This work deals with ray tracing technique, focused to rendering of chess scene with procedural texture materials. Based on this knowledge, program that displays specified chess set is designed.

Durante meu mestrado selecionei textos específicos de Marcel Duchamp: textos teóricos nos quais ele reflete sobre o mundo das artes. São palestras que ele deu em universidades, cartas e catálogos para as exposições que ele organizava cujos textos são dele. Este material é fundamental para entender como este artista tão radical entendia a arte e como se esforçava para propagar suas concepções. São temas surpreendentes porque Duchamp teve um importante papel na apresentação da arte européia aos Estados Unidos trabalhando como curador durante um bom período. É impressionante vê-lo apresentando Picasso, Calder ou Matisse. Ou então defendendo os motivos pelos quais todo artista deve cursar uma universidade. São textos que todo estudante de arte deveria ler. Ou melhor, todos que gostam ou trabalham com arte... Este material foi selecionado e traduzido a partir dos originais em inglês e francês que estão nos livros Duchamp du Signe - écrits (Paris, Flammarion, 1975) e The Writings of Marcel Duchamp (New York, Da Capo Preess, 1989) , organizados por Michel Sanouillet com a colaboração de Elmer Peterson (ambos contém os mesmos textos, um em inglês e outro em francês). É uma seleção que cobre de 25 a 30% do total destes livros. Deixei fora do meu recorte todas as notas que fazem parte das próprias obras de Duchamp e têm um caráter poético intenso, recorrendo frequentemente a sofisticados trocadilhos dignos de uma tradução pelos irmãos Campos. Além da tradução dos textos teóricos, meu trabalho têm mais duas partes. Um posfácio, no qual faço uma leitura das obras de Duchamp iluminada exclusivamente pelos textos que estão traduzidos na primeira parte e um Apêndice - que é a parte que mais gosto. Este apêndice é uma brincadeira com Duchamp. Proponho um Ready-made para definir um perfil de sua obra recortando dos textos que ele escreveu sobre outros artistas apenas as caracteríscas que estão fortemente presentes no próprio trabalho dele. Como apontaram na minha banca, é quase uma leitura de revelação psicanalítica ao indicar como vemos nos outros aquilo que temos em nós. / This work selects specific texts of Marcel Duchamp: theoretical texts in which Duchamp reflects about the art world. This texts are lectures that Marcel Duchamp gave at universities, letters and catalogs for the exhibitions that he organized and whose texts Duchamp signed. This material is essential to understand how a so radical artist understood art as he struggled to propagate his views. Duchamp played an important role in introducing European art to the United States by working as curator for a long period. It\'s amazing to read his texts presenting Picasso, Calder or Matisse. Or even defending the reasons why every artist should attend the university. These are texts that every art student or art lover should read. This material was selected and translated from the originals published on the books Duchamp du Signe - écrits (Paris, Flammarion, 1975) and The Writings of Marcel Duchamp (New York, Da Capo Preess, 1989), organized by Michel Sanouillet with the collaboration of Elmer Peterson (both contain the same texts, the first one in French, the second one in English). This selection covers 25% to 30% of these books. I left out of my selection all the notes that are part of the own works of Duchamp and have an intense poetic character, often using sophisticated puns. Besides the translation of theoretical texts, my work have two more parts. An afterword, which is a view of Duchamp\'s works illuminated only by the texts which are translated at the first part and an Appendix - which is the part I like best. This appendix is a joke on Duchamp. I propose a Ready-made to define a profile of his work cutting from the texts he wrote about other artists only traces that are strongly present in his own work. It´s almost a psychoanalytic reading that indicates how we see in others what we have in us.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anne Carine Lopes.pdf: 3543687 bytes, checksum: 8eb1b5064e1d433651a7bc3ab1dd874b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-25 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This study aims to do a diagnostic about the possible effect that the practice of chess can have on the performance in Math of students from 8º and 9º year of Fundamental Level. More clearly, we intent to investigate the relation of cause and effect among the practice of chess and the ability of solving mathematics problems. As specific goal, we suggest yet to investigate: a) the strategies which students who play chess use to solve the problems and if these strategies differentiate themselves of those which students who don t play chess; b) how much from the chess strategies appear in the mathematic solution of questions. What concerns about the strategies, we try to observe how a student who is a chess player develops, expresses himself, articulates and, also, how he registers mathematics procedures in every proposed question. Our theoretical fundamentation grounds on the study of play in the development of individual on the vision of Piaget and his classification for the term play and sharing that same theory, we will bring the constructivist perspective of play in the scholar environment on the optic of Lino de Macedo. The methodology is a descriptive study and the diagnostic tool is a test with eight mathematics problems, which are based on the four axis of contents, that were selected from Brazilian Mathematic Olympiad of Public Schools (BMOPS) from 2005 to 2010 and from the Teach and Learn Project (2001). It was part of our research 22 students, whom formed two groups of 11 students: the group of students who plays chess (Gpc), they play chess more than a year in the Sportive Curricular Activities and the group of students who doesn t play chess (Gnc).From those 11 students, as from the Gpc as from the Gnc were selected 5 students from 9º year and 6 students from 8º year, all of them study at the same school. The study s results were investigated under two analysis: the quantitative, that were realized in the comparison between both groups and the qualitative, that were realized in the interpretation of the solution s strategies used for both groups, and then, verify whether these strategies differ or not. After the results analysis we conclude that exit strong indicatives that the chess play, in our study s universe, contributes to the solution of mathematics problems, that is, the chess player students strategies, in this case, were more efficient than those from the students who don t play chess / Este estudo tem como objetivo fazer um diagnóstico acerca do possível efeito que a prática de jogar xadrez pode ter sobre o desempenho dos alunos do 8º e 9º anos do Ensino Fundamental em Matemática. Mais claramente, pretendemos investigar a relação de causa e efeito entre a prática do xadrez e a habilidade de resolver problemas matemáticos. Como objetivo específico, propomos ainda investigar: a) as estratégias que o aluno que joga xadrez utiliza ao resolver problemas e se essas estratégias se diferenciam dos alunos que não jogam xadrez; b) o quanto das estratégias do jogo de xadrez aparece na resolução Matemática das questões. No âmbito das estratégias, buscamos observar como o aluno enxadrista se desenvolve, expressa-se, articula-se e, ainda, como registra os procedimentos matemáticos em cada questão proposta. A nossa fundamentação teórica se aporta no estudo do jogo e sua classificação no desenvolvimento do individuo na visão de Piaget, e compartilhando dessa mesma teoria traremos a perspectiva construtivista do jogo no ambiente escolar na ótica de Lino de Macedo. A metodologia compreende num estudo descritivo e o instrumento diagnóstico é um teste contendo oito problemas matemáticos, baseados nos quatro eixos dos conteúdos, que foram selecionados da Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas OBMEP de 2005 a 2010 e do Projeto Ensinar e Aprender (2001). Participaram da nossa pesquisa 22 alunos, formando dois grupos de 11 alunos cada: o grupo de alunos que jogava xadrez (Gjx), há mais de um ano nas Atividades Curriculares Desportivas e o grupo de alunos que não jogavam xadrez (Gnx). Desses 11 alunos, tanto Gjx como Gnx, estavam selecionados em 5 alunos de 9º ano e 6 alunos de 8º ano, todos pertencentes à mesma escola. Os resultados do estudo foram investigados sob duas análises: a quantitativa, realizada na comparação entre os grupos e a qualitativa, realizada na interpretação das estratégias de resolução utilizadas pelos dois grupos, e assim, verificar se essas estratégias se diferem. Após as análises dos resultados concluímos que existem fortes indicativos que o jogo de xadrez, em nosso universo de estudo, contribuiu para a resolução dos problemas matemáticos dos alunos, ou seja, as estratégias dos alunos enxadristas, nesse caso, foram mais eficientes que as estratégias dos alunos que não jogam xadrez

Les Eschés amoureux, poème allégorique de trente mille vers datant de 1370-1380, se présentent comme une réponse au Roman de la Rose, en rejouant notamment l’intrigue sur un échiquier. Conservé dans deux manuscrits inachevés, encore largement inédit, ce texte a rapidement été éclipsé par son commentaire en prose, Le Livre des eschez amoureux moralisés, rédigé par Évrart de Conty, médecin personnel de Charles V. La récente attribution des Eschés amoureux à ce même auteur hisse le poème initial au rang d’œuvre destinée à être (auto-)commentée ; cette auto-exégèse est déjà esquissée dans l’un des témoins du texte en vers, qui comprend un apparat de gloses marginales latines participant d’un projet auctorial. Les Eschés amoureux articulent ambition narrative et transmission de connaissances variées, en intégrant notamment en leur sein deux traductions d’auctoritates, les Remedia amoris d’Ovide et le De regimine principum de Gilles de Rome. Ils offrent une mise en fiction du savoir singulière, réservant souvent ce qui fonde l’autorité du discours à un commentaire à venir. Cette présente étude s’attache à examiner les stratégies de divulgation du savoir par le biais d’un récit à la fin du XIVe siècle, en analysant notamment les modèles investis par Les Eschés amoureux, l’assemblage d’éléments hétéroclites qui préside à l’élaboration de cette fiction et la fonction dévolue au commentaire. / The Eschés amoureux, a thirty thousand verse allegorical poem written circa 1370-1380, comes as a response to the Romance of the Rose, notably playing the initial plot on a chessboard. The text can be read in two incomplete manuscripts and is still mostly unedited. It was quickly outshone by its prose commentary, Le Livre des eschez amoureux moralisés, written by Évrart de Conty, King Charles V’s personal physician. The fact that the Eschés amoureux was recently attributed to this very same author pushes the initial poem to the rank of a work that requires (self-)commentaries; the outline of this self exegesis is to be found in one of the verse manuscripts, which comes with latin marginal glosses of major and auctorial importance. The Eschés amoureux connects a narrative project to the transmission of knowledge, inserting within the poem two translations of auctoritates, the ovidian Remedia amoris and the De regimine principum by Giles of Rome. It provides a peculiar fictionalization of knowledge, often setting aside the authoritative part of the discourse and keeping it for a forthcoming commentary. The present dissertation intends to analyze the ways knowledge was conveyed through narrative at the end of the XIVth century; it considers the models involved for this specific text, the miscellaneous items brought together in one single fiction and the part played by the commentary.

在西洋棋中，開局決定了棋局未來發展的基礎，棋手在開局階段局勢的好壞，會直接影響到接下來中局的發展，乃至全局的勝負。隨著西洋棋的演進，棋手們在比賽中進行各式各樣的棋步嘗試，發展出眾多經歷實戰考驗的開局，目前西洋棋的開局多達上千種變化，使得棋手在學習西洋棋的過程中，要花上大量的時間從眾多的西洋棋開局變化中，尋找適合自己的開局鑽研與使用。為幫助棋手在此階段的學習，本論文提出西洋棋開局推薦系統，從大數據協助學習的觀點，利用大量棋手們的開局經驗，對棋手做個人化的開局推薦。此系統以風格、棋力相似的棋手們所選用的開局為推薦基礎，並考量棋手習慣使用的下棋模式，推薦棋手善於發揮自身優勢、易於理解，並且投其所好的開局。為此，此西洋棋開局推薦系統包含風格分析、棋力評估、棋形截取，以及混合式推薦等部分。依據棋手過去的對局記錄，風格分析評估棋手下棋偏好冒險或保守的程度；棋力評估將傳統西洋棋棋力轉成可直觀比較棋手棋力程度差異之量表；棋形截取找出棋手習慣使用的下棋模式。最後，混合式推薦綜合考量上述三項因素，推薦出符合棋手棋風、棋力與下棋習慣模式的開局。 本論文以兩個實驗來評估風格分析與開局推薦系統的效果，在風格分析的實驗中，將風格分析方法評估棋手風格的結果與專家判斷的結果做比較；在開局推薦系統的實驗中，以棋手是否將會在比賽使用系統所推薦的開局來評估推薦效果。實驗結果顯示，風格分析對於世界冠軍棋手的風格評估幾乎與專家的判斷相同；開局推薦系統針對開局所設計的混合式推薦方法，推薦效果優於常見的推薦方法。 / The Opening is the fundamental phase of a chess game, and significantly affects the result of a competition. With the evolution of chess, there has been developed thousands of chess openings at present. This makes it difficult and time-consuming for chess players to find and learn the openings suitable for them. For helping players to learn chess in the opening, we provide Opening Recommendation System (OPRS), which considers chess players’ experiences and recommends chess openings that could be understandable and favorite for the players. For personalized recommendation, OPRS analyzes the playing style, translates chess rating, extracts the playing patterns, and then performs hybrid recommendation based on the features obtained. In the evaluation, the performance of the playing style analysis are demonstrated by comparing with the styles judged by chess experts for world chess championships. For OPRS, the evaluations are according to the openings the players use in the chess tournaments in the next years. The experiments show that OPRS achieves good accuracies of the playing style analysis and outperforms the competitive methods for chess opening recommendation.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T18:50:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas.pdf: 1252513 bytes, checksum: f127309c750c6123f408ff2ac302151e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / In this thesis, the basic research of Chase and Simon (1973) is questioned, and we seek new results by analyzing the errors of experts and beginners chess players in experiments to reproduce chess positions. Chess players with different levels of expertise participated in the study. The results were analyzed by a Brazilian grandmaster, and quantitative analysis was performed with the use of statistical methods data mining. The results challenge significantly, the current theories of expertise, memory and decision making in this area, because the present theory predicts piece on square encoding, in which players can recognize the strategic situation reproducing it faithfully, but commit several errors that the theory can¿t explain. The current theory can¿t fully explain the encoding used by players to register a board. The errors of intermediary players preserved fragments of the strategic situation, although they have committed a series of errors in the reconstruction of the positions. The encoding of chunks therefore includes more information than that predicted by current theories. Currently, research on perception, trial and decision is heavily concentrated on the idea of pattern recognition'. Based on the results of this research, we explore a change of perspective. The idea of 'pattern recognition' presupposes that the processing of relevant information is on 'patterns' (or data) that exist independently of any interpretation. We propose that the theory suggests the vision of decision-making via the recognition of experience. / Nesta tese, apontamos uma crítica à pesquisa básica de Chase e Simon (1973), e buscamos novos resultados ao analisar os erros de enxadristas experts e novatos em experimentos de reprodução de posições de xadrez. Enxadristas, com diferentes níveis de expertise, participaram do estudo. Os resultados foram submetidos a análises qualitativas com um grandemestre brasileiro, e as análises quantitativas foram realizadas com o uso de métodos estatísticos tradicionais e métodos de data mining. Os resultados alteram ¿ de forma significativa ¿ as teorias correntes de expertise, memória e tomada de decisão nesta área, pois a teoria atual prevê uma codificação via peças em quadrados, com jogadores conseguindo registrar a situação estratégica reproduzindo-a fielmente, mas cometendo vários erros do tipo que a teoria não prevê. A teoria atual não pode explicar completamente a codificação utilizada pelos jogadores para registrar um tabuleiro. Os erros de jogadores intermediários conseguem preservar fragmentos da situação estratégica, ainda que tenham cometido uma série de erros na reconstrução das posições. A codificação de chunks, portanto, inclui mais informações do que o que é previsto pelas teorias correntes. Atualmente, a literatura de percepção, julgamento e decisão é fortemente concentrada na idéia de ¿reconhecimento de padrões¿. Baseados nos resultados desta pesquisa, buscamos explorar uma mudança de perspectiva. A idéia de ¿reconhecimento de padrões¿ pressupõe que o processamento de informação relevante é sobre ¿padrões¿ (ou dados) que existem independentemente de qualquer interpretação. Propomos que a tese sugere a visão da tomada de decisões via o reconhecimento de experiências.

Orientador: Rosely Palermo Brenelli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T16:31:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_FrancismaraNevesde_D.pdf: 2908669 bytes, checksum: 03049cd69340736749d0f25cc3f1c9f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa caracterizou-se como um estudo descritivo que objetivou estudar as condutas de escolares no jogo de regras Xadrez Simplificado relacionando-as à coordenação de perspectiva espacial e tomada de perspectiva social. Foram selecionados alunos de diferentes idades e diferentes séries de uma Escola Estadual de Londrina ¿ PR, organizados em 8 duplas sendo 2 da 1ª série, 2 da 3ª série, 2 da 5ª série e 2 da 7ª do ensino fundamental, totalizando 16 participantes. A coleta de dados foi realizada em sete sessões assim distribuídas: três sessões de aprendizagem do jogo Xadrez Simplificado; sessões avaliativas das condutas empregadas no jogo e em situações de jogo simuladas no tabuleiro e uma sessão para aplicação da prova piagetiana ¿O Relacionamento das Perspectivas¿ e uma sessão para aplicação de duas situações-problema propostas para verificar os níveis de Tomada de Perspectiva Social. Embasados no referencial teórico piagetiano e na compreensão de Selman sobre a perspectiva social, os dados foram analisados segundo categorias da dialética construtiva discutida por Piaget para avaliar as condutas apresentadas pelos participantes no jogo e nos níveis de Tomada de Perspectiva Social, analisados por Selman. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que o jogo Xadrez Simplificado permitiu compreender a interdependência entre as condutas apresentadas pelos participantes no jogo, o desenvolvimento da perspectiva espacial e os níveis de Tomada de Perspectiva Social em relações construtivas e integrativas. Indicaram também o jogo de regras Xadrez Simplificado como recurso possível para observar essas relações que revelam a operatoriedade crescente aplicada no jogo, indicando o desenvolvimento das condutas desde o egocentrismo e indiferenciação da perspectiva, até a reciprocidade mútua, tanto no que diz respeito à perspectiva espacial, quanto social, em escolares / Abstract: This descriptive qualitative research, has the object of studying the conduct of pupils in the game of Simplified Chess, relating it to the coordination of spacial coordination and to the Social Perspective Taking. The sixteen participants of different age from a state school in Londrina, Brazil were taken organized in eight pairs, being two from the first grade, two from the third grade, two from the fifth grade and two from the seventh grade of the elementary school. The data was collected in seven different sessions, as follows: three sessions for the learning of the Simplified Chess game; evaluation sessions of the conduct applied in the game and on-board simulated situations; and one session for the application of the Piagetian proof ¿The Relation of the Perspectives¿ and one session for the application of the two problem-solving situations aiming at verifying the levels of the Social Perspective Taking. Based on the Piagetian theoretical reference and on the comprehension of Selman about the Social Perspective, the data were analyzed according to constructive dialectics discussed by Piaget in order to evaluate the conducts presented by the participants in the game and in the levels of the Social Perspective Taking, analyzed by Selman. The results have shown that the Simplified Chess game allowed a comprehension of the interdependence among the conducts presented by the participants, the development of the spacial perspective and the levels of the Social Perspective Taking in constructive and integrative relations. Besides, they have also shown that the game of rules Simplified Chess can be used as a tool to observe these relations, revealing the growing operationality applied in the game and indicating the development of conducts from the egocentrism and nondifferentiation of the perspective to the mutual reciprocity, both in relation to the spacial and social perspective in pupils / Doutorado / Psicologia, Desenvolvimento Humano e Educação / Doutor em Educação

Schack är ett spel som ofta används för att undersöka olika tekniker inom artificiell intelligens (AI). I det här arbetet ställs frågan om det går att utveckla en AI-agent vars beslutsfattande är baserat på tekniken Case-based Reasoning (CBR) med grundlig likhet som spelar bättre med fallbaser baserade på bättre experter. En AI-agent har utvecklats som spelat ett antal partier mot sig själv med olika fallbaser baserade på olika experter. Efter att ha undersökt resultatet visade de sig att AI-agenten spelar så dåligt att den nästan aldrig lyckades vinna oavsett fallbas, vilket gjorde att det inte gick att rangordna dem efter skicklighet. I framtida arbete är det intressant att undersöka andra likheter än grundlig likhet. Det är även av intresse att undersöka om en CBR-baserad schackspelande AI-agent kan spela schack med hög skicklighet.

This master thesis discusses various mathematical problems related to the placement of chess pieces. Solutions to the problems are mostly elementary (yet sometimes quite inventive), in some cases rely on basic knowledge of graph theory. We successively focus on different chess pieces and their tours on rectangular boards, and then examine the "independence" and "domination" of chess pieces on square boards. The text is complemented with numerous pictures illustrating particular solutions to given problems.

This research project is a narrative study on the use of chess as a therapeutic medium in a substance abuse rehabilitation centre. Stabilis Treatment Centre served as the rehabilitation centre where the data was collected and the therapeutic sessions conducted. In this research report I introduced Stabilis Treatment Centre by exploring and providing an overview of their existing programmes. I have stated the research problem and the subsequent research question and goals. A literature review is included where information with regards to drug abuse, exercise psychology and the use of chess in various contexts is provided. The research methodology is examined and narrative practice is introduced and explored. The three participants in this research project are introduced and their experiences of playing chess are explored and extended to their experiences of life and relevant situations. This process is documented in letter format where I as researcher wrote letters to each participant reflecting on their experiences of using chess to narrate their personal narratives. This research project concludes where I summarize the results of this study as well as providing recommendations for future studies. / Dissertation (MA (Counselling Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / unrestricted