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101	Sociální hnutí a jejich dopady na přechod k demokracii v Mexiku: případ zapatistů / Social movements and their impact on the transition to democracy: the case of Zapatistas Petříček, Martin January 2004 (has links) This dissertation aims to enrich the discussion about the role of social movements in the process of democratisation, ie. to assess their role in the transformation from authoritarian to democratic regime. In particular, it tries to find the way how to assess the impact of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) and related movement on the Mexican transition to democracy in 1990s. The analysis tries to identify possible impacts on three different levels -- political (which means regime transition), social (which is related with the change of the nature of the relations between state and society, once described as corporatist) and economical (which means the end of neoliberal policy promoted by recent Mexican governments and the introduction of more equal, "more democratic" policy in zapatista logic). It looks both at the formal (direct through bargaining) and informal (influence) impact of the zapatista movement. From the methodological point of view, the study is case analysis, in some parts it uses historical analysis. The text is structured into five chapters. The first chapter shows main theoretical and methodological approaches to the social movements with special focus on Latin American context. It is followed by explaining the principles of methods used to assessment of the zapatista impacts. The second chapter presents main approaches to social change and process of democratic transition. The third chapter contains the historical analysis of transformation of relation between state and society during 20th century, from the introduction of (state) corporatist model in 1930s to its gradual dismantling in the late 20th century. The fourth chapter analysis the evolution of EZLN from its beginning in Lacandon jungle in southern Mexican state of Chiapas. In relation with the emphasis of movement's goals, the period from 1994, when zapatista uprising in Chiapas started, to 2010 is divided into four stages. In the fifth chapter, theoretical findings are applied on EZLN and zapatista movement and formulated hypotheses are tested.
102	Představování Západu: Marginalita a možné životy na předměstí mexického města / Imagining the West: Marginality and Possible Lives at the Outskirts of a Mexican City Heřmanová, Marie January 2018 (has links) PhD Thesis Summary: Imagining the West: Marginality and Possible Lives at the Outskirts of a Mexican City Mgr. Marie Heřmanová The thesis aims to develop various results of a long-term fieldwork in the city of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México, where rural-urban migration was pervasive since the 1960s. The research concentrated on the second generation of Tzotzil and Tzeltal migrants living at the suburbs of the city. Young indigenous people, whose parents came to the city to seek jobs, are now completely bilingual (they speak their maternal language - mostly Tzotzil as well as spanish they have learned in the school in the city). They mostly work in the same areas as the first generation migrants - as shop-keepers, souvenirs sellers or street-food vendors. They are thus in everyday interaction with both tourist and expats in the city centre. These interactions and meetings are in the context of the thesis seen as a consitutive element to imageries of mobility, modernity and Western lifestyles developed by the the young indigenous people from the suburbs. The concept if "Imaginary West" (Yurchak 2005) is central in the thesis, an unseen and yet ever-present homeland of the tourists and most importantly a place where "better lives" happen. The text explores how the search for...
103	Představování Západu: Marginalita a možné životy na předměstí mexického města / Imagining the West: Marginality and Possible Lives at the Outskirts of a Mexican City Heřmanová, Marie January 2018 (has links) PhD Thesis Summary: Imagining the West: Marginality and Possible Lives at the Outskirts of a Mexican City Mgr. Marie Heřmanová The thesis aims to develop various results of a long-term fieldwork in the city of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México, where rural-urban migration was pervasive since the 1960s. The research concentrated on the second generation of Tzotzil and Tzeltal migrants living at the suburbs of the city. Young indigenous people, whose parents came to the city to seek jobs, are now completely bilingual (they speak their maternal language - mostly Tzotzil as well as spanish they have learned in the school in the city). They mostly work in the same areas as the first generation migrants - as shop-keepers, souvenirs sellers or street-food vendors. They are thus in everyday interaction with both tourist and expats in the city centre. These interactions and meetings are in the context of the thesis seen as a consitutive element to imageries of mobility, modernity and Western lifestyles developed by the the young indigenous people from the suburbs. The concept if "Imaginary West" (Yurchak 2005) is central in the thesis, an unseen and yet ever-present homeland of the tourists and most importantly a place where "better lives" happen. The text explores how the search for...
104	Le processus de paix au Chiapas ou le précaire équilibre face au vide Tremblay, Annie 03 1900 (has links) Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l’Université de Montréal / Le but de cette étude est l'analyse du processus de paix au Chiapas depuis 1994, entre le gouvernement mexicain et l'Armée zapatiste de libération nationale (EZLN). Les principales hypothèses sont les suivantes: le conflit chiapanèque est le résultat d'une structure sociale conflictuelle ; l'EZLN a pu s'insérer dans une région particulière du Chiapas, soit la Selva, dû à son développement en marge de l'élite chiapanèque; le processus de paix est une manière pour les parties de poursuivre leur confrontation par la voie politique ; les intérêts des parties lors du processus de paix varient selon la conjoncture politique ; et le développement d'une paix durable est favorisé par la transition démocratique. L'étude est fondée sur une recherche documentaire qui a été menée à partir de monographies et d'articles de revues spécialisées. De plus, nous avons utilisé des articles de revues d'actualité et de journaux mexicains. Dans le but d'approfondir la compréhension du cas étudié, nous avons adopté une approche à la fois descriptive et comparative. Nous avons retenu tous les faits significatifs afin d'être systématique et non seulement ceux qui correspondaient à nos attentes. Les principales conclusions de l'étude sont les suivantes : la rébellion zapatiste est la conséquence de la domination politique et économique de l'élite traditionnelle chiapanèque sur les autochtones. Vers les années quatre-vingts, les canaux traditionnels de médiation entre l'élite et les autochtones se sont fermés suite à un l'effritement du pouvoir de l'oligarchie, ce qui a suscité l'augmentation de la violence envers les communautés autochtones indépendantes. L'élite chiapanèque n'est pas disposée à une modernisation des relations politique et économique. L'insertion d'un groupe révolutionnaire dans la région de la Selva a été la conséquence de son évolution particulière: les structures communautaires de la Selva ont été soustraites au pouvoir de l'élite suite à l'influence de l'Église et des groupes de gauches qui ont laissé place à une structure organisationnelle indépendante très enracinée. Le processus de paix au Chiapas depuis 1994 a été inégal : le gouvernement mexicain a négocié avec les zapatistes lorsque la conjoncture politique le lui commandait. Les stratégies de l'EZLN ont également évolué selon les circonstances régionales, nationales et internationales. La transition démocratique et la paix durable sont reliées. La négociation de la paix doit inclure tous les acteurs significatifs et implique une modération idéologique. L'application de la paix durable est ardue selon ce qui a été vécu au Salvador et au Guatemala. Le processus de paix au Chiapas n'est pas strictement régional, il est surtout lié à la problématique de la démocratisation du Mexique. Enfin, l'analyse du processus de paix au Chiapas va nous permettre de mieux comprendre la politique mexicaine contemporaine. La rébellion zapatiste n'est pas un phénomène déconnecté de la réalité nationale puisque les événements survenus au Chiapas sont fortement liés à l'agenda politique national. L'étude du cas particulier du Chiapas nous permet également de mieux conceptualiser les dilemmes liés à la transition démocratique, notamment celle par pacte de paix, qui ne concerne pas seulement que l'Amérique latine. Processus de paix au Chiapas Gouvernement mexicain Conflit chiapanèque Structure sociale conflictuelle Selva chiapanèque Élites chiapanèques Transition démocratique Rebellion zapatiste
105	Aj-Ts’ib, Aj-Uxul, Itz’aat, & Aj-K’uhu’n : classic Maya schools of carvers and calligraphers in Palenque after the reign of Kan-Bahlam Van Stone, Mark 14 May 2015 (has links) Ancient Maya inscription carvers at the city of Palenque in what is now Chiapas, Mexico worked in teams to complete large and complex stone tablets. Like artists everywhere, they each had developed idiosyncratic habits which the modern connoisseur can learn to discern, in order to identify which parts of a particular monument were sculpted by one or another artist. The author scrutinized several eighth-century CE inscriptions, panels in stucco and limestone, analyzing how many artists worked on each, to wit: the Temple XVIII Stuccos, the Temple XIX Platform, the Temple XIX Stuccos, the Temple XIX Panel, the Panel of the 96 Glyphs, the Lápida de la Creación and associated fragments, the Palace Tablet and its associated fragmentary panels, and the Tablet of the Slaves. The ensemble whose main components are the Panel of the 96 Glyphs and the Lápida de la Creación are all by one hand, and the Tablet of the Slaves was the work of four carvers, but the Temple XIX Platform surprisingly employed fourteen carvers, and the Palace Tablet over a score. Their territories were not divided textually, and display idiosyncratic spellings of glyph compounds as well as carving habits. The conclusion discusses possible reasons for these findings, relating them to the unusual Maya practice of never correcting mistakes in monumental inscriptions. A likely reason seems to be that the ancient Maya considered these texts not merely as a permanent record, but as ongoing, living repetitions of the ritual in question, and had to be completed in a very short time. / text Ancient Maya Inscription carvers Palenque Chiapas Mexico Stone tablets Artists Carving Eighth-century 8th century Inscriptions Artistic differences Temple XVIII Stuccos Temple XIX Platform Temple XIX Stuccos Temple XIX Panel Panel of the 96 Glyphs Lápida de la Creación Palace Tablet Tablet of the Slaves Schools of carvers Schools of calligraphers Kan-Bahlam
106	Motivations and incentives for pro-environmental behaviour : the case of silvopasture adoption in the tropical forest frontier Zabala, Aiora January 2015 (has links) On the frontier of biodiversity-rich tropical forests, how land is used has an important role in buffering the primary ecosystem. Unsustainable small-scale cattle farming endangers soil quality and degrades the landscape. Silvopasture is a type of agroforestry that provides both ecological and livelihood benefits. A number of projects have been implemented across the tropics to encourage silvopasture adoption, with varying success. This dissertation questions the reasons for variable outcomes among participants within these projects: what motivates smallholders to adopt innovative land-use practices, and what form of incentives may help to overcome obstacles and catalyse adoption. This dissertation contributes to the ongoing debate on payments for ecosystem services, specifically about their suitability and effectiveness. To understand what influences decisions to adopt sustainable land-use practices, I review systematically and quantitatively the literature on adoption predictors, and I empirically analyse participation and short-term adoption in a pilot project for planting fodder trees in the border of a protected forest in Chiapas, Mexico, using primary and secondary data. I focus on subjective perspectives and livelihood strategies of actual and potential participants as explanatory variables, which have received unduly scarce attention in past studies. This lack of attention is partially caused by the difficulties of operationalising internal variables. I address this challenge by developing an analytical approach that increases the precision of the resulting perspectives in Q methodology. I cluster livelihood strategies and model adoption. This in-depth case-study suggests the type of incentives that are adequate to encourage adoption of sustainable land-use practices. Results indicate that payments may not be the best incentive for pioneer adopters, and that the adoption process is composed of separate individual steps, which are influenced distinctly by identifiable predictors, such as livelihood diversity. Uncovering this heterogeneity of motivations towards adoption provides useful knowledge for designing more effective external policy interventions. 333
107	Alternative Pathways to Peace and Development in Rural Chiapas, Mexico Hollinger, Keith H. 01 July 2011 (has links) The concept of peacebuilding holds enormous importance for international relations, particularly in regions facing impending violent conflict and those recovering from such conflict. However, in order for peacebuilding to be a viable alternative to traditional peace operations, scholars and practitioners need to have a shared understanding of what peacebuilding is and what goals it hopes to achieve, in addition to fluid strategies for implementation. This dissertation seeks to identify strategies for building sustainable peace through sustainable community development and democratization. Using a qualitative metasynthesis of five ethnographies conducted in Chiapas Mexico, this dissertation develops mid-range theories, or strategies, for building peace in Chiapas and in regions experiencing low-intensity conflict more generally. These strategies are based upon the development of Pluriethnic collective governance at the local level in regions that are experiencing low-intensity conflict related to indigenous communities. / Ph. D. Peacebuilding Mestizaje Zapatismo bottom-up peace peace operations peacekeeping sustainable peace counterinsurgency warfare low intensity conflict new wars rebellion conflict analysis conflict prevention disaster management Chiapas Mexico EZLN Zapatistas IndÃgenas indigenous campesinos peasants economic development community resilience resilient communities sustainable development bottom-up development collective development collective democracy democratization sustainable democracy indigenismo
108	Résonance du zapatisme chez des groupes militants au Québec Goulet Poulin, JeanSol 02 May 2022 (has links) Cette recherche porte sur la diffusion des idées zapatistes dans certains milieux militants et universitaire québécois et sur les transformations qu'elle a entraînées au niveau des imaginaires et des pratiques militantes au Québec depuis 1994. Alors que l'EZLN et le zapatisme étaient des références clés du mouvement altermondialiste québécois dans les années 1990, aujourd'hui, la présence des idées zapatistes au Québec est diffuse. Les gauches québécoises sont passées d'un moment de convergence dans la lutte contre les sommets économiques internationaux à une multiplication des projets d'alternatives au système néolibéral. Ancrée dans une perspective post-marxiste, cette recherche est articulée autour du concept de résonance, proposé par Alex Khasnabish dans son étude sur la diffusion du zapatisme et ses effets sur les imaginaires militants en Amérique du Nord anglophone (Khasnabish, 2008). Ce concept de résonance permet d'analyser les transformations entraînées par l'entrelacement du zapatisme avec les imaginaires politiques des militant.es québécois.es ainsi que les transformations des imaginaires et des pratiques militantes québécoises au fil du temps. L'intérêt de cette approche est double : elle permet d'une part d'observer des liens entre des milieux militants et universitaire qui, au niveau idéologique, semblent parfois distants voir opposés. D'autre part, elle permet d'aller au-delà d'une lecture spasmodique des mouvements sociaux et de constater certaines continuités entre différents groupes militants et différents événements (Badiou, 1988). Enfin, analyser la présence du zapatisme dans le paysage des imaginaires politiques des militant.es au Québec, c'est faire l'histoire d'une mondialisation par le bas et brosser le portrait de certaines des luttes québécoises contre le système néolibéral et pour la création d'une pluralité d'alternatives. / This study analyzes how the circulation of zapatism in some activist and academic networks in Québec have had an impact on the transformations of left-wing activists' political imaginaries and practices since 1994. If the EZLN and zapatism were a key reference of the québécois altermondialist movement in the 1990s, its present-day presence in the province is diffuse. Québec's political lefts went from a period of convergence, at the time when organizing counter summits and marching against international economic summits was the main focus, to a wide array of political projects exploring alternatives to the neoliberal system. Rooted in a postmarxist posture, this research is built around Alex Khasnabish's concept of resonance, which he proposed in his ethnography of the diffusion of Zapatism and its effects in anglophone activists circles in North America (Khasnabish, 2008). Similarly, this study analyzes the movement of people, zapatista's political imaginaries and practices in transnational networks. The idea of resonance enables the observation of transformationsresulting of the intertwinement between Zapatism and québecois.es's activist political imaginaries. Through this lens, the analysis of the transformations of said political imaginaries through time is also possible. The usefulness of this analytical tool is twofold. First, it unveils links between activist groups and academics that, on an ideological level, seemed unalike or even antagonistic. Second, it enables us to go further than an analysis that considers a social movement's history as a series of fits and starts, and rather highlights the continuities between activist groups and events (Badiou, 1988). Lastly, to analyze the presence of Zapatism in the political imaginaries' landscape of activists in Québec is to engage with the history of bottom-up globalization, particularly with social mobilizations against the neoliberal system and for the creation of a diversity of alternatives to it. Postmarxisme -- Québec (Province) Mythes politiques -- Québec (Province) Altermondialisme -- Québec (Province)
109	Decolonizing politics : Zapatista indigenous autonomy in an era of neoliberal governance and low intensity warfare / Zapatista indigenous autonomy in an era of neoliberal governance and low intensity warfare Mora, Mariana 05 October 2012 (has links) Grounded in the geographies of Chiapas, Mexico, the dissertation maps a cartography of Zapatista indigenous resistance practices and charts the production of decolonial political subjectivities in an era of neoliberal governance and low intensity conflict. It analyzes the relationship between local cultural political expressions of indigenous autonomy, global capitalist interests and neoliberal rationalities of government after more than decade of Zapatista struggle. Since 1996, Zapatista indigenous Mayan communities have engaged in the creation of alternative education, health, agricultural production, justice, and governing bodies as part of the daily practices of autonomy. The dissertation demonstrates that the practices of Zapatista indigenous autonomy reflect current shifts in neoliberal state governing logics, yet it is in this very terrain where key ruptures and destabilizing practices emerge. The dissertation focuses on the recolonization aspects of neoliberal rationalities of government in their particular Latin American post Cold War, post populist manifestations. I argue that in Mexico's indigenous regions, the shift towards the privatization of state social services, the decentralization of state governing techniques and the transformation of state social programs towards an emphasis on greater self-management occurs in a complex relationship to mechanisms of low intensity conflict. Their multiple articulations effect the reproduction of social and biological life in sites, which are themselves terrains of bio-political contention: racialized women's bodies and feminized domestic reproductive and care taking roles; the relationship between governing bodies and that governed; land reform as linked to governability and democracy; and the production of the indigenous subject in a multicultural era. In each of these arenas, the dissertation charts a decolonial cartography drawn by the following cultural political practices: the construction of genealogies of social memories of struggle, a governing relationship established through mandar obedeciendo, land redistribution through zapatista agrarian reform, pedagogical collective selfreflection in women’s collective work, and the formation of political identities of transformation. Finally, the dissertation discusses the possibilities and challenges for engaging in feminist decolonizing dialogic research, specifically by analyzing how Zapatista members critiqued the politics of fieldwork and adopted the genres of the testimony and the popular education inspired workshop as potential decolonizing methodologies. / text Maya women--Political activity--Mexico Neoliberalism--Mexico
110	Through the Eyes of Shamans: Childhood and the Construction of Identity in Rosario Castellanos' "Balun-Canan" and Rudolfo Anaya's "Bless Me, Ultima" Nava, Tomas Hidalgo 09 July 2004 (has links) (PDF) This study offers a comparative analysis of Rosario Castellanos' Balún-Canán and Rudolfo Anaya's Bless Me, Ultima, novels that provide examples on how children construct their identity in hybrid communities in southeastern Mexico and the U.S. southwest. The protagonists grow and develop in a context where they need to build bridges between their European and Amerindian roots in the middle of external influences that complicate the construction of a new mestizo consciousness. In order to attain that consciousness and free themselves from their divided selves, these children receive the aid of an indigenous mentor who teaches them how to establish a dialogue with their past, nature, and their social reality. The protagonists undertake that negotiation by transgressing the rituals of a society immersed in colonial dual thinking. They also create mechanisms to re-interpret their past and tradition in order to create an image of themselves that is not imposed by the status quo. In both novels, the protagonists have to undergo similar processes to overcome their identity crises, including transculturation, the creation of sites of memory, and a transition from orality to writing. Each of them resorts to creative writing and becomes a sort of shaman who pulls together the "spirits" from the past, selects them, and organizes them in a narration of childhood that is undertaken from adulthood. The results of this enterprise are completely different in the cases of both protagonists because the historical and social contexts vary. The boy in Bless Me, Ultima can harmoniously gather the elements to construct his identity, while the girl in Balún-Canán fails because of the pressures of a male-centered and highly racist society. Rosario Castellanos Rudolfo Anaya Balún-Canán Bless Me Ultima Shamans Tomás Hidalgo Nava construction of identity Chiapas Mexico New Mexico Ladino mestizo Chicano Mexican American childhood Octavio Paz José Vasconcelos Gloria Anzaldúa René Girard Edouard Glissant Pierre Nora lieux de mémoire milieux de mémoire hybrid hybridity transculturation Fernando Ortiz Angel Rama syncretism written narration shamanism of letters Homi K. Bhabha colonial discourse mestizo consciousness sexism colonialism Tzeltal indigenista orality mestizaje transgression of rituals Paulo Freire Mexican literature Chicano literature Mexican-American literature transculturation and nature Virgin of Guadalupe curandera Amerindian roots racism Spanish conquest acculturation assimilation project of modernization imposed views Antonio Ladino girl Comitán racist society colonial dual thinking identity crisis creative writing sites of memory U.S. southwest Classics Comparative Literature

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