis. With this method, the regularization is achieved only by discretization along with an appropriate choice of discretization level. For all regularization methods, the choice of an appropriate regularization parameter is a crucial issue. For this purpose, we propose the balancing principle which is a recently introduced powerful technique for the choice of the regularization parameter. While applying this principle, a balance between the components related to the convergence rate and stability in the accuracy estimates has to be made. The main advantage of the balancing principle is that it can work in an adaptive way to obtain an appropriate value of the regularization parameter, and it does not use any quantitative knowledge of convergence rate or stability. The accuracy provided by this adaptive strategy is worse only by a constant factor than one could achieve in the case of known stability and convergence rates. We apply the balancing principle in both iterated Tikhonov regularization and self-regularization methods to choose the proper regularization parameters. In the thesis, we also investigate numerical techniques based on iterative Tikhonov regular-ization for nonlinear elliptic Cauchy problems. We consider two types of problems. In the first kind, the nonlinear problem can be transformed to a linear problem while in the second kind, linearization of the nonlinear problem is not possible, and for this we propose a special iterative method which differs from methods such as Landweber iteration and Newton-type method which are usually based on the calculation of the Frech´et derivative or adjoint of the equation. Abundant examples are presented in the thesis, which illustrate the performance of the pro-posed regularization methods as well as the balancing principle. At the same time, these examples can be viewed as a support for the theoretical results achieved in this thesis. In the end of this thesis, we describe the sonic boom problem, where we first encountered the ill-posed nonlinear Cauchy problem. This is a very difficult problem and hence we took this problem to provide a motivation for the model problems. These model problems are discussed one by one in the thesis in the increasing order of difficulty, ending with the nonlinear problems in Chapter 5. The main results of the dissertation are communicated in the article [35].

Les problèmes de complétion de données interviennent dans divers domaines de la physique, tels que la mécanique, l'acoustique ou la thermique. La mesure directe des conditions aux limites se heurte souvent à l'impossibilité de placer l'instrumentation adéquate. La détermination de ces données n'est alors possible que grâce à des informations complémentaires. Des mesures surabondantes sur une partie accessible de la frontière mènent à la résolution d'un problème inverse de type Cauchy. Cependant, dans certains cas, des mesures directes sur la frontière sont irréalisables, des mesures de champs plus facilement accessibles permettent de pallier ce problème. Cette thèse présente des méthodes de régularisation évanescente qui permettent de trouver, parmi toutes les solutions de l'équation d'équilibre, la solution du problème de complétion de données qui s'approche au mieux des données de type Cauchy ou de champs partiels. Ces processus itératifs ne dépendent pas d'un coefficient de régularisation et sont robustes vis à vis du bruit sur les données, qui sont recalculées et de ce fait débruitées. Nous nous intéressons, dans un premier temps, à la résolution de problèmes de Cauchy associés à l'équation d'Helmholtz. Une étude numérique complète est menée, en utilisant la méthode des solutions fondamentales en tant que méthode numérique pour discrétiser l'espace des solutions de l'équation d'Helmholtz. Des reconstructions précises attestent de l'efficacité et de la robustesse de la méthode. Nous présentons, dans un second temps, la généralisation de la méthode de régularisation évanescente aux problèmes de complétion de données à partir de mesures de champs partielles. Des simulations numériques, pour l'opérateur de Lamé, dans le cadre des éléments finis et des solutions fondamentales, montrent la capacité de la méthode à compléter et débruiter des données partielles de champs de déplacements et à identifier les conditions aux limites en tout point de la frontière. Nous retrouvons des reconstructions précises et un débruitage efficace des données lorsque l'algorithme est appliqué à des mesures réelles issues de corrélation d'images numériques. Un éventuel changement de comportement du matériau est détecté grâce à l'analyse des résidus de déplacements. / Data completion problems occur in many engineering fields, such as mechanical, acoustical and thermal sciences. Direct measurement of boundary conditions is often confronting with the impossibility of placing the appropriate instrumentation. The determination of these data is then possible only through additional informations. Overprescribed measurements on an accessible part of the boundary lead to the resolution of an inverse Cauchy problem. However, in some cases, direct measurements on the boundary are inaccessible, to overcome this problem field measurements are more easily accessible. This thesis presents fading regularization methods that allow to find, among all the solutions of the equilibrium equation, the solution of the data completion problem which fits at best Cauchy or partial fields data. These iterative processesdo not depend on a regularization coefficient and are robust with respect to the noise on the data, which are recomputed and therefore denoised. We are interested initially in solving Cauchy problems associated with the Helmholtz equation. A complete numerical study is made, usingthe method of fundamental solutions as a numerical method for discretizing the space of the Helmholtz equation solutions. Accurate reconstructions attest to the efficiency and the robustness of the method. We present, in a second time, the generalization of the fading regularization method to the data completion problems from partial full-field measurements. Numerical simulations, for the Lamé operator, using the finite element method or the method of fundamental solutions, show the ability of the iterative process to complete and denoise partial displacements fields data and to identify the boundary conditions at any point. We find precise reconstructions and efficient denoising of the data when the algorithm is applied to real measurements from digital image correlation. A possible change in the material behavior is detected thanks to the analysis of the displacements residuals.

Cette thèse concerne le problème de désocclusion d'images, au moyen des équations aux dérivées partielles. Dans la première partie de la thèse, la désocclusion est modélisée par un problème de Cauchy qui consiste à déterminer une solution d'une équation aux dérivées partielles avec des données aux bords accessibles seulement sur une partie du bord de la partie à recouvrir. Ensuite, on a utilisé des algorithmes de minimisation issus de la théorie des jeux, pour résoudre ce problème de Cauchy. La deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée au choix des paramètres de régularisation pour des EDP d'ordre deux et d'ordre quatre. L'approche développée consiste à construire une famille de problèmes d'optimisation bien posés où les paramètres sont choisis comme étant une fonction variable en espace. Ceci permet de prendre en compte les différents détails, à différents échelles dans l'image. L'apport de la méthode est de résoudre de façon satisfaisante et objective, le choix du paramètre de régularisation en se basant sur des indicateurs d'erreur et donc le caractère à posteriori de la méthode (i.e. indépendant de la solution exacte, en générale inconnue). En outre, elle fait appel à des techniques classiques d'adaptation de maillage, qui rendent peu coûteuses les calculs numériques. En plus, un des aspects attractif de cette méthode, en traitement d'images est la récupération et la détection de contours et de structures fines. / Image inpainting refers to the process of restoring a damaged image with missing information. Different mathematical approaches were suggested to deal with this problem. In particular, partial differential diffusion equations are extensively used. The underlying idea of PDE-based approaches is to fill-in damaged regions with available information from their surroundings. The first purpose of this Thesis is to treat the case where this information is not available in a part of the boundary of the damaged region. We formulate the inpainting problem as a nonlinear boundary inverse problem for incomplete images. Then, we give a Nash-game formulation of this Cauchy problem and we present different numerical which show the efficiency of the proposed approach as an inpainting method.Typically, inpainting is an ill-posed inverse problem for it most of PDEs approaches are obtained from minimization of regularized energies, in the context of Tikhonov regularization. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the choice of regularization parameters in second-and fourth-order energy-based models with the aim of obtaining as far as possible fine features of the initial image, e.g., (corners, edges, … ) in the inpainted region. We introduce a family of regularized functionals with regularization parameters to be selected locally, adaptively and in a posteriori way allowing to change locally the initial model. We also draw connections between the proposed method and the Mumford-Shah functional. An important feature of the proposed method is that the investigated PDEs are easy to discretize and the overall adaptive approach is easy to implement numerically.

Cette thèse porte sur les équations d’évolution et s’articule autour de trois parties. Dans la première partie, on se propose de se concentrer sur le critère oscillatoire de certaines équations différentielles. Des résultats classiques sur les fonctions presque-périodiques sont rassemblés dans le premier chapitre. Le deuxième chapitre de cette thèse a pour objectif de prouver l’existence d’une solution presque-périodique de Besicovitch d’une équation différentielle de second ordre sur un espace de Hilbert. L’approche utilisée se base sur un formalisme variationnel. La deuxième partie de cette thèse traite le comportement asymptotique des problèmes de Cauchy dans le cas non autonome. Les semi-groupes et les familles d’évolution étant les outils principaux utilisés dans cette partie, le troisième chapitre introduit des résultats importants de cette théorie, notamment ceux permettant de caractériser la stabilité des semigroupes et des familles d’évolution périodiques. Dans le quatrième chapitre de cette contribution, on prouve, en utilisant une approche basée sur les semigroupes, un résultat liant la bornitude de solutions de problèmes de Cauchy périodiques et la stabilité exponentielle uniforme des familles d’évolution issues de ces problèmes. Dans une troisième partie, on focalise l’attention sur quelques résultats sur la dichotomie exponentielle comme une propriété liée au comportement asymptotique des systèmes différentiels. Quelques résultats connus sont, par suite, réunis au cinquième chapitre qui introduit brièvement la notion de dichotomie exponentielle. Dans un dernier chapitre, une caractérisation de la dichotomie exponentielle d’une famille d’évolution en termes de bornitude des solutions de problèmes de Cauchy opératoriels correspondants sera démontrée. / This PhD thesis deals with the evolution equations and is organized in three parts. The first part is devoted to the almost periodic solutions of certain differential equations. Classic results on the almost periodic functions are collected in the first chapter. The second chapter of this thesis aims to prove the existence of an almost-periodic solution of Besicovitch of a second-order differential equation on Hilbert space. The used approach is based on a variational formalism. In the second part of this thesis, we study the asymptotic behavior of Cauchy problems in the non-autonomous case. We give in the third chapter important results on semigroups and evolution families, namely, those allowing to characterize the stability of semigroups and periodic evolution families. We prove in the fourth chapter sufficient conditions for the uniform exponential stability of a strongly continuous, q-periodic evolution family acting on a complex Banach space. The last part in this work focuses the attention on some results on the exponential dichotomy as a property for the asymptotic behavior of the differential systems. Some well-known results are given in the fifth chapter which introduces briefly the concept of the exponential dichotomy. A characterization of the exponential dichotomy for evolution family in terms of boundedness of the solutions to periodic operatorial Cauchy problems will be established.

Die vorgelegte Dissertation befasst sich mit der Frage unter welchen Bedingungen und in welchen Funktionenräumen hyperbolische Cauchy Probleme korrekt gestellt sind, wenn die Koeffizienten niedrige Regularität haben. Startpunkt der Betrachtungen sind strikt hyperbolische Cauchy Probleme beliebiger Ordnung mit Koeffizienten, die bezüglich der Zeit nicht differenzierbar aber glatt in allen Ortsvariablen sind. Abhängig von der Regularität der Koeffizienten bezüglich der Zeit, wird gezeigt in welchen Räumen Problem dieser Art korrekt gestellt sind. Insbesondere werden Zusammenhänge zwischen der Regularität der Koeffizienten und den Lösungsräumen deutlich. Basierend auf den Erkenntnissen für strikt hyperbolische Cauchy Probleme werden anschließend schwach hyperbolische Cauchy Probleme untersucht. Hier wird eine verallgemeinerte Levi Bedingung eingeführt und gezeigt, welcher Zusammenhang zwischen dem Einfluss der Levi Bedingungen und der niedrigen Regularität der Koeffizienten auf die Lösungsräume besteht. Schließlich wird noch den Fall von strikt hyperbolischen Cauchy Problemen betrachtet, die Koeffizienten mit niedriger Regularität in allen Variablen haben.