In the euro area, the changeover to the euro was accompanied by fears of increases in prices by consumers. However, in most countries the changeover had barely any effect on inflation indices, but a significant effect on perceived inflation and even now people still believe that the price increase was more dramatic than it was in reality. This paper examines the situation in the Czech Republic, being one of the last countries in the EU which have not adapted the euro yet. I am especially interested in finding whether a changeover would lead to price increases even though Czech citizens have got plenty of time to indirectly familiarize with the euro currency. The analysis is based on a laboratory experiment. With this method I am studying the effects of transition to euro on consumer behavior. In addition, I compare the results (indirectly) with those of other European countries. Under the framework of posted price experiment, it can be concluded that, in the particular sample, the changeover to euro currency does in fact affect the outcome of trade at least temporarily. In this case, the changeover from CZK to EUR leads to elevation of prices and reduction of the traded quantities, especially right after the changeover. The main reason for this is that the producers (sellers) tried to exploit the changeover situation in order to increase their profits. All the presented results are significant at 5% level.

Det här projektet har under våren 2021 utförts som ett examensarbete på uppdrag av ETP Transmission AB. Företaget är beläget i Linköping och producerar hydrauliska axel-/navförband till flera olika marknader och användningsområden. Enkelheten att montera och applicera samt deras höga kvalitet är något som utmärker produkterna.  Syftet var att undersöka och utarbeta förbättringsförslag för företagets omställningsprocesser, framför allt vid lågvolymstillverkning. Målet var att försöka reducera ställtiden med 25–50%. För att uppnå det användes metoden Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) som är ett verktyg för att reducera ställtider. Valet av SMED gjordes efter en litteraturstudie där metoden visat goda resultat i liknande projekt. Nuläget analyserades med videoupptagning, spaghettidiagram och intervjuer med anställda. Det filmade materialet bearbetades i programvaran AviX, där omställningsarbetet kunde brytas ner i operationer och sorteras som inre eller yttre ställ. De största orsakerna till de nuvarande ställtiderna var verktygsbyten inklusive kalibrering samt programskrivning för nya produkter under omställningsprocessen. Med kunskap från teorin och framtagandet av nulägesanalysen utarbetades förbättringsförslag. De olika förslagens styrkor och svagheter analyseras samt vilken trolig effekt de skulle ha vid ett implementerande. För att tydligare illustrera förbättringsförslagens förväntade effekt samt belysa den arbetsinsats som krävs för att implementera dem, gjordes en PICK-analys. Resultatet visade att den enskilt bästa lösningen var att fokusera på samkörning av produkter med liknande verktygsuppsättning. Den teoretiska förbättringen för ETP Transmission AB:s mest sålda produkt var en ställtidsreducering med ca 30%. Ett ännu bättre teoretiskt resultat erhölls då förbättringsförslagen kombinerades. För produktgruppen Express gav en sådan kombinationslösning en teoretisk reducering på ca 47%.  Slutligen belyser rapporten vikten av att jobba med Lean och mäta mer i produktionen. / This bachelor thesis has been made during the spring of 2021 on behalf of ETP Transmission AB. The company is located in Linköping, Sweden and produces hydraulic hub-/shaft connectors for several different markets and applications. What defines their products is the high quality along with the quick and simple assembly/disassembly. The purpose was to examine and develop improvements for the company’s changeovers, especially for the low volume manufacturing. The aim was to reduce the changeover times with 25-50%. To achieve this the method SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) was used which is a Lean tool to help reduce changeover times. The choice of using SMED was made after conducting a literature study where it was shown to have great results in similar projects.  The current state was analysed using video, spaghetti charts and interviews with the employees. The software AviX was used to break down the changeovers into internal and external operations. Tool changes and programming of the machines during the changeover were found to be greatest time consumers.  By using the theory and analysing the current state, different improvement suggestions were developed. The strengths and weaknesses of the improvements were evaluated and visualized with the use of a PICK-chart. What was found to be the greatest improvement was to group similar products which use the same machine tools. A theoretical changeover time reduction for one of ETP Transmission AB most sold product group was estimated to be approx. 30%. If all the suggested improvements were to be implemented, it would theoretically reduce the changeover time by approx. 47%.  Lastly, the report highlights the importance of working with Lean and to measure more of the production.

No description available.

The present study provides a description of the standardization process of Persian orthography since the introduction of the Arabic alphabet, with a focus on this process in modern times (1850-2000). Using theories related to orthography standardization as its background, this work seeks an explanation for the prolonged standardization process of Persian orthography, and presents the frameworks within which this standardization has been carried out. The most recent state of Persian orthography is presented through an investigation of the current attitudes towards the problems of Persian orthography and possible frameworks for a potential reform, as well as through an investigation of the current tendencies in the manner of presenting different orthographic parameters within Persian contemporary texts. How and by whom the orthography of today’s Persian texts is governed is another aspect to be examined here. The most important conclusion to be drawn from the present study is that there is a strong tendency towards approving reform proposals that can be integrated with the present orthography, and maintain the present appearance of Persian orthography as much as possible. One of the main reasons behind this tendency is the concern of an interruption in cultural continuity in the event of an alphabet reform or any other drastic change in the present appearance of the orthography. This concern takes into account the political, social, cultural, structural, and economic conditions in Iran, as well as the complexity of language planning projects.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01 Capa e Contra C.pdf: 10620 bytes, checksum: 291b6ea63b2fc7d85dbc08e5b7a4108f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work focuses on the changeover process from printed short story to TV broadcast, based on the TV series Contos da Meia Noite [CMN], produced and broadcasted by TV Cultura a Padre Anchieta Foundation s network. Starting with the short story concept and gathering information from the series first year, the final result is 89 episodes. The goal of this series is to understand the CMN specifications used in the content analysis, specifically: the introduction text, a short story, and the final credits, in a 10 episodes sample. Included is an interview with Fernando Martins, creator of the TV series. This new changeover proposal can be considered as a TV broadcast possibility of keeping both the short narrative s authorship and the printed book style.(AU) / Este trabalho enfoca o processo de transmutação do conto literário para a televisão, utilizando a série Contos da Meia Noite [CMN], produzida e exibida pela TV Cultura de São Paulo uma emissora da Fundação Padre Anchieta. Inicialmente, busca-se conceituar a noção de Conto, e em seguida, faz-se um levantamento da veiculação do primeiro ano da série, o que totaliza o corpus de 89 programas. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de compreender a especificidade dos CMN enquanto uma proposta de transmutação do literário para o televisivo. Para isso é adotado, além de uma entrevista semi-estruturada com Fernando Martins - um dos realizadores da série o procedimento de análise de conteúdo, que detalha: o texto de abertura, a oralização e os créditos finais de uma amostra formada por 10 programas. Com isso, pode-se considerar nesta nova proposta de transmutação a possibilidade televisiva de manter a autoria da narrativa curta e seu estilo original estabelecido pelo suporte livro.(AU)

This thesis deals with examination of the efficiency of the use of the selected machine in the company HARTMANN – RICO, and presents proposals of its increase through lean production methods. The introductory section offers a description of the company's business activities. The theoretical part summarizes the most important findings and methods of lean production. The analytical part examines the machine in terms of production process and subsequently offers an analysis of the current state conducted in order to find bottlenecks in production. The practical part presents proposals of lean production methods implementation with the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the machine.

Till följd av Covid-19-pandemin har sjukvården i Sverige fått bära mycket stor belastning, samtidigt som den globala efterfrågan och användningen av personlig skyddsutrustning (PPE) kraftigt ökat. Under våren 2020 har den globala handeln upplevt störningar, vilket haft inverkan på leveransen av PPE till sjukvården. Studiens mål var att undersöka vad den inhemska industrin behöver för att ställa om en produktion till att leverera kvalitetssäkrade skyddsprodukter till samhällsviktiga funktioner i ett läge av kris. Metoden har gått ut på litteratur- och fallstudie av en medicinteknisk (MD) operationsrock, samt en intervjustudie med ett antal nyckelpersoner kopplade till produktionsomställning (PO) under pandemins utveckling. Studien resulterade i följande verktyg inför en PO för att snabbt leverera kritiska produkter i en tid av kris.- Beredskapspyramid kopplad till samordning av produktionen.- Producenttriangel kopplad till behov och förutsättningar för den inhemska produktionsindustrin.- Textilteknisk analys av produktionsprocessen för engångs operationsrockar. En slutsats från studien var att för en snabb PO, behövs en tydlig behovsbild med klara ansvarsfördelningar. Den inhemska industrin har skilda förutsättningar för omställning till de höga kvalitetskraven vilka följer produktionen av PPE och MD. Genom att analysera produktionsprocessen för efterfrågade produkter i kris förtydligas vilka parter eller processer som behöver samordnas för en inhemsk produktion. Vidare arbete kan vara utformning av strategisk plan, redo att användas när krisen bryter ut. En samordnad, proaktiv och resurseffektiv beredskap anses öka möjligheten till en miljövänlig PO, då producenter kan anpassa sin omställning enligt prioriterade krav. / As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Swedish healthcare system has had to carry a heavy burden, while the global demand and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) has increased. During the spring of 2020, global trade experienced disruptions, which has had an impact on the delivery of PPE to the healthcare system. The study's goal was to investigate what the domestic industry needs to initiate a production changeover to deliver quality-assured products to the socially important functions in a crisis situation. The method is based on a literature- and case study together with an interview study with key personnel linked to production changeovers (PO) during the pandemic. The study resulted in the following tools for a PO to quickly deliver critical products in a time of crisis:- A contingency pyramid regarding coordination of production.- A producer triangle regarding the needs and prerequisites for the domestic production industry.- A textile-technical analysis of the production process for single-use surgical gowns. Conclusions from the study were that in order to coordinate a fast and resource efficient PO, a clear overview of demands with clear responsibilities is needed. The changeover conditions for the domestic industry varies following the high-quality requirements for producing PPE and MD. By analysing the production process for requested products in various crises, the conditions for which parties or processes need to be coordinated for domestic production are clarified. Further studies can be development of a strategic plan ready to implement when the crisis breaks out. A coordinated, proactive and effective contingency is considered enabling an environmentally friendly PO, as producers can adapt their changeover according to prioritized demands.

Studien syftar till att besvara frågeställningarna: Hur och varför används läxor i matematikundervisningen på det sätt som det görs idag? Hur uppfattar svenska lärare internationell forskning kring läxor i matematikämnet? Detta görs genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där verksamma matematiklärare i årskurserna 4-6 intervjuats gällande deras uppfattningar och erfarenheter kring läxor i matematik och internationell forskning. Resultatet är tolkat utifrån den fenomenologiska tolkningsprocessen och analyserat med hjälp av en tematisk analysmetod. Resultatet av studien visar att väldigt få läxor används i svenska skolan, där mängdträning är det som står i fokus. Detta för att det anses att läxor ska användas för att befästa befintlig kunskap och inte skapa ny kunskap. Lärarna visade delade åsikter gällande den internationella forskning som presenterades under intervjuerna. Den internationella forskningen som presenterades tog upp problematiken gällande läxläsning i olika länder och en forskning skapade en lösning på problematiken. Majoriteten av de svenska lärarna tyckte att lösningen som forskning föreslog lät bra i teorin men fann flera problematiska punkter för att det skulle kunna appliceras i praktiken. De punkter de svenska lärarna tar upp blir en fråga för skolorganisationen och blir därför grunden i den forskning som behöver göras inom forskningsområdet.

- - 157 - - RESUMÉ or SUMMARY Keywords: Czech National Bank, National Changeover Plan, relationship, commercial banks, banking sector, financial market, europe structure of the banking sector, communication, responsibility of the CNB, non-financial sector, consumer protection, legislation - responsibility of the Ministry of Justice My dissertation thesis starts from the analysis of czech central banking, its history and role in modern europe economy. It refers to old famous,, historiae magistra vitae", because only problems, which had central banking in history, created central banking today. Special chapter is devoted to the Czech National Bank. The Czech National Bank is the central bank of the Czech Republic and the supervisor of the Czech financial market. It is established under the Constitution of the Czech Republic and carries out its activities in compliance with Act No. 6/1993 Coll., on the Czech National Bank and other regulations. It manages the assets entrusted to it by the state independently and with due diligence. Interventions in its activities are only permissible on the basis of a law. The supreme governing body of the CNB is the Bank Board, consisting of the CNB Governor, two Vice- Governors and four Chief Executive Directors. All Bank Board members are appointed by the President of the...

- - 179 - - RESUMÉ or SUMMARY Keywords: Czech National Bank, National Changeover Plan, relationship, commercial banks, banking sector, financial market, europe structure of the banking sector, communication, responsibility of the CNB, non-financial sector, consumer protection, legislation - responsibility of the Ministry of Justice My dissertation thesis starts from the analysis of czech central banking, its history and role in modern europe economy. It refers to old famous,, historiae magistra vitae", because only problems, which had central banking in history, created central banking today. Special chapter is devoted to the Czech National Bank. The Czech National Bank is the central bank of the Czech Republic and the supervisor of the Czech financial market. It is established under the Constitution of the Czech Republic and carries out its activities in compliance with Act No. 6/1993 Coll., on the Czech National Bank and other regulations. It manages the assets entrusted to it by the state independently and with due diligence. Interventions in its activities are only permissible on the basis of a law. The supreme governing body of the Czech National Bank is the Bank Board, consisting of the Czech National Bank Governor, two Vice-Governors and four Chief Executive Directors. All Bank Board members are...