Outcomes Based Education (OBE), has been, since its inception, fraught with problems. OBE in its very nature is complex. To fully embrace this method and ensure its success, schools must be able to make the necessary paradigm shift. This can only be achieved when schools receive relevant and empowering training, support and development. In other words, organisational development must be the key words. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of organisational development interventions on the implementation of OBE. The case study method was employed where it was realised that schools that received organisational development interventions, together with Outcomes Based Education, were able to implement this method with greater understanding, skill, and confidence. The investigation recommends an organisational development design that could be used instead of the cascade model, and provides suggestions on what can be done to ensure a more successful implementation process. / Educational Studies / M. Ed (Education Management)

Aujourd’hui, la quête de compétitivité est devenue une préoccupation quotidienne des entreprises car elle permet de maintenir et de gagner des parts de marché. Ce défi est complexe à relever pour la firme qui navigue dans un environnement en perpétuelle évolution, que ce soit au niveau des besoins de ses clients, de la concurrence, des transformations technologiques et des changements de modes de fonctionnement. L’essor des opérations de recentrage tactique des firmes sur leurs activités cœur de métier entraine de fait une augmentation significative de la part achetée dans le chiffre d’affaires, installant ainsi les directions achats comme contributrices clés au chiffre d’affaires et à la rentabilité. Cependant ce phénomène engendre des changements initiés et subis par l’acheteur qu’il doit piloter dans leurs déploiements. La fonction achat a donc dû s’adapter, se muer afin de répondre à ces nouveaux enjeux, pour se faire, elle a mis en œuvre une démarche de professionnalisation adaptée. Au travers de son évolution, elle est devenue une interface privilégiée entre l’entreprise et les marchés fournisseurs permettant ainsi une meilleure qualification de ces derniers en fonction des besoins (marketing achat), en leur procurant de nouveaux leviers de compétitivité comme l’innovation et en développant le «capital fournisseurs». Néanmoins la fonction achat globalement n’a pas encore atteint son niveau de maturité le plus élevé dans tous les secteurs d’activité. La vocation de notre recherche est donc de déterminer et comprendre de façon exploratoire le rôle de la professionnalisation de la fonction et plus particulièrement du marketing achat, de l’innovation et de la conduite du changement dans la compétitivité de l’entreprise. Pour cela, notre étude s’est appuyée sur un modèle conceptuel et des hypothèses via une analyse mixte auprès d’une population de 174 personnes issues majoritairement de la fonction achat. Nos apports viennent enrichir le corps théorique du management de la fonction achat, de la professionnalisation, du marketing achat, de la conduite du changement, de l’innovation, et de la compétitivité. D’un point de vue managérial, notre recherche constitue une incitation à reconsidérer le management de la fonction achat pour bénéficier de tout son potentiel de création de valeur. / Vocation of our research, is to determine and understand in an exploratory way the role of the professionalization of the function and more particularly of purchasing marketing, innovation and change management on companies’ competitiveness. To proceed, our study was based on a conceptual model and assumptions via a mixed analysis to a population of 174 people mainly from the purchasing function. Our contributions come to enrich the theoretical corpus by management from the purchasing function, the professionalization, purchasing marketing, change management, innovation, and competitiveness. From a managerial point of view, our research establishes an incentive to reconsider the management of the purchasing function to take benefit of all its value creation potential.

In 2016, the three Auditors General of the Swedish National Audit Office asked to be relieved of their positions after a period of intense criticism in the media. Swedish journalists had revealed that they all three had acted in ways that were not compatible with the office, and even in some cases against anti-corruption rules. However, it was also revealed that the staff resistance to the organisational change brought about by the three auditors had also contributed to the ongoing conflict within the agency. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of the situation within the agency and of how the change management methods used caused a conflict between the staff and the organisational leadership. I look into how the organisational transformation was accomplished and what the consequences were for performance auditors as a profession. The material consists primarily of interviews with employees of the performance audit department of the Swedish National Audit Office, and has been supplemented with independent audits of the organisational change within the agency and with media coverage. The material is analysed from the perspective of theories of change management as well as professionalism and new managerialism. The analysis of the gathered materials demonstrates that the change management and the resulting new working situation for the performance auditors was brought about through a leadership that ran roughshod over the professional needs and complaints of the performance auditors. It is highly likely that this is the critical reason for the crisis that occurred within the institution and later led to the resignation of the Auditors General. It seems, in fact, that the employees of the agency turned to media with compromising information because they wished to remove the leadership for other reasons. The outside pressure and lack of support from within the organisation made it then impossible for the auditors to continue in their positions.

Submitted by paulo junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-03-09T21:17:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia dos Santos.pdf: 977688 bytes, checksum: 9e6fe91d2790db95dce8e99b8103981a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by paulo junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-03-09T21:17:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia dos Santos.pdf: 977688 bytes, checksum: 9e6fe91d2790db95dce8e99b8103981a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-03-11T18:01:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia dos Santos.pdf: 977688 bytes, checksum: 9e6fe91d2790db95dce8e99b8103981a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-21 / This study aims to verify whether and to what degree the criteria proposed by Kotter to the implantation of an information security culture were attended at Petrobras. Petrobras, for several years, was an oil country-wide state company. As in several other companies, with the internationalization process, more players with interests in valuable information started interacting with the company. The necessity of conducting a change management process to implant an information security culture was verified. The model defined by Kotter has eight steps that, if followed, guarantee a successful change. In order to achieve the study’s purpose, bibliographic research and Petrobras’ files and documents research and field research were done. The period of study was from 2002 until 2009. The process evaluation has shown some fails at the steps defined by Kotter. It is possible to mention: high complacency; sense of urgency attributed only in the first moment; long-term vision was not widely declared; the reason of change was not explicit throughout time; information security organization structure in the fields is still deficient; there was not complete alignment of the company’s management systems; the existence of structures and systems that make the evaluation of the actions and the recognition of the people involved in the cultural change process more difficult; and lack of worrying in commemorating short-term achievements. / O estudo objetivou verificar até que ponto foi atendido o critério proposto por Kotter para a implantação de uma cultura de segurança da informação na Petrobras. A Petrobras, durante muitos anos, foi uma empresa estatal de petróleo com atuação nacional. Assim como diversas outras empresas, com o advento do processo de internacionalização, mais atores com interesses por informações valiosas começaram a interagir com a empresa. Verificava-se a necessidade de conduzir um processo de gestão da mudança para implantar uma cultura de segurança da informação. O modelo definido por Kotter possui oito etapas que, se seguidas, podem garantir uma mudança bem-sucedida. Para atingir o objetivo do estudo, utilizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental em arquivos e documentos da Petrobras e pesquisa de campo. O período analisado foi de 2002 a 2009. A avaliação do processo indicou que algumas falhas foram encontradas nas etapas definidas por Kotter. Pode-se citar: complacência alta; senso de urgência atribuído somente no primeiro momento; visão de longo prazo não foi amplamente declarada; o porquê da mudança, ao longo do tempo, não ficou explícito; estrutura organizacional de segurança da informação nas áreas ainda é deficiente; não houve total alinhamento dos sistemas de gestão da empresa; existência de estruturas e sistemas que dificultam a avaliação das ações e reconhecimento dos envolvidos no processo de mudança cultural e pouca preocupação em comemorar as conquistas de curto prazo.

The 21st century is characterised by globalisation, turbulent change, an information explosion and an electronic revolution. The result is organisations with decentralised structures, increased employee empowerment and growth alliances. This changing landscape calls for a more holistic, collaborative outlook on leadership, placing the emphasis on relationships, context and transformation where leadership occurs at multiple levels in organisations. While organisations work towards future sustainability in response to the demands of this landscape, leaders are faced with their own personal transition within their roles. Leadership is a socially constructed process that is co-created amidst pressure from self-expectations, follower expectations and organisational requirements. Leadership as a boundary-keeping role that functions on the periphery between the organisation and the external environment, evokes anxiety. The researcher sought to explore, describe and analyse the lived leadership role experience of 21st century leaders as it plays out above and below the surface of consciousness. At the conscious level, the normative role refers to job description and content. At the unconscious level, the existential role deals with the role in the mind of the individual, while the phenomenal role relates to what others perceive and project onto the individual fulfilling the role. The level of congruence between these three roles and its consequent impact on the individual leadership experience were explored. Hermeneutic phenomenology, using the systems psychodynamic perspective as a theoretical framework, enabled the researcher to apply in-depth description and interpretation. A case study research approach was adopted where individual cases were analysed and then consolidated into a cross-case analysis of findings. The study revealed the underlying mental activity and irrational behaviour relating to anxiety, conflict and defences that manifest for 21st century leaders. By integrating the findings with both systems psychodynamic literature and leadership literature, nine themes emerged, namely anxiety, leadership identity, boundaries, authority, role, task, containment, valence and perceived performance. These themes culminated in a research hypothesis about the constant evolution of the leadership role in the context of the current business landscape. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Consulting Psychology)

Inclusion has been adopted by the South African Department of Education as the policy for special needs· learners. This study explores the role of education managers in independent Christian schools in implementing this policy. A literature review and data gathered from interviews with principals of Christian schools which practise inclusion reveal that education managers have a vital role to play by offering leadership and vision to the inclusive school. They control the human and material resources required to bring about change towards greater inclusivity. Their accepting attitudes communicate to the community that all learners can belong in a school willing to accommodate them. The Biblical values that give the Christian school its reason for existence makes reaching out to those with special needs an imperative. Practical strategies for implementing inclusion are discussed in the context of organisational development and the management of change. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

This study investigated strategic change management in the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) during the period 1994 until 2014. Theoretical perspectives on strategic management, institutional culture, leadership and strategic change management in the SANDF were discussed. In addition, a historical perspective on the evolution of South African military culture was given. The study found that a transactional leadership approach was used to transform the SANDF. This transactional leadership approach is commensurate with the preservation of the status quo without radically transforming the institution. On the contrary, the transactional leadership approach fits in well in transforming an institution with a view to bring about a new composite institutional culture, drawn from the integrated institutions. The strategic change management as applied in the SANDF has not succeeded in creating a unified inclusive military culture of the seven former armed forces, from 1994 until 2014. The research has also shown that the institutional culture of the SANDF does not reflect the shared assumptions, beliefs and values of all integrated armed forces. However, the study concluded that transformation in the SANDF as a planned strategic change intervention has not been managed adequately between 1994 and 2014, to achieve the desired results. / Public Administration / D. P. L.

The study was conducted to determine the key obstacles to strategy implementation at the Social Security Commission. The objective was to establish various factors that inhibit successful strategy implementation and explore alternative approaches that could be adopted to facilitate effective implementation of strategic decisions. The data was collected through questionnaires distributed to the personnel of the institution. 34 respondents out of a population of 56 participated in the study. The results showed serious lack of change management practice which could be regarded as the reason why resistance to change from the majority of the personnel is being experienced. Indications are also prevalent from the results obtained that show lack of ownership of the implementation process. In addition, lack of commitment to achieve positive results, lack of control of the implementation plan, ineffective information sharing methods as well as negative organizational culture are influencing the outcome of the strategy implementation process. / Business Management / M. Tech. (Business Administration)

This thesis is a study of the extent of ICT literacy among secondary school principals in the Western province of Kenya. A contemporary issue in the improvement of quality in school leadership relates to use of ICT; the assumption is that improving leadership is the key to good school performance. The research was triggered by the need for quality among secondary school principals and their preparedness to cope with technology change. A mixed mode methods research was conducted involving both quantitative and qualitative approaches. In this research 188 secondary school principals in the Western province were used for data analysis. An empirical investigation was conducted. School principals responded to questionnaire 1 which investigated ICT literacy. Deputy principals responded to questionnaire 2 which investigated school performance. Open-ended questions, semi-structured interviews and observation schedules were used to obtain qualitative data. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Education Management)

The objective of the study was to quantify the evolving scope of quality management as practiced in a sample of companies in South Afiica, and to correlate this with corporate profitability. The empirical data in this study suggests that a more extensive scope of application and practice of quality management and related management practices is related to better organisational profitability. The significant correlations which were demonstrated are: • A focus on results by companies is inversely correlated with Operating Profit Margin. • Quality training, employee communications and internal coordination correlates positively with Net Profit Margin. • The rigorous use of quality standards correlates positively with Net Profit Margin. • Quality control and monitoring correlates positively with Return on Equity. Recommendations flowing from this study include that a broader paradigm of quality management is required, expressed as an integrated model for innovation and change which is holistic rather than fragmented. / Economics / M. Com. (Business Economics)