Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fernando Heering Bartoloni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia/Química, Santo André, 2018. / No presente trabalho estudou-se a aplicabilidade de fluorescencia (FL) e quimiluminescencia (CL) para a determinacao de mecanismos de reacao envolvendo esteres, um deles um ester derivado de lofina. A lofina e seus derivados, em geral, apresentam rendimentos quanticos de fluorescencia (¿³FL) com valores relativamente altos (¿³FL > 0,1), tornando essas moleculas amplamente utilizadas em estudos CL e FL. A decomposicao do ester de lofina (acetato de 4-(4,5-difenil-1H-imidazol-2-il)fenila, 1) foi estudada em meio alcalino alcoolico utilizando como solventes MeOH e iPrOH, e como bases HO., tBuO., DBU e TEA. Duas metodologias de acompanhamento de cinetica por emissao foram comparadas: observando a formacao do produto (¿Éex = 350 nm e ¿Éem = 475 nm) e o consumo do ester 1 (¿Éex = 300 nm e ¿Éem = 400 nm). Ambas apresentaram resultados equivalentes para as constantes de velocidade observadas. Tanto em MeOH quanto em iPrOH, o possivel mecanismo ocorre por uma via classica BAC2, envolvendo a base conjugada do solvente (i.e., MeO. ou iPrO.) como nucleofilo, gerada por CBE quando HO., tBuO. e DBU foram empregados como catalisadores (kbim = 4,5.6,5 L mmol.1 s.1). Para TEA, uma constante kbim tres ordens de grandeza inferior foi obtida, representando uma possivel mudanca no mecanismo de reacao, provavelmente, para catalise nucleofilica. A solvolise neutra do ester se mostrou particularmente significativa quando baixas concentracoes de catalisador foram utilizadas. Na segunda parte deste trabalho, referente a reacao peroxioxalato, a degradacao do oxalato de bis(2,4,6-triclorofenila) (TCPO) foi estudada em MeOH e comparada ao sistema classico (em EtOAc, com catalise por imidazol). Ensaios cineticos de emissao e absorcao permitiram verificar que a metanolise se mostrou proeminente frente a peridrolise. Por ensaios de absorcao, foi possivel determinar que a primeira eliminacao de um residuo fenolico ocorre mais rapidamente que a segunda (kABS1 > kABS2), contrariamente ao observado no sistema classico, tanto para metanolise quanto peridrolise. Observou-se que a adicao de EtOAc ao meio protico polar muda o comportamento cinetico da reacao, aproximando-o ao do sistema classico. Propos-se um modelo cinetico final, indicando quais etapas sao lentas, rapidas e muito rapidas, dentro do processo estudado. / The use of fluorescence (CL) and chemiluminescence (FL) for the determination of reaction mechanisms involving esters was studied in this work, one of them is a lophine derived ester. Lophine and its derivatives generally have quantum fluorescence yields (ÖFL) with relatively high values (ÖFL> 0.1), making these molecules widely used in CL and FL studies. The decomposition of a lophine derived ester (4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl acetate, 1) was studied in basic alcoholic media using MeOH and iPrOH as solvents, and HO¿, tBuO¿, DBU and TEA as bases. Two methodologies for tracking emission kinetics were compared: observing product formation (ëex = 350 nm and ëem = 475 nm) and ester 1 consumption (ëex = 300 nm and ëem = 400 nm). Both methods showed equivalent results for the obtained observed rate constants. Possibly the reaction mechanism follows a BAC2 pathway, in both MeOH and iPrOH, involving the solvent conjugate base (i.e., MeO¿ or iPrO¿) as nucleophile, generated by SBC when HO¿, tBuO¿ and DBU were used as catalysts (kbim = 4.5¿6.5 L mmol¿1 s¿1). For TEA, the obtained kbim was three orders of magnitude smaller, indicating a possible change in reaction mechanism, probably to nucleophilic catalysis. The ester¿s neutral solvolysis showed to be particularly significant when low concentrations of catalyst were used. At the second section of this work, regarding the peroxyoxalate reaction, the degradation of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO) was studied in MeOH and compared to the classical system (in EtOAc, with imidazole catalysis). Emission and absorption kinetic assays allowed to conclude that methanolysis overcomes perhydrolysis. Through absorption measurements, it was possible to verify that the elimination of the first phenolic residue occurs faster than the second (kABS1 > kABS2), contrarily to the observation in the classical system, for both methanolysis and perhydrolysis. It was observed that the addition of EtOAc to the protic polar media changes the kinetical behavior of the reaction, approximating it to the classical system. A final kinetic model was proposed, stating which are the slow, fast and very fast steps, within the studied process.

As proteínas são consideradas importantes alvos para os oxidantes, devido à abundância em sistemas biológicos e às altas constantes de reações com estas espécies. Adicionalmente, têmse demonstrado que o triptofano (W) é um aminoácido extremamente susceptível a oxidação, inclusive pelo oxigênio singlete (1O2). A reação do W com o 1O2 tem despertado o interesse de diversos pesquisadores. Recentemente, esta reação tem atraído mais atenção, uma vez que produtos de oxidação do W tais como N-formilquinurenina (FMK) e quinurenina (kn) têm sido associados com algumas condições patológicas, tais como o desenvolvimento de catarata e a formação de agregados covalentes da superóxido dismutase envolvidos na esclerose lateral amiotrófica. Entretanto, há poucos trabalhos enfocando detalhadamente as reações, com estudos de estabilidade, identificação de subprodutos e propostas mecanísticas. Desta forma, pretendemos com este trabalho contribuir no esclarecimento do mecanismo de oxidação do triptofano pelo 1O2, através da análise e caracterização de produtos de oxidação gerados. Com este intuito, dois hidroperóxidos de triptofano isômeros (WOOH cis e trans, em relação ao grupamento carboxila) foram completamente caracterizados por análises de HPLC/espectrometria de massa e RMN como os principais produtos de oxidação do W pelo 1O2. Estes hidroperóxidos demonstraram ser relativamente estáveis às temperaturas ambiente e fisiológica, decompondo lentamente para os alcoóis correspondentes. O aumento do pH e/ou o aquecimento das soluções contendo os WOOH leva a decomposição quimiluminescente dos WOOH à FMK. Utilizando hidroperóxidos isotopicamente marcados com [18O] (W18O18OH) foi possível confirmar que a FMK formada durante esta decomposição era marcada com dois átomos de oxigênio. Este resultado demonstra que os dois átomos da FMK são derivados do grupamento hidroperóxido. Em adição, estas reações são quimiluminescentes, sugerindo o envolvimento de um intermediário dioxetano. Este mecanismo foi confirmado uma vez que o espectro de quimiluminescência da decomposição dos WOOH pode ser sobreposto ao espectro de fluorescência da FMK, inequivocamente identificado a FMK como a espécie emissora. Dioxindoilalaninas diastereoisoméricas também foram caracterizadas como produtos de oxidação do triptofano pelo 102; uma possível via radicalar foi excluída. Em suma, este estudo contribuiu na elucidação das bases químicas envolvidas na oxidação do triptofano por 102, através da caracterização dos produtos formados e da investigação detalhada dos mecanismos de decomposição destes produtos. / Proteins have been considered important targets for reactive oxygen species. Indeed, tryptophan (W) has been shown to be a highly susceptible amino acid to many oxidizing agents, including singlet molecular oxygen (1O2). The reaction of 1O2 with W has long been a matter of concern, and has recently attracted considerably more attention because W-derived oxidation products such as N-formylkynurenine (FMK) and kynurenine (kn) have been associated with some pathological conditions such as the development of cataracts and the formation of covalent aggregates of superoxide dismutase, which has been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Despite the intense interest in the mechanism of W oxidation, there are a lot of gaps that remains to be elucidated. In this context, the current study was undertaken to investigate the chemical basis involved in W oxidation by 1O2. We are concerned about the chemistry of the initially formed hydroperoxides, their stability, further reactions and the mechanism leading to FMK conversion. With this purpose, two cis and trans tryptophan hydroperoxide (WOOH) isomers were completely characterized by HPLC/mass spectrometry and NMR analyses as the major W-oxidation photoproducts. Also, they were shown to be relatively stable at ambient and physiological temperatures, leading to a slow decomposition to the corresponding alcohols. Increasing the pH or heating the solutions gives rise to a luminescent decomposition of the WOOH to FMK. Using 18O-labeled hydroperoxides (W18O18OH), it was possible to confirm the formation of a two-oxygen-labeled FMK molecule derived from W18O18OH decomposition. This result shows that both oxygen atoms in FMK are derived from the hydroperoxide group. In addition, these reactions are chemiluminescent (CL), indicating a dioxetane cleavage pathway. This mechanism was confirmed since the CL spectrum of the WOOH decomposition matched the FMK fluorescence spectrum, unequivocally identifying FMK as the emitting species. Diastereoisomeric dioxindoyalanine were also characterized as oxidation products derived from the reaction of W with 1O2. The involvement of radicals in this reaction was excluded. In summary, this work offers further insights into the chemistry involved in W-oxidation, through the characterization of photoproducts and the detailed investigation about the decomposition mechanism of these products.

A new Ph.D research project was started early October into the Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering at Luleå University of Technology (LTU) by Sarah CONRAD under the direction of Johan INGRI. The part of this project in which I participed was the determination of the concentration of Fe (II) by flow injection analysis using chemiluminescence in the Bothnia Bay. The missions were to handle the instrument and the software and to prepare also some sample standards for the calibration of the FIA. The stream water is first sampled and filtered. Then the water, containing either just the natural iron in the water or after addition of artificial iron, is analyzed by flow injection analysis in combination with luminol. The results are saved on the laptop and interpreted later. The experiments were performed on both the field and the laboratory of the University. / <p>Validerat; 20131008 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>

The continuing need for greater energy security and energy independence has motivated researchers to develop new energy technologies for better energy resource management and efficient energy usage. The focus of this dissertation is the development of optical (spectroscopic) sensing methodologies for various fuels, and energy applications. A fiber-optic NIR sensing methodology was developed for predicting water content in bio-oil. The feasibility of using the designed near infrared (NIR) system for estimating water content in bio-oil was tested by applying multivariate analysis to NIR spectral data. The calibration results demonstrated that the spectral information can successfully predict the bio-oil water content (from 16% to 36%). The effect of ultraviolet (UV) light on the chemical stability of bio-oil was studied by employing laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy. To simulate the UV light exposure, a laser in the UV region (325 nm) was employed for bio-oil excitation. The LIF, as a signature of chemical change, was recorded from bio-oil. From this study, it was concluded that phenols present in the bio-oil show chemical instability, when exposed to UV light. A laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)-based optical sensor was designed, developed, and tested for detection of four important trace impurities in rocket fuel (hydrogen). The sensor can simultaneously measure the concentrations of nitrogen, argon, oxygen, and helium in hydrogen from storage tanks and supply lines. The sensor had estimated lower detection limits of 80 ppm for nitrogen, 97 ppm for argon, 10 ppm for oxygen, and 25 ppm for helium. A chemiluminescence-based spectroscopic diagnostics were performed to measure equivalence ratios in methane-air premixed flames. A partial least-squares regression (PLS-R)-based multivariate sensing methodology was investigated. It was found that the equivalence ratios predicted with the PLS-R-based multivariate calibration model matched with the experimentally measured equivalence ratios within 7 %. A comparative study was performed for equivalence ratios measurement in atmospheric premixed methane-air flames with ungated LIBS and chemiluminescence spectroscopy. It was reported that LIBS-based calibration, which carries spectroscopic information from a “point-like-volume,” provides better predictions of equivalence ratios compared to chemiluminescence-based calibration, which is essentially a “line-of-sight” measurement.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第24253号 / エネ博第451号 / 新制||エネ||84(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー変換科学専攻 / (主査)教授 川那辺 洋, 教授 林 潤, 教授 澄川 貴志 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Chemical Engineering / Keith L. Hohn / To characterize surface properties by current techniques, metal oxides typically have to be pre-treated at high temperature to remove surface absorbents. Therefore, a new low temperature method which can provide information on the surface chemistry is desired. In this work, the surface properties of metal oxide samples were studied by tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDE) chemiluminescence (CL). This chemiluminescent method was also employed in probing the properties of reversed microemulsions. It was found that the emission intensity vs. reaction time curve (I[subscript]t) of catalyzed TDE CL on MgO was affected by the distributions and types of surface hydroxyl groups. Isolated hydroxyls with lower coordination were found to have higher catalytic reactivity for the emission of TDE CL. Although hydrogen bonded hydroxyls also catalyze the TDE oxidation reaction, the influence on the light emission was negative. Because the properties of surface hydroxyls are associated with specific orientations of adjacent ions, information on surface hydroxyls can provide information about some general surface characteristics of a metal oxide. When characterizing surface hydroxyls on Al[subscript]2O[subscript]3 by TDE CL, it was found that the catalytic reactivity of isolated hydroxyl groups is strongly associated with the stretching frequency of isolated hydroxyl. The stretching frequency of an isolated hydroxyl group is related to the modification of the adjacent ions and the coordination of the isolated hydroxyl. The results showed that the blue-shifts in the stretching frequencies of isolated hydroxyls led to increases in the catalytic reactivity of Al[subscript]2O[subscript]3 surfaces for the emission of TDE CL. TDE CL was further applied in characterizing the surfaces of other metal oxides and chemically grafted Al[subscript]2O[subscript]3. The results indicated that the isolated hydroxyl groups with fewer adjacent ions likely have higher affinity for the binding of grafting agents. Higher emission intensities were obtained from catalyzed TDE CL on metal oxides featuring higher percentages of isolated hydroxyls. The determination of a surfactant’s critical micellar concentration was accomplished by measuring the decay rate of the emission of TDE CL in a reversed microemulsion system. In this study, the CMC values of non-ionic and ionic surfactants were measured in different non-polar solvents.

Heute kennt man weit über 100 klinische Erkrankungen, bei denen Sauerstoffradikale am pathogenetischen Mechanismus beteiligt sind. Sauerstoffradikalbildung wird als Initiator oder Promotor des Alterungsprozesses, der Arteriosklerose, der postischemischen Organschäden, des Diabetes mellitus oder verschiedener neurologischer sowie dermatologischer Erkrankungen diskutiert. Besonderes Interesse gilt hierbei den Superoxidradikalen (O2-.), da ihre Bildung den Initialschritt des oxidativen Stresses, nämlich die Übertragung eines Elektrons auf das Sauerstoffmolekül, darstellt. Obwohl für den Nachweis der Superoxidradikalbildung eine Vielzahl verschiedener Methoden angewendet wird, gibt es zunehmend quantitative und qualitative Widersprüche bezüglich O2-. -Radikale in biologischen Systemen. Dies ist auf die mangelnde Vergleichbarkeit der unterschiedlichen Nachweismethoden zurückzuführen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung wurde zur Überprüfung der Eignung in der Praxis angewandter Superoxid-Nachweismethoden wie Photometrie (Cytochrom c , Epinephrin, Nitrotetrazolium blau), Chemilumineszenz (Luminol, Lucigenin) und ESR-Spintrapping (DMPO, DEPMPO) für biologische Fragestellungen unternommen. Als biologische O2-.-Quellen wurden submitochondriale Partikeln, Mitochondrien und polymorphkernige Neutrophile untersucht. Es wurde gezeigt, daß bei Anwendung eines standardisierten O2-. -generierenden Enzymsystems (Xanthin/Xantinoxidase) je nach Methode Wiederfidungsraten erhalten werden, die weniger bis sehr stark von den realen O2-. -Bildungsraten abweichen. Der Nachweis der Superoxidbildung über die Chemilumineszenz des Luminols und des Lucigenins hat gezeigt, daß die Intensität des ausgestrahlten Lichtes nicht nur durch die Bildungsrate der O2-.-Radikale bestimmt wird, sondern auch durch unspezifische Wechselwirkungen der Nachweissysteme mit den zu untersuchenden Objekten. Da vielen Nachweismethoden die Oxidation oder Reduktion der jeweiligen Nachweissubstanz durch Superoxidradikale zugrundeliegt, können die Nachweisreaktionen auch durch andere reduzierende oder oxidierende biologische Komponenten in Gang gesetzt werden. Eine Überprüfung der Selektivität einer Nachweismethode durch die Zugabe des O2-.-eliminierenden Enzyms SOD ist nicht immer möglich, da Superoxidradikale oft auch als Zwischenprodukte der Nachweisreaktionen auftreten und/oder SOD nicht immer den Zugang zur O2-.-Bildungsquelle hat. Spintrapping der Superoxidradikale mit DEPMPO kann hingegen als sicherer Beweis der Superoxidbildung betrachtet werden. Für einen quantitativen Nachweis der Superoxidradikale mittels Spintrapping sind jedoch Kenntnisse über die Stabilität des Spinadduktes in jedem konkreten System erforderlich. Ein mathematisches Modell für die Berechnung der Superoxidbildung in verschiedenen Nachweisystemen wurde erarbeitet. / Imbalanced production of oxygen-centered radicals is generally considered to play a major role in the pathogenesis of a great number of clinical diseases. Metabolic disorders and other derangements of homeostasis affect O2-salvage in a way which may trigger O2- radical formation. Inversely, if O2- radicals are formed in excess, a great variety of functional and structural alterations are expected to occur. It follows that an evaluation of the ranking of O2- radicals in the pathophysiological cascade of the various diseases requires reliable methods allowing identification of the respective reactive oxygen species (ROS), localization of the generation site and the analysis of the conditions required for O2- radical formation. Superoxide radicals (O2-.) are of major interest in this respect as this univalent reduction product is the starting molecule of all ROS possibly occurring in biological systems. Controversial reports on the existence, the sites and formation conditions of O2-.-radicals in the tissue may be due to the application of inadequate methods. The aim of this study was therefore to critically evaluate current O2-.-detection methods for their suitability and comparability. O2-.-radical release from xanthine/xanthine oxidase was assessed and used as a standardized O2-.-source. Spectrophotometric (cytochrom c, epinephrin, nitroblue tetrazolium), chemiluminescence (luminol, lucigenin) and ESR-spin trapping (DMPO, DEPMPO) detection methods were exposed to this O2-.-radical generating system and analyzed with respect to their selectivity and quantitative yield. In a second step the influence of the biological O2-.-generating systems such as submitochondrial particles, mitochondria and polymorphnuclear neutrophils on the available detection methods was tested. The results revealed great variations between the detection methods used both with respect to their selectivity for O2-.-registration and the quantitative analysis of the rates formed. All conventional O2-.-detection methods were found to be directly affected by the biological systems studied, spin trapping with DEPMPO being the most reliable method for qualitative O2-.-detection. Quantitative O2-.-detection requires knowledge about the stability of the respective adduct. A mathematical model for the calculation of O2-.-formation rate in various detection systems is worked out.

O sistema peroxioxalato possui diversas aplicações analíticas, principalmente devido aos altos rendimentos de emissão obtidos e relativa simplicidade. Aqui se estudou a alta eficiência desse sistema em diversas frentes, comparando-o a sistemas semelhantes, relacionando-o com um sistema intramolecular eficiente, procurando a estrutura do seu intermediário de alta energia e investigando as etapas de produção desse, tentando-se obter informações experimentais e teóricas sobre essa reação. A cinética do sistema peroxioxalato foi estudada utilizando-se como ativador o naftaleno, um composto aromático relativamente simples, que permite a aplicação de cálculos teóricos precisos ao sistema. Esses estudos teóricos dos complexos de transferência de carga entre naftaleno e o 1,2-dioxetano, a 1,2-dioxetanona e a 1,2-dioxetanodiona mostraram que a acessibilidade dos estados excitados está diretamente relacionada às propriedades eletrônicas do peróxido envolvido. Estudando-se os ânions radicais desses peróxidos se observou que o aumento no número de carbonilas do peróxido faz dele um melhor aceptor de elétron e que, especificamente para a 1,2-dioxetanona, a transferência de elétron é capaz de promover um caminho de decomposição sem barreiras energéticas. Estudos cinéticos da reação peroxioxalato utilizando DBU como catalisador básico forte não nucleofílico indicaram a viabilidade da reação nessas condições, embora com velocidades altas. Entretanto, não foi possível obter resultados cinéticos usando fenolatos como ativadores. Experimentos de adição retardada de ativador também foram efetuados usando um solvente que poderia facilitar a detecção do intermediário de alta energia, observando-se um acúmulo desse intermediário nas cinéticas de emissão. Porém, não foi possível detectar esse intermediário por espectrometria de massas. Por último, verificou-se que as etapas iniciais do sistema são exotérmicas, exceto a formação do anel de quatro membros. Estudando-se esse passo detalhadamente obteve-se para uma das etapas um valor de &#961; de Hammett semelhante ao observado experimentalmente, indicativo de que essa deve ser a etapa determinante de velocidade e de que o intermediário de alta energia deve ser a 1,2-dioxetanodiona. / The peroxyoxalate system has several analytical applications, mainly due to its high emission yields and relative simplicity. Here this system high efficiency was studied in several fronts, comparing it with similar systems, connecting it with an intramolecular efficient system, searching for the structure of its high-energy intermediate and investigating the steps in its production, trying to obtain experimental and theoretical information about this reaction. The peroxyoxalate system kinetics was studied using naphthalene as activator, an aromatic compound relatively simple, that allows the application of accurate theoretical calculations to this system. These theoretical study of charge transfer complexes between naphthalene and 1,2-dioxetane, 1,2-dioxetanone, and 1,2- dioxetanedione have shown that the availability of excited states is directly related to the electronic properties of the involved peroxide. Studying the radical anion of these peroxides it was observed that an increase in the number of peroxide carbonyls makes it a better electron acceptor and that, specifically for 1,2-dioxetanone, the electron transfer can provide a barrierless decomposition path. Kinetic studies of the peroxyoxalate system using DBU as a nonnucleophilic strong base catalyst indicated the reaction feasibility in these conditions, despite its high rate. However, it was not possible to obtain kinetic results using phenolates as activators. Experiments of delayed addition of activator were made as well using a solvent that could facilitate the detection of the high-energy intermediate, observing accumulation of this intermediate in emission kinetics. Yet, it was not possible to detect this intermediate by mass spectroscopy. At last, it was verified that the initial steps of the system are exothermic, with exception of the four-membered ring formation. Studying this step in more detail, it was obtained for a step a Hammett &#961; value similar to the one observed experimentally, indicating that this step should be the rate limiting step and that the high-energy intermediate should be the 1,2-dioxetanedione.

O sistema peroxioxalato possui diversas aplicações analíticas, principalmente devido aos altos rendimentos de emissão obtidos e relativa simplicidade. Aqui se estudou a alta eficiência desse sistema em diversas frentes, comparando-o a sistemas semelhantes, relacionando-o com um sistema intramolecular eficiente, procurando a estrutura do seu intermediário de alta energia e investigando as etapas de produção desse, tentando-se obter informações experimentais e teóricas sobre essa reação. A cinética do sistema peroxioxalato foi estudada utilizando-se como ativador o naftaleno, um composto aromático relativamente simples, que permite a aplicação de cálculos teóricos precisos ao sistema. Esses estudos teóricos dos complexos de transferência de carga entre naftaleno e o 1,2-dioxetano, a 1,2-dioxetanona e a 1,2-dioxetanodiona mostraram que a acessibilidade dos estados excitados está diretamente relacionada às propriedades eletrônicas do peróxido envolvido. Estudando-se os ânions radicais desses peróxidos se observou que o aumento no número de carbonilas do peróxido faz dele um melhor aceptor de elétron e que, especificamente para a 1,2-dioxetanona, a transferência de elétron é capaz de promover um caminho de decomposição sem barreiras energéticas. Estudos cinéticos da reação peroxioxalato utilizando DBU como catalisador básico forte não nucleofílico indicaram a viabilidade da reação nessas condições, embora com velocidades altas. Entretanto, não foi possível obter resultados cinéticos usando fenolatos como ativadores. Experimentos de adição retardada de ativador também foram efetuados usando um solvente que poderia facilitar a detecção do intermediário de alta energia, observando-se um acúmulo desse intermediário nas cinéticas de emissão. Porém, não foi possível detectar esse intermediário por espectrometria de massas. Por último, verificou-se que as etapas iniciais do sistema são exotérmicas, exceto a formação do anel de quatro membros. Estudando-se esse passo detalhadamente obteve-se para uma das etapas um valor de &#961; de Hammett semelhante ao observado experimentalmente, indicativo de que essa deve ser a etapa determinante de velocidade e de que o intermediário de alta energia deve ser a 1,2-dioxetanodiona. / The peroxyoxalate system has several analytical applications, mainly due to its high emission yields and relative simplicity. Here this system high efficiency was studied in several fronts, comparing it with similar systems, connecting it with an intramolecular efficient system, searching for the structure of its high-energy intermediate and investigating the steps in its production, trying to obtain experimental and theoretical information about this reaction. The peroxyoxalate system kinetics was studied using naphthalene as activator, an aromatic compound relatively simple, that allows the application of accurate theoretical calculations to this system. These theoretical study of charge transfer complexes between naphthalene and 1,2-dioxetane, 1,2-dioxetanone, and 1,2- dioxetanedione have shown that the availability of excited states is directly related to the electronic properties of the involved peroxide. Studying the radical anion of these peroxides it was observed that an increase in the number of peroxide carbonyls makes it a better electron acceptor and that, specifically for 1,2-dioxetanone, the electron transfer can provide a barrierless decomposition path. Kinetic studies of the peroxyoxalate system using DBU as a nonnucleophilic strong base catalyst indicated the reaction feasibility in these conditions, despite its high rate. However, it was not possible to obtain kinetic results using phenolates as activators. Experiments of delayed addition of activator were made as well using a solvent that could facilitate the detection of the high-energy intermediate, observing accumulation of this intermediate in emission kinetics. Yet, it was not possible to detect this intermediate by mass spectroscopy. At last, it was verified that the initial steps of the system are exothermic, with exception of the four-membered ring formation. Studying this step in more detail, it was obtained for a step a Hammett &#961; value similar to the one observed experimentally, indicating that this step should be the rate limiting step and that the high-energy intermediate should be the 1,2-dioxetanedione.