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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
441

Comparaison de la capacité de différenciation en cellules endothéliales, de deux types de cellules souches mésenchymateuses issues de la gelée de Wharton et de la moelle osseuse / Comparison of the endotheliale differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the Wharton's jelly and the bone marrow

Rammal, Hassan 14 February 2014 (has links)
L'incidence des maladies cardiovasculaires d'origine athéromateuse constitue un problème majeur en santé publique et malgré le développement de techniques curatives endovasculaires, la chirurgie demeure nécessaire chez de nombreux patients. La faible disponibilité des vaisseaux naturels, autologues ou non, et les limites mécaniques et biologiques des substituts artificiels pour le remplacement des vaisseaux de petit calibre, imposent le recours à une nouvelle science : l'ingénierie vasculaire. Ce concept a émergé et évolué depuis quelques années. Il pourrait permettre de proposer de nouveaux types de substituts vasculaires synthétiques et/ou biologiques, en particulier grâce à l'utilisation de cellules souches, ouvrant d'intéressantes perspectives dans le domaine de l'ingénierie vasculaire. Le but de ce travail a été d'obtenir de manière fiable et reproductible des cellules à phénotype endothélial mature à partir de cellules souches mésenchymateuses (CSMs) issus de la gelée de Wharton (GW) du cordon ombilical et de la moelle osseuse (MO). Cependant, la différenciation de ces cellules nécessite une fonctionnalisation de la surface de culture, et notre groupe a démontré l'avantage des films multicouches de polyélectrolytes, constitués de PAH (hydrochlorure de poly(allylamine)) et de PSS (poly(styrène sulfonate)), sur l'adhésion, la prolifération et la différenciation cellulaire. Les cellules ont été cultivées sur films (PAH-PSS)4 ou sur collagène de type I (témoin), en présence de facteurs de croissance angiogéniques. La différenciation en cellules endothéliales (CEs) a été suivie par l'expression des marqueurs endothéliaux (PCR et western blot), et la fonctionnalité par leur capacité à incorporer les lipoprotéines acétylées (Ac-LDLs) ainsi que la capacité à produire du monoxyde d'azote et à exprimé le facteur von Willebrand (vWF). Après 14 jours de stimulation, seules les CSM-GWs étaient différenciées en CEs fonctionnelles démontrant l'intérêt de combiner l'utilisation des CSM-GWs et des films (PAH-PSS)4 dans le domaine de l'ingénierie vasculaire / The incidence of cardiovascular disease remains a major public health problem. Despite the development of endovascular therapies, surgical treatment is necessary for many patients. The low availability of natural vessels, autologous or not, and the mechanical and biological limits of artificial substitutes, led to the use of a new domain: vascular engineering. In recent years, the concept has emerged and evolved. He could afford to offer new types of synthetic vascular substitutes and / or biological, in particular through the use of stem cells, offering interesting perspectives in the field of vascular engineering. The purpose of this study was to obtain a reliable and reproducible protocol to generate functional endothelial cells (ECs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (WJ) and bone marrow (BM). Nevertheless, their differentiation into vascular cells needs a culture surface functionalization; our group demonstrated the potential use of polyelectrolyte multilayer made of poly(allylamine hydrochloride): PAH, and poly(styrene sulfonate): PSS, in promoting cells adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Cells were cultured on (PAH-PSS)4 films or collagen type I (used as control), in the presence of angiogenic growth factors. Cells differentiation into EC was followed through the expression of endothelial markers (PCR and western blot); cell functionality was checked through their ability to incorporate acetylated LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), to produce NO (Nitric oxide) and to express the von Willebrand factor (vWF). After 14 days of stimulation, only WJ-MSCs were able to generate functional ECs demonstrating the potential of combining WJ-MSCs and (PAH-PSS)4 films in vascular tissue engineering field
442

Osteogênese in vitro sobre vitrocerâmica 100% cristalina e altamente bioativa (Biosilicato®): efeitos do condicionamento de superfície e dos produtos de dissolução iônica / In vitro osteogenesis on a highly bioactive glass ceramic (Biosilicate®): effects of surface conditioning and of its ionic dissolution products

Larissa Moreira Spinola de Castro Raucci 29 May 2009 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do condicionamento de superfície de uma vitrocerâmica 100% cristalina e altamente bioativa (Biosilicato®) e de seus produtos de dissolução iônica sobre diferentes parâmetros do desenvolvimento do fenótipo osteogênico in vitro. Previamente ao plaqueamento de células osteogênicas de calvárias de ratos, discos de Biosilicato® foram condicionados, por 3 dias, em meio de cultura suplementado, com ou sem soro fetal bovino a 10%. Células osteogênicas expostas aos produtos de dissolução iônica do Biosilicato® foram também cultivadas sobre lamínulas de vidro bioinerte. Discos de Biosilicato e lamínulas de vidro foram utilizados como controles. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento de superfície de Biosilicato® aumenta expressivamente a concentração de silício e cálcio no meio de cultura. Em 1, 3 e 7 dias, foram determinados os maiores valores de viabilidade celular em superfícies de Biosilicato® condicionado, enquanto que entre os grupos de lamínulas de vidro, observou-se menor viabilidade em culturas expostas aos produtos de dissolução iônica do Biosilicato®. Em 3 dias, células sobre todas as superfícies de Biosilicato® apresentavam-se menos espraiadas quando comparadas àquelas sobre lamínulas de vidro; neste período, a topografia das superfícies dos grupos de Biosilicato® caracterizava-se por rede de cavidades na submicro e nanoescala, enquanto que a lamínula apresentava superfície plana. Alterações no padrão de marcação das proteínas citoesqueléticas actina, vimentina, tubulina e vinculina, da subunidade de integrina α5 e da fibronectina eram observadas apenas em células crescidas sobre as superfícies de Biosilicato®. Ao final da fase proliferativa (7 dias), foram observados maiores níveis relativos de expressão de RNA mensageiro para Runx2, sialoproteína óssea (BSP) e fosfatase alcalina (ALP) em culturas crescidas sobre superfícies condicionadas de Biosilicato®; a exposição aos produtos de dissolução iônica aumentou a expressão de Runx2 e ALP nos grupos de lamínula de vidro. Em 14 dias, culturas sobre Biosilicato® condicionado em meio de cultura com soro exibiam áreas mais extensas de mineralização. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que o condicionamento de superfícies de Biosilicato® previamente ao plaqueamento celular favorece aspectos da interação célula-substrato, promovendo maior viabilidade celular e aumentando e/ou acelerando o desenvolvimento do fenótipo osteogênico in vitro. A exposição aos produtos de dissolução iônica do Biosilicato® inibe a progressão de culturas osteogênicas sobre lamínulas de vidro bioinerte, apesar de aumentar a expressão de marcadores osteoblásticos. / The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of surface conditioning of a highly bioactive, fully crystalline glass-ceramic in the Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 system (Biosilicate®) and of its ionic dissolution products on key parameters of the development of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro. Rat calvaria-derived osteogenic cells were plated on Biosilicate® discs that were pre-conditioned either with supplemented culture medium or serum-free medium for 3 days. In addition, osteogenic cells grown on bioinert glass coverslips were exposed to the ionic dissolution products of the Biosilicate®. The results showed that the supplemented culture medium used for the Biosilicate® surface conditioning exhibited a high concentration silicium and calcium. At 1, 3, and 7 days, cell viability was significantly higher for the conditioned Biosilicate® sufaces, whereas reduced cell viability was observed for cultures grown on glass coverslips and exposed to the ionic dissolution products of Biosilicate®. At day 3, cells grown on Biosilicate® groups were less spread compared with those on glass coverslips. At the same time point, whereas the surface topography of glass coverslips was smooth, Biosilicate® discs exhibited a network of submicron and nanoscale pits. Changes in the labeling pattern of the cytoskeleton proteins actin, vimentin, tubulin and vinculin, and of α5 integrin and fibronectin were only observed for cells grown on Biosilicate® surfaces. At the end of the proliferative phase (day 7), expression levels of Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) mRNAs were significantly higher for cultures grown on conditioned Biosilicate® surfaces; the exposure of cells to the ionic dissolution products increased Runx2 and ALP mRNA levels. At day 14, significantly more extensive areas of matrix mineralization were detected for cultures grown on Biosilicate® discs that were pre-conditioned with supplemented culture medium. The results showed that the conditioning of Biosilicate® surfaces with culture medium prior to cell plating supports key aspects of cell-substrate interactions, increasing and/or accelerating expression of the osteoblastic cell phenotype. Furthermore, the exposure of cells to the ionic dissolution products of Biosilicate® inhibits the progression of osteogenic cell cultures on bioinert glass coverslips, despite its positive effect on expression of osteoblastic markers.
443

Functional characterization of CRMP1 in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulation in prostate cancer. / CRMP1在前列腺癌上皮-间质转化中的功能研究 / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection / CRMP1 zai qian lie xian ai shang pi- jian zhi zhuan hua zhong de gong neng yan jiu

January 2013 (has links)
Cai, Ganhui. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-192). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.
444

Diferenciação de células tronco mesenquimais em células tipo-hepatócitos

Angiolini, Virgínia Andrea January 2017 (has links)
Introdução: O fígado é um órgão chave na manutenção da homeostasia corpórea e o transplante hepático ainda continua sendo o padrão-ouro no tratamento da insuficiência hepática aguda. A falta de doadores tem favorecido o desenvolvimento da terapia celular. Células derivadas de medula óssea podem se diferenciar em células tipo-hepatócitos em menos de 24 horas e a comunicação através de vesículas extracelulares (VEs) é um dos mecanismos propostos para explicar essa capacidade. Muitos estudos têm demonstrado que as células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) da medula tem alta plasticidade para se diferenciar em hepatócitos, mas os protocolos normalmente utilizados levam entre 7 e 28 dias. Objetivo: Analisar a capacidade de diferenciação das CTMs da medula em se tornar uma célula tipo-hepatócito através do mecanismo de comunicação celular por VEs em cultura (6 e 24 horas). Materiais e métodos: Para avaliar o efeito de hepatócitos primários isolados de ratos saudáveis e lesados com CCl4 na diferenciação das CTMs foi utilizado um sistema de co-cultivo com insertos que não permitem o contato entre as células colocando as CTMs na câmera superior e os hepatócitos na câmera inferior do sistema. Meio condicionado de hepatócitos com lesão foi utilizado para avaliar a capacidade das CTMs de capturar VEs e se diferenciar em célula-tipo hepatócito. Os marcadores de célula tipo-hepatócito avaliados foram expressão gênica (alfa fetoproteina, albumina e citoqueratina-18), armazenamento de glicogênio e liberação de ureia. Para rastrear VEs, hepatócitos de ratos lesados foram marcados com PKH-26. As VEs foram obtidas por ultracentrifugação do sobrenadante e analisadas por citometria de fluxo. Hepatócitos e CTMs também foram analisados por citometria de fluxo na busca de marcação positiva. Resultados: CTMs co-cultivadas durante 6 e 24 horas com hepatócitos não apresentaram expressão de genes hepáticos, mesmo quando expostas a um ambiente de lesão. Os ensaios funcionais confirmaram a falta de sinais de diferenciação, sendo que não foi observado armazenamento de glicogênio nem liberação de ureia nas CTMs. Um achado interessante foi que ao analisar o sobrenadante da câmera superior do sistema de co-cultivo, não foram achadas VEs marcadas com PKH-26 nem CTMs com rastros do marcador. Por outro lado, os experimentos utilizando meio condicionado mostraram que as CTMs têm capacidade de capturar VEs. A citometria de fluxo mostrou que às 6 horas e 24 horas respetivamente 2,28% e 3,97% das CTMs eram positivas para o marcador PKH-26. Quando analisadas no microscópio de fluorescência, foram vistos pontos vermelhos nas CTMs alguns dos quais parecem carregar a proteína albumina. Porém a expressão gênica e analise de ureia não se adequaram a um perfil de célula tipo-hepatócito. Conclusões: O sistema de co-cultivo não foi adequado para permitir a transferência e comunicação através de VEs entre hepatócitos e CTMs sendo que as VEs não conseguem atingir a câmara superior. Os experimentos com meio condicionado sugerem que as CTMs têm capacidade de capturar VEs derivadas de hepatócitos, porém a captação não conduz ao desenvolvimento de um perfil de célula tipo-hepatócito em 6 e 24 horas. São necessários mais estudos para esclarecer a dinâmica de transferência das VEs e suas consequências em longo prazo. / Introduction: Liver is a key organ for corporeal homeostasis maintenance and whole organ replacement still remains the gold standard procedure to treat acute liver failure. Shortage of liver donor has promoted the increase on cell-therapy research. Bone marrow (BM) derived cell have shown potential for differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells in a short time and extracellular vesicles communication (EVs) is one of the proposed mechanisms. Plasticity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is extensively supported by scientific literature but protocols applied to differentiation usually take from 7 to 28 days. Objective: To analyze in vitro differentiation potential of BM-MSCs into hepatocyte-like cells through EVs transfer mechanism in 6 and 24 hours. Materials and Methods: Co-culture system with cell-impermeable inserts and conditioned medium experiments were used to explore the effects of healthy and CCl4-injured hepatocytes, over BM-MSCs differentiation. Assessment of hepatocyte-like cell profile on BM-MSCs was revealed by gene expression (alpha fetoprotein, albumin and cytokeratin-18), glycogen storage and urea release. Hepatocytes from CCl4-injured rats were labeled by PKH-26 to track EVs. Ultracentrifugation was used to isolate EVs from supernatant medium of the two chamber of the co-culture system. PKH-26 positive EVs and PKH-26 positive cells were revealed by flow cytometry analysis and fluorescent microscopy. BM-MSCs cultured with conditioned medium were stained with ALB-FITC antibody. Results: Co-cultured BM-MSCs for 6 and 24 hours, showed no expression of hepatocyte-like genes, even after exposure to damaged microenvironment. Functional assays confirm the lack of differentiation signs there were no glycogen storage or urea release. Interestingly, EVs traffic analysis revealed no PKH-26 positive EVs at the upper chamber of co-culture system and no positive BM-MSCs were found either. On the other hand, conditioned medium experiment showed that BM-MSCs could uptake EVs. Flow cytometry analysis showed positive PKH-26 BM-MSCs at 6 (2.28%) and 24 (3.97%) hours. Flourescence microscopy revealed red points into BM-MSCs and immunofluorescence suggest that some EVs contain albumin. Gene expression and urea assay of BM-MSCs were not in accordance with a hepatocyte-like profile. Conclusions: Co-culture system, by using cell-impermeable membrane, was not adequate to promote EVs transfer between hepatocyte and BM-MSCs since EVs do not pass from the lower to the upper chamber. Conditioned medium experiments can suggest that BM-MSCs could uptake hepatocyte-derived EVs but this not drive to a hepatocyte-like profile in a short period of time. More studies will be necessary to clarify the dynamic of EVs transfer and their long time effects.
445

Les cellules souches embryonnaires humaines, un modèle d’étude des étapes précoces de la lymphopoïèse / Human embryonic stem cells, a model to study the early steps of lymphopoiesis

Larbi, Aniya 26 March 2013 (has links)
Les cellules souches embryonnaires humaines (CSEh) sont des outils puissants pour explorer la genèse des différents tissus de l’organisme, notamment le tissu hématopoïétique. Dans le but d’obtenir des types cellulaires cliniquement utiles, la majorité des travaux se sont concentrés sur l’obtention des cellules hématopoïétiques terminales, notamment des cellules lymphoïdes (lymphocytes B, lymphocyte T et cellules NK), à partir des cellules souches pluripotentes humaines. En revanche, le rendement des cellules hématopoïétiques obtenues dans ce modèle reste faible. D’autre part, les étapes précoces de l’hématopoïèse, notamment l’identification de la cellule souche hématopoïétique (CSH), des progéniteurs myéloïdes et lymphoïdes à partir des cellules souches pluripotentes, sont encore très peu définies. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux étapes précoces de la lymphopoïèse dans le modèle des CSEh. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié le rôle de l’homéoprotéine HOXB4 dans l’expansion des progéniteurs NK dérivés des CSEh. Nous avons montré que l’exposition des cellules des corps embryonnaires (EB pour Embryoid Body), dérivées de la différenciation des CSEh, à la lignée MS-5/SP-HOXB4, une lignée modifiée qui exprime constitutivement HOXB4, induit une expansion des progéniteurs NK dérivées des CSEh. De plus, les cellules NK qui en dérivent sont matures et fonctionnelles, de part leur activité cytolytique vis-à-vis d’une lignée érythro-leucémique (K562). Outre l’effet de HOXB4 sur l’expansion des progéniteurs NK, cette étude a permis de démontrer en particulier le rôle de la lignée stromale MS-5 dans l’induction de la spécification lymphoïde à partir des CSEh. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons analysé plus précisément les étapes précoces de la lymphopoïèse humaine à partir des CSEh. En effet, nous avons montré, au cours de la première partie, que la coculture des cellules dérivées des EB avec MS-5 induit l’expression en surface du CD45RA, un marqueur de spécification lymphoïde, au sein des progéniteurs hématopoïétiques CD34+. Ainsi, sur la base de ces données et des données antérieurs concernant les étapes précoces de la lymphopoïèse humaine fœtale et adulte, nous avons identifié et caractérisé in vitro à partir des CSEh deux populations originales de progéniteurs lymphoïdes précoces multipotents (MELP pour Myeloid Early Lymphoid Progenitor): La progéniteur CD34+CD45RA+CD7+ dont le potentiel de différenciation est biaisé vers le lignage T et NK ; et le progéniteur CD34+CD45RA+CD7- a un potentiel de différenciation biaisé vers les lymphocytes B. Cette étude a un intérêt dans la compréhension du processus de la lymphopoïèse humaine dans le modèle des cellules souches pluripotentes. En perspective, ces données pourraient avoir également un intérêt dans la modélisation de maladie de défauts génétiques de développement du système lymphoïde. / Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are powerful tools to explore tissue genesis of the organism, especially hematopoietic tissue. In order to obtain cellular types clinically useful, the majority of works have been focalised on final output of hematopoietic cells, especially lymphoid cells (lymphocyte B, lymphocyte T and NK cells), from human pluripotent stem cells. However, the obtained hematopoietic cells yield is very poor. In the other hand, initial steps of hematopoiesis, especially the identification of the hematopoietic stem cell, myeloid and lymphoid progenitors, from pluripotent stem cells, are poorly defined. We were interested to early steps of lymphopoisis in the hESC model. Initially, we studied the role of HOXB4 homeprotein on CSEh-derived NK progenitor. We showed that exposure of embryoid body (EB), derived from hESC, to the modified line that express constitutively HOXB4 “MS-5/SP-HOXB4”, induce hESC-derived NK progenitor expansion. Furthermore, the derived NK cells are mature and fonctionnal, by cytolytic activity on erythro-leucemic line K562. Furthermore the effect of HOXB4 on NK progenitor expansion, this study demonstrated, particularly the role of MS-5 line on the lymphoid specification from hESC.Secondly, we analysed more precisely the early steps of human lymphopoiesis from hESC. We showed, in the first part, that MS-5 coculture of the EB-derived cells induce surface expression of CD45RA (marker of lymphoid specification) on hematopoietic progenitor CD34+. Thus, on the basis of these data and previous data concerning the initial steps of fetal and adult lymphopoiesis, we identified and characterized in vitro from hESC, two populations of multipotent early lymphoid progenitor (MELP): the CD34+CD45RA+CD7+ progenitor whose the differentiation potential is biased to T and NK lineage, and the CD34+CD45RA+CD7- progenitor has differentiation potential biased to B lineage. This study is essential in understanding of normal and pathological lymphopoisis process in pluripotent stem cells model. Additionally, this study paves the way for the modeling of genetic disorders of lymphoid system.
446

Envolvimento do fator de início de tradução de eucariotos 5A (elF5A) na diferenciação de células-tronco da musculatura esquelética / Involvement of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a (eif5a) in skeletal muscle stem cell differentiation.

Luchessi, Augusto Ducati 31 May 2007 (has links)
A proteína eIF5A apresenta um resíduo exclusivo de aminoácido chamado hipusina formado por modificação pós-traducional envolvendo espermidina como substrato. Neste estudo, observamos que a expressão de eIF5A é intensificada ao longo da diferenciação de células-tronco progenitoras de fibras musculares (células satélites) e que a inibição da hipusinação com GC7 bloqueia a diferenciação. Associado a esse bloqueio encontramos aumento do consumo de glicose e produção de lactato, diminuição da descarboxilação de glicose e palmitato, redução da proliferação celular e alteração do perfil traducional, efeitos que podem estar envolvidos na inibição do programa de diferenciação. Em seguida, o músculo tibial anterior de ratos foram criolesados e após severa supressão da expressão de eIF5A (período agudo de lesão) a mesma foi retomada ao longo da regeneração, chegando a quantidades superiores ao encontrado em músculos não lesados. Verificamos que a L-arginina, um supressor parcial do fenótipo distrófico e precursor de espermidina, reverte parcialmente o efeito de GC7. / eIF5A protein contains an exclusive amino acid residue named hypusine produced by a post-translational modification involving spermidine as substrate. In this study, we observed that eIF5A expression is raised during muscle fiber stem cells (satellite cells) differentiation and the hypusination inhibition by GC7 abolished the differentiation process. In association with this blockage, an increase in glucose consumption and lactate production, a decrease in glucose and palmitate decarboxylation, a reduction in cell proliferation and an alteration in translational profile were observed. These changes may be involved in the inhibition of the differentiation induced by GC7. The rat tibialis anterior muscle was injured and a marked reduction of eIF5A expression (acute injury period) was found. The expression of eIF5A was reestablished during regeneration, reaching higher levels than that observed in non injured muscle. We also verified that L-arginine, a partial suppressor of muscle dystrophic phenotype condition and precursor of spermidine, partially abolished the GC7 effects.
447

A self-optimised cloud radio access network for emerging 5G architectures

Khan, Muhammad January 2018 (has links)
Network densification has become a dominant theme for capacity enhancement in cellular networks. However, it increases the operational complexity and expenditure for mobile network operators. Consequently, the essential features of Self-Organising Networks (SON) are considered to ensure the economic viability of the emerging cellular networks. This thesis focuses on quantifying the benefits of self-organisation in Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) by proposing a flexible, energy efficient, and capacity optimised system. The Base Band Unit (BBU) and Remote Radio Head (RRH) map is formulated as an optimisation problem. A self-optimised C-RAN (SOCRAN) is proposed which hosts Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Discrete-Particle-Swarm-Optimisation algorithm (DPSO), developed for optimisation. Computational results based on different network scenarios demonstrate that DPSO delivers excellent performances for the key performance indicators compared to GA. The percentage of blocked users is reduced from 10.523% to 0.409% in a medium sized network scenario and 5.394% to 0.56% in a vast network scenario. Furthermore, an efficient resource utilisation scheme is proposed based on the concept of Cell Differentiation and Integration (CDI). The two-stage CDI scheme semi-statically scales the number of BBUs and RRHs to serve an offered load and dynamically defines the optimum BBU-RRH mapping to avoid unbalanced network scenarios. Computational results demonstrate significant throughput improvement in a CDI-enabled C-RAN compared to a fixed C-RAN, i.e., an average throughput increase of 45.53% and an average blocked users decrease of 23.149% is experienced. A power model is proposed to estimate the overall power consumption of C-RAN. Approximately 16% power reduction is calculated in a CDI-enabled C-RAN when compared to a fixed C-RAN, both serving the same geographical area. Moreover, a Divide-and-Sort load balancing scheme is proposed and compared to the SOCRAN scheme. Results show excellent performances by the Divide-and-Sort algorithm in small networks when compared to SOCRAN and K-mean clustering algorithm.
448

Análise dos efeitos da superexpressão do gene PROX1 em linhagem celular derivada de carcinoma epidermóide bucal / Analisys of PROX1 overexpression effects in an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line

Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro Rodrigues 15 December 2011 (has links)
Os genes homeobox são responsáveis por codificar proteínas nucleares que agem como fatores de transcrição durante o desenvolvimento embrionário, regulando proliferação e diferenciação celular. A expressão alterada do gene homeobox PROX1 já foi identificado em diferentes neoplasias, incluindo mama, esôfago, fígado, sistema biliar, linfomas e cavidade bucal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da superexpressão do gene PROX1 em linhagem celular derivada de carcinoma epidermóide bucal nos mecanismos de proliferação e diferenciação celular, apoptose e perfil global de expressão gênica. Após a superexpressão deste gene na linhagem celular SCC-9, foi realizada a análise de proliferação por meio dos ensaios de curva de proliferação celular, citometria de fluxo, índice de incorporação de BrdU ao DNA e expressão de Ki67. A diferenciação celular foi verificada por meio de reações imunocitoquímicas para as citoqueratinas 1, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18 e 19 e a apoptose foi avaliada por meio de células positivas para anexina-V e iodeto de propídeo. O ensaio de microarray foi realizado para avaliação do perfil global de expressão gênica na linhagem celular SCC9 com superexpressão do gene PROX1. Observou-se que a superexpressão do gene PROX1 promove redução da proliferação celular, bem como reduz a expressão das citoqueratinas 1, 13, 18 e 19. Não houve alteração na taxa de apoptose entre as células com superexpressão do gene PROX1 e controles. Os resultados do microarray revelaram a expressão diferencial significante de genes envolvidos com os processos de desenvolvimento, adesão e invasão celular. Desta maneira, estes resultados são fortemente sugestivos de que o gene PROX1 inibe a proliferação celular e contribui para a diferenciação do carcinoma epidermóide bucal. / Homeobox genes encode transcription factors with an important role during normal development by controlling cellular proliferation and differentiation. Altered expression of PROX1 homeobox gene is related to many cancers, including those of the breast, esophagus, liver, billiary system and lymphomas. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects of PROX1 overexpression, in an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line, on cellular proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis as well as gene expression prolfile. After overexpression of PROX1 gene in SCC9 cell line, proliferation was assessed by proliferation curve, flow citometry, BrdU incorporation to DNA and Ki67 expression. Cell differentiation was verified by immunocytochemistry to cytokeratins 1, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18 and 19 and apoptosis was measured by annexin V positive cells. Gene expression profile was analyzed by microarray in PROX1-overexpressing cells and control. PROX1-overexpressing cells showed a statistically significant decrease in proliferation as well cytokeratin 1, 13, 18 and 19 expression. No significant differences from controls and PROX1- overexpressing cells were observed in apoptosis. Microarray analyses showed differential expression of genes related to development, cellular adhesion an invasion. Our results strongly suggest that overexpression of PROX1 inhibit cell proliferation and contributes to differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
449

Análise dos efeitos da superexpressão do gene PROX1 em linhagem celular derivada de carcinoma epidermóide bucal / Analisys of PROX1 overexpression effects in an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line

Rodrigues, Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro 15 December 2011 (has links)
Os genes homeobox são responsáveis por codificar proteínas nucleares que agem como fatores de transcrição durante o desenvolvimento embrionário, regulando proliferação e diferenciação celular. A expressão alterada do gene homeobox PROX1 já foi identificado em diferentes neoplasias, incluindo mama, esôfago, fígado, sistema biliar, linfomas e cavidade bucal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da superexpressão do gene PROX1 em linhagem celular derivada de carcinoma epidermóide bucal nos mecanismos de proliferação e diferenciação celular, apoptose e perfil global de expressão gênica. Após a superexpressão deste gene na linhagem celular SCC-9, foi realizada a análise de proliferação por meio dos ensaios de curva de proliferação celular, citometria de fluxo, índice de incorporação de BrdU ao DNA e expressão de Ki67. A diferenciação celular foi verificada por meio de reações imunocitoquímicas para as citoqueratinas 1, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18 e 19 e a apoptose foi avaliada por meio de células positivas para anexina-V e iodeto de propídeo. O ensaio de microarray foi realizado para avaliação do perfil global de expressão gênica na linhagem celular SCC9 com superexpressão do gene PROX1. Observou-se que a superexpressão do gene PROX1 promove redução da proliferação celular, bem como reduz a expressão das citoqueratinas 1, 13, 18 e 19. Não houve alteração na taxa de apoptose entre as células com superexpressão do gene PROX1 e controles. Os resultados do microarray revelaram a expressão diferencial significante de genes envolvidos com os processos de desenvolvimento, adesão e invasão celular. Desta maneira, estes resultados são fortemente sugestivos de que o gene PROX1 inibe a proliferação celular e contribui para a diferenciação do carcinoma epidermóide bucal. / Homeobox genes encode transcription factors with an important role during normal development by controlling cellular proliferation and differentiation. Altered expression of PROX1 homeobox gene is related to many cancers, including those of the breast, esophagus, liver, billiary system and lymphomas. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects of PROX1 overexpression, in an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line, on cellular proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis as well as gene expression prolfile. After overexpression of PROX1 gene in SCC9 cell line, proliferation was assessed by proliferation curve, flow citometry, BrdU incorporation to DNA and Ki67 expression. Cell differentiation was verified by immunocytochemistry to cytokeratins 1, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18 and 19 and apoptosis was measured by annexin V positive cells. Gene expression profile was analyzed by microarray in PROX1-overexpressing cells and control. PROX1-overexpressing cells showed a statistically significant decrease in proliferation as well cytokeratin 1, 13, 18 and 19 expression. No significant differences from controls and PROX1- overexpressing cells were observed in apoptosis. Microarray analyses showed differential expression of genes related to development, cellular adhesion an invasion. Our results strongly suggest that overexpression of PROX1 inhibit cell proliferation and contributes to differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Estudo do potencial vascular de precursores de vasos coronários em sítio adulto. / Study of the vascular potential of coronary vessel precursors in adult site.

Oliveira, Bruno de 13 April 2011 (has links)
O Proepicárdio (PE) é uma estrutura transitória que dá origem aos componentes dos vasos coronários. Para avaliar seu potencial vascular em sítio adulto, transplantamos um coração neonatal para o pavilhão auricular de um animal adulto. Duas semanas depois, 2 PEs de embriões GFP+ foram transferidos para a superfície deste coração. Em outro grupo, transferimos os PEs diretamente para o pavilhão auricular. Para avaliar a incorporação de células GFP, e investigar sua diferenciação realizamos ensaios de imunofluorescência (IF) para GFP em combinação com outros marcadores. A adição do PE em sítio adulto teve como resultado a participação deste em processos de vasculogênese, iniciando a formação de novos vasos sanguíneos via formação de ilhotas sanguíneas e em um processo angiogênico, diferenciando-se em células endoteliais que se incorporaram aos vasos já existentes. Baseados nisso podemos afirmar que o PE possui potencial vasculogênico/angiogênico em sítio adulto, podendo ser exploradas como modelo para revascularização cardíaca e recuperação de tecidos vasculares. / The Proepicárdio (PE) is a transient structure giving rise to all components of the coronary vessels. To evaluate the vasculogenic potential of the PE in an adult site, a neonatal heart was transplanted into the subcutaneous of an adult ear Later, two PE from GFP-transgenic mice were transferred to the surface of this heart. In another group, we transferred the PEs directly into the ear pinna. To evaluate the incorporation of GFP cells derived from the PE, and to investigate their possible differentiation, we performed immunofluorescence (IF) for GFP in combination with other markers. The addition of PE in an adult site resulted in its participation in a vasculogenic and in an angiogenic processes. Based on this we conclude that PE cells can differentiate and likely participate in a neovascularization process when transplanted to adult sites. These findings demonstrate that the vasculogenic potential of the PE cells is conserved in an adult site and our model is adequate to study the mechanisms involved in the development and regeneration of vasculature.

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