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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

The nutritional status and physical work performance of children of migrant agricultural workers in Southern Brazil

Waddell, Charlotte January 1981 (has links)
A study was conducted to investigate and compare the nutritional status and physical work performance of children of Brazilian migrant agricultural workers with Brazilian children from wel1-to-do backgrounds. The relationship between nutritional status and physical work performance was also investigated. Dietary analysis was conducted using the 24-hour diet recall method. Evidence was found that intakes of energy, calcium, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C may have been inadequate among migrant worker children. Their diet was generally monotonous and consisted mainly of rice, beans, and coffee with sugar. Diets of well-to-do children were considerably more varied with good representation from all major food groups. Anthropometric assessment indicated that migrant worker children had values for weight and triceps skinfold thickness that were low compared to American standards. Values for height, arm circumference, and arm muscle circumference were average compared to American standards. Well-to-do children exceeded American standards for all anthropometric parameters measured. Biochemical investigations of protein and iron status were also conducted. Serum total protein and albumin levels were normal in most subjects in both groups. However, many migrant worker, children had low values for hematocrit, serum iron, and transferrin saturation. Most well-to-do children had normal values for these parameters. Hemoglobin levels were adequate in most subjects. Physical work performance was found to be impaired in migrant worker children. Exercise heart rates and post-exercise blood lactic acid levels in response to a standardized bicycle-ergometer work test were significantly higher in migrant worker compared to wel1-to-do children. In addition, a significant correlation was found between anthropometric indicators of nutritional status and parameters of physical work performance. Finally, socio-economic and ecological assessment indicated that the living conditions of migrant worker children were impoverished and unsanitary. This probably aggravated health problems such as infections that were found to occur among these children. Well-to-do children did not share these conditions. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate
42

Efficacy of Game On! The Ultimate Wellness Challenge in Increasing Nutrition Knowledge Among Elementary School Children

Seher, Christin L. 02 September 2008 (has links)
No description available.
43

Padr?es de consumo alimentar e asma na inf?ncia

Freitas, Ang?lica Morgana Ara?jo 30 May 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-07-13T20:17:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO ANGELICA MORGANA ARAUJO FREITAS.pdf: 1833061 bytes, checksum: 081dc5035b1ca984a8f0cdb773b6a1b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T20:17:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO ANGELICA MORGANA ARAUJO FREITAS.pdf: 1833061 bytes, checksum: 081dc5035b1ca984a8f0cdb773b6a1b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-30 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Asthma is an important public health issue. Studies show food patterns among the factors associated with asthma and point to breastfeeding as a protective factor. However, this matter is not entirely clear.This study aims to identify the food consumption patterns of preschool children, using latent class analysis (LCA), and to evaluate the association between eating patterns and other factors with active asthmain children in the sixth year of life.This is a cohort epidemiological study using a cross-sectional analysis with the participation of 672 children from the segment of a living birth cohort initiated in 2004, in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.The eating patterns were identified through LCA, from indicators consisting of food groups taking into accounttheir chemical composition and the industrial processing to which they were submitted.Active asthma was identified through a questionnaire validated in Brazil, which considers the presence of asthma symptoms in the previous 12 months. Socioeconomic and demographic data as well as life and health habits were collected.In the bivariate analysis, the significance level of 5% was considered. The logistic regression model was adopted to obtain crude and adjusted OR. The results were presented in two articles. Aiming to identify food patterns in the preschoolstage, three eating patterns were found through LCA in article 1: "Inadequate" (32.49% of the children), composed of children who presented a higher probability of ultra-processed food consumption;"Mixed" (54.63%), in which most of the children were allocated; "Traditional" (12.87%), considered the healthiest, because it presents lower probabilities of ultra-processed food consumption.In article 2, which sought to assess the association between eating patterns and other factors to asthma,a prevalence of 13.8% of active asthma was found. After adjusted analysis, the following associated factors were identified: maternal history of asthma OR = 2.58 (95% CI: 1.55-4.29), male OR = 1.60 (95% CI: 1.01-2.54) and exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months OR = 0.61 (0.38-0.98). There was no statistically significant association between eating patterns and asthma OR = 1.30 (95% CI: 0.79-2.14). / A asma ? um importante problema de sa?de p?blica. Estudos apontam os padr?es alimentares dentre os fatores associados a asma e apontam o aleitamento materno como fator protetor. Entretanto, essa quest?o n?o est? totalmente esclarecida. O presente estudo visa identificar os padr?es de consumo alimentar de crian?as pr?-escolares, utilizando a an?lise de classes latentes (ACL) e avaliar a associa??o entre padr?es alimentares e de outros fatores com a asma ativa em crian?as no sexto ano de vida. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiol?gico de coorte com an?lise transversal, com a participa??o de 672 crian?as no seguimento de uma coorte de nascidos vivos iniciada em 2004 em Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil. Os padr?es alimentares foram identificados por meio da ACL, a partir de indicadores compostos por grupos alimentares, que consideram sua composi??o qu?mica e o processamento industrial ao qual foram submetidos. A asma ativa foi identificada por meio de question?rio validado no Brasil, que considera a presen?a de sintomas de asma nos ?ltimos 12 meses. Foram coletados dados socioecon?micos e demogr?ficos e h?bitos de vida e sa?de.Na an?lise bivariada considerou-se o n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. O modelo de regress?o log?stica foi adotado para obten??o da OR bruta e ajustada. Os resultados foram apresentados em dois artigos. No artigo 1, com objetivo de identificar os padr?es alimentares na fase pr?-escolar, foram encontrados3 padr?es alimentares a partir da ACL: ?inadequado? (32,49% das crian?as), composto por crian?as que apresentaram maior probabilidade de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados; ?misto? (54,63%), no qual ficaram alocadas a maior parte das crian?as; ?tradicional? (12,87%), considerado o mais saud?vel, por apresentar menores probabilidades de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. No artigo 2, que buscou avaliar a associa??o entre padr?es alimentares e outros fatores a asma, encontrou-se uma preval?ncia de asma ativa de 13,8%. Ap?s an?lise ajustada, identificaram-se os seguintes fatores associados: hist?ria materna de asma OR = 2,58 (IC 95%: 1,55-4,29); sexo masculino OR=1,60 (IC 95%: 1,01-2,54) e aleitamento materno exclusivo at? os 6 meses OR=0,61 (0,38-0,98). N?o foi identificada associa??o estatisticamente significante entre padr?es alimentares e asma OR=1,30 (IC 95%: 0,79-2,14).
44

Desenvolvimento de questionário quantitativo de frequência alimentar e adaptação do índice de alimentação saudável para crianças de 13 a 35 meses / Development of Quantitative Questionnaire Food Frequency and adaptation in the Healthy Eating Index for children from 13 to 35 month.

Conceição, Sueli Ismael Oliveira da 27 April 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-20T20:00:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SueliOliveira.pdf: 3219985 bytes, checksum: b986b42d6a6d6881bfec54d43b42055e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T20:00:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SueliOliveira.pdf: 3219985 bytes, checksum: b986b42d6a6d6881bfec54d43b42055e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-27 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The lack of dietary instruments that allow to know the eating habits of children in a practical way, more accurate, less costly and that relate to diet with health outcomes is necessary to their development. This study aimed to: develop a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), adapt the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) North American to Brazilian dietary recommendations, assess their applicability and analyze the overall quality of the diet of children. In the first article elaborated the WHO list from three dietary Recalls Surveys 24 hours (RS24h) applied to mothers or guardians of 206 children from 13 to 32 months old from Sao Luis - MA. Composed the list food items that contributed 90% of energy intake and from eight nutrients. The FFQ included 77 food items that with eight categories of frequency of use, portions defined as small, medium and large and the previous time to the consumption of six months. Proven its validity and reproducibility the FFQ may be useful for epidemiological studies to evaluate the possible relationship between diet and health outcomes of children. In the second article the sample consisted of 1185 children from 13 to 35 months old São Luís-MA. Food consumption was estimated by applying a Recalls Surveys from 24 hours (RS24h) and it was made the adjusting of intrapersonal variability. The Pearson or Spearman coefficients were used to evaluate the correlation between the scores of HEI adapted to its components, energy and dietary nutrients. The quality of the diet was assessed by adapted HEI. The average of the HEI was 74.8 (± 13.2) points, with 58.7% of the children showing diets that need improvement and 36.6% with good quality diets. There was a positive correlation between the HEI and variety of diet, food groups, energy, protein, vitamins A, C, B1, B2, B6, folate, iron and zinc; and negative with total fat, saturated fat and sodium (p <0.05). The adapted HEI was adequate to assess the quality of the overall diet of children / A carência de instrumentos dietéticos que possibilitam conhecer os hábitos alimentares das crianças de forma prática, mais acurada, com menor custo e que relacionam a dieta com desfechos na saúde torna necessário o seu desenvolvimento. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: desenvolver um Questionário Quantitativo de Frequência Alimentar (QQFA), adaptar o Índice da Alimentação Saudável (IAS) norte-americano às recomendações dietéticas brasileiras, avaliar a sua aplicabilidade e analisar a qualidade global da dieta das crianças. No primeiro artigo elaborou-se a lista do QQFA a partir de três Inquéritos Recordatórios de 24 horas (IR24h) aplicados às mães ou responsáveis por 206 crianças de 13 a 32 meses de idade, da cidade de São Luís - MA. Compuseram a lista os itens alimentares que contribuíram com 90% da ingestão de energia e de oito nutrientes. O QQFA contemplou 77 itens alimentares, oito categorias de frequência de consumo, porções definidas em pequena, média e grande e tempo precedente para o consumo de seis meses. Comprovadas sua validade e reprodutibilidade o QQFA poderá ser útil em estudos epidemiológicos para avaliar as possíveis relações entre dieta e desfechos na saúde da criança. No segundo artigo a amostra foi constituída por 1185 crianças de 13 a 32 meses de idade, da cidade de São Luís - MA. Estimou-se consumo alimentar pela aplicação de um IR24h e fez-se o ajuste da variabilidade intrapessoal. Os coeficientes de Pearson ou Spearman foram utilizados para avaliar a correlação entre os escores do IAS adaptado com os seus componentes, a energia e nutrientes da dieta. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada pelo IAS adaptado. A média do IAS foi de 74,8 (± 13,2) pontos, com 58,7% das crianças apresentando dietas que precisam melhorar e 36,6 % com dietas de boa qualidade. Houve correlação positiva entre o IAS e variedade da dieta, grupos de alimentos, energia, proteína, vitaminas A, C, B1, B2, B6, folato, ferro e zinco; e negativas com gordura total, gordura saturada e sódio (p<0,05). O IAS adaptado mostrou-se adequado para avaliar a qualidade da dieta global das crianças.
45

Family Structure and Child Malnutrition in China: Three Essays

He, Wei January 2013 (has links)
<p>Over the past three decades, the phenomenon of children's health in China has been marked by a co-existence of overweight and underweight. As the primary institution for a child, family is an opportune place for child malnutrition intervention. By advancing a framework that addresses the contextual factors which shape the heterogeneity of socioeconomic gradients of child overweight/obesity, this dissertation has sought to understand the channels through which access to family resources influences child overweight/obesity in China. Based on these developed understandings, I identified the mechanisms by which having any younger siblings and three generation living together or proximately affect child malnutrition in China. Using data drawn from China Health and Nutrition Survey, this dissertation uncovered remarkable differences in multiple levels of contextual factors that shape a child's risk of overweight/obesity and underweight in China as compared to Western society. China's stage of economic development together with the drastically increasing income inequality has created an ever-increasing socioeconomic gap in child overweight/obesity, especially after 1997. This finding confirmed the position of the Ecological System framework that access to obesogenic environment is much more important than willpower based on knowledge in shaping one's obesity-related risk behavior. Although the fertility level has been lowered by One Child Policy, resource dilution effect still affects girls' nutrition status, especially for those exposed to poverty and food insecurity. Children in the care of grandparents are healthier, probably due to the generally low degree of access to obesogenic foods and a closer intergenerational relationship that facilitates effective communication and promotes healthy lifestyle formation.</p> / Dissertation
46

Food advertisements during children's television programming in 2007 : comparison with ads in 1994 and the 2005 dietary recommendations.

Nelson, Erin Renee. Hoelscher, Deanna M. Xiong, Momiao. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2008. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-05, page: 2658. Adviser: Deanna M. Hoelscher. Includes bibliographical references.
47

Sledování nutriční kvality školních obědů a hodnocení pestrosti jídelního lístku na vybrané základní škole / Nutritional quality of school dinners and evaluation of menu variety at choice elementary school

PLOJHAROVÁ, Anna January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
48

Manipuladores de alimentos atuantes em um abrigo institucional: discutindo o processo de educação permanente / Working food handlers in an institutional house: discussing the process of permanent education

Silva, Angela Lima da January 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T13:27:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017 / As práticas alimentares infantis compreendem diversos fatores como os alimentos consumidos, sua disponibilidade, influências culturais e midiáticas, mas principalmente são influenciadas pelo conhecimento, vivências e experiências da mãe e/ou cuidador. Tratando-se de crianças acolhidas pelo Estado, estas dependem dos cuidados de diversas pessoas, que trazem em sua prática profissional suas influências culturais e educacionais construídas ao longo da vida, que muitas vezes, não condiz com práticas alimentares adequadas, podendo repercutir negativamente sobre a saúde infantil. Diante deste cenário, o objetivo deste estudo foi discutir demandas e expectativas de profissionais envolvidos com a alimentação infantil de um serviço de acolhimento institucional (abrigo) que atende crianças de 0 a 3 anos, para processos de educação permanente. Nesta investigação, optou-se por uma pesquisa qualitativa, na modalidade estudo de caso, tendo como participantes manipuladoras de alimentos e agentes de proteção social (cuidadoras) atuantes em um serviço de acolhimento institucional. A produção de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante, analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo, do tipo temática, permitindo a construção de quatro núcleos temáticos, que revelou o perfil dos profissionais envolvidos na alimentação infantil, bem como os saberes e concepções trazidos em sua prática profissional, a compreensão do seu papel no desenvolvimento e crescimento das crianças, as facilidades, dificuldades e limitações da atuação profissional, e por fim, mostrou como ocorre o processo de formação para atuarem com alimentação infantil. Deste modo, as práticas alimentares e de cuidado às crianças adotadas no cotidiano dos profissionais pesquisados são guiadas pelos saberes e concepções pautados em influências socioculturais e na experiência pessoal vivida com a maternidade, caminhando, muitas vezes, na contramão das recomendações nutricionais e alimentares vigentes. Pode-se apreender que as cuidadoras tem dificuldade para diferenciar seu papel profissional com o de mãe, diferentemente das manipuladoras de alimentos, que se percebem como educadoras, atuando ativamente na formação dos hábitos alimentares. Revelou-se a dificuldade que os profissionais tem para enxergar as potencialidades de seu trabalho, assim como identificar que algumas atividades fazem parte da atribuição de cuidador. A presença de cardápio foi considerada como potencialidade e a ausência de material de trabalho e carga horária extensa como dificultadores da atuação profissional. O processo de formação destes profissionais é pautado na perspectiva do ensino tradicional, com ações pontuais fora do ambiente de trabalho, focado na transmissão de informações e procedimentos técnicos, utilizando metodologias de ensino tradicionais. Identificou-se a necessidade do processo formativo destes profissionais ser construído de acordo com as particularidades do serviço, considerando seus saberes e percepções, possibilitando a reflexão crítica sobre a prática profissional e a autonomia do sujeito na construção do seu conhecimento e cidadania. / Children's feeding practices include various factors such as food consumption, availability, cultural and media influences, but are mainly influenced by the knowledge, experiences and experiences of the mother and / or caregiver. In the case of children received by the State, these depend on the care of several people, who bring their cultural and educational influences throughout their lives into their professional practice, which often does not comply with appropriate feeding practices, and may have a negative impact on the Children's health. Based on this scenario, the aim of this study was to discuss the demands and expectations of professionals involved with infant feeding from an institutional sheltering service that serves children from 0 to 3 years old, in order for the education process. In this research, we chose a qualitative research, in the case study modality, having as food handlers participants and social protection agents (caregivers) acting in an institutional reception service. The data were produced through a semi-structured interview and participant observation, analyzed according to the content analysis technique, thematic type, allowing the construction of four thematic nucleo, which revealed the profile of the professionals involved in infant feeding, as well as the knowledge and the conceptions brought from their professional practice, the understanding of their role in the development and growth of the children, the facilities, difficulties and limitations of the professional performance, and finally, showed how the training process occurs for them to work with infant feeding. Thus, the food practices and care of the adopted children in the daily life of the professionals studied are guided by the knowledge and conceptions based on sociocultural influences and the personal experience lived with motherhood, going against the current nutritional and food recommendations. It can be observed that caregivers have difficulty distinguishing their professional role as their mother, unlike the food handlers, who perceive themselves as educators, acting actively in the formation of the eating habits. It was revealed the difficulty that the professionals have to see the potentialities of their work, as well as to identify that some activities are part of the caregiver assignment. The presence of menu was considered as potentiality and the absence of work material and extensive workload as a hindrance to professional performance. The training process of these professionals is based on the perspective of traditional teaching, with occasional actions outside the work environment, focused on the transmission of information and technical procedures, using traditional teaching methodologies. Thus, it was identified the need of the training process of these professionals to be constructed according to the particularities of the service, considering their knowledge and perceptions, enabling the critical reflection on professional practice and the autonomy of the subject in the construction of their knowledge and citizenship.
49

Impacto de intervenção pró-aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar saudável nos indicadores antropométricos aos 4-7 anos de idade : ensaio clínico randomizado com mães adolescentes e avós

Schwartz, Renata January 2014 (has links)
Introdução: Este trabalho é a continuação de um ensaio clínico randomizado conduzido em Porto Alegre, RS, com mães adolescentes e avós maternas, nos anos de 2006 a 2008, cujo objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma intervenção pró-aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar saudável nas prevalências de aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) nos primeiros quatro meses de vida e nas prevalências de aleitamento materno (AM) e adoção de alimentação complementar saudável e em tempo oportuno no primeiro ano de vida. A intervenção mostrou-se eficaz no aumento da duração do AME e das prevalências de AM no primeiro ano de vida, além de ter impacto positivo contra a introdução precoce dos alimentos complementares. Muitos estudos sugerem que o padrão e a duração do AM e a idade do início e qualidade da alimentação complementar estão associados às prevalências de excesso de peso em crianças. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto, no médio prazo, de intervenção pró-AM e alimentação complementar saudável, realizada nos primeiros quatro meses de vida com mães adolescentes e avós maternas, no crescimento das crianças em idade pré-escolar, com ênfase nas prevalências de excesso de peso. Método: Realizou-se um ensaio clínico randomizado com 323 mães adolescentes, seus bebês e as avós maternas, residentes na mesma casa. As participantes do grupo intervenção (mães e avós, quando em coabitação) receberam sessões de aconselhamento em AM na maternidade e aos 7, 15, 30, 60 e 120 dias no domicílio. Na última sessão, aos quatro meses de vida da criança, também se abordou a introdução da alimentação complementar a partir dos seis meses, com base no Guia Alimentar para Crianças Brasileiras Menores de Dois Anos, com distribuição de um livreto sobre o tema. Quando as crianças tinham entre 4 e 7 anos, as mães foram novamente entrevistadas sobre os hábitos alimentares das crianças, que foram pesadas e medidas. Para avaliar o estado nutricional, foram utilizados os indicadores IMC/idade e altura/idade, tendo como referência as novas curvas e os parâmetros da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os dados foram submetidos à análise multivariada de Regressão de Poisson com estimação robusta, com intenção de tratar. Resultados: Das 323 crianças que iniciaram o estudo, 207 (64,1%) foram localizadas no seguimento. Não houve diferença nas características sociodemográficas entre os participantes que concluíram o estudo e os perdidos ao longo do seguimento. Das 207 crianças, 98 (46,9%) pertenciam ao grupo intervenção e 109 (53,1%) ao grupo controle. Os índices antropométricos IMC/idade e altura/idade foram semelhantes nas crianças dos dois grupos. Excesso de peso foi encontrado em 39% das crianças do grupo intervenção e em 31% das do grupo controle, não havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos (p=0,318). Também não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos com relação ao consumo de alimentos saudáveis e não saudáveis. Conclusões: A intervenção realizada nos primeiros quatro meses de vida, apesar de ter aumentado a duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e do AM e adiado a introdução dos alimentos complementares, não teve impacto no crescimento e na prevalência de excesso de peso das crianças em idade pré-escolar. A diversidade e a complexidade dos fatores envolvidos nos hábitos alimentares das crianças e o fato de a intervenção não ter sido continuada além dos quatro meses de vida podem explicar esse resultado. / Introduction: This study is an extension of a randomized clinical trial of adolescent mothers and maternal grandmothers, conducted in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, between 2006 and 2008, which sought to assess the efficacy of a pro-breastfeeding (BF) and healthy complementary feeding intervention in increasing the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first 4 months of life, the prevalence of overall BF during the first year of life, and the prevalence of timely introduction of healthy complementary feeding during the first year of life. The intervention proved to be effective in increasing the duration of EBF and the prevalence of BF during the first year of life, and had a positive impact against the early introduction of complementary feeding. Many studies suggest that the pattern and duration of BF and the quality and age at onset of complementary feeding are associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity later in childhood. Objective: To assess the medium-term impact of a pro-BF and healthy complementary feeding intervention administered to adolescent mothers and maternal grandmothers during the first 4 months of life of the infant on child growth at preschool age, with particular emphasis on the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Methods: A randomized clinical trial of 323 adolescent mothers, their infants, and the infants’ maternal grandmothers (when they cohabited) was conducted. Participants in the intervention group (mothers and, when they cohabited, grandmothers) received BF counseling sessions at the maternity ward and at home, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 120 days after delivery. During the last session, when infants were aged 4 months, counseling also addressed introduction of complementary feeding starting at age 6 months, based on the guidelines provided in the Guia Alimentar para Crianças Brasileiras Menores de 2 Anos, and participants were given a booklet on the topic. When the children were aged 4 to 7 years, they were weighed and measured and their mothers were once again questioned as to the children’s dietary habits. BMI-for-age and height-for-age were employed to assess nutritional status, using the new World Health Organization growth standards as a reference. Multivariate Poisson regression with robust estimation was used for data analysis, which followed the intention-to-treat principle. Results: Of the 323 children enrolled in the study, 207 (64.1%) were located at follow-up. There were no differences in sociodemographic characteristics between participants who completed the study and those lost to follow-up. Of the 207 children who completed the trial, 98 (46.9%) had been allocated to the intervention group and 109 (53.1%) to the control group. The anthropometric indicators BMI-for-age and height-for-age were similar in both groups. Overweight was observed in 39% of children in the intervention group and 31% of those in the control group, with no significant between-group difference (p=0.318). There were no significant between-group differences in intake of healthy or unhealthy foods. Conclusions: Although it prolonged the duration of EBF and BF and delayed the start of complementary feeding, the tested intervention had no impact on growth or prevalence of overweight and obesity in the children at preschool age. The diversity and complexity of factors involved in children’s dietary habits and the fact that the intervention was not continued past age 4 months may explain this finding.
50

Hodnocení nutriční kvality školních obědů a sledování stravovacích návyků a jejich změn u studentů víceletého gymnázia / Nutritional quality evaluation of school dinners and monitoring of food habits and their changes at students of multiannual gymnasium

HAVEL, David January 2012 (has links)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the eating habits of students at a grammar school. We directly monitored students of the first, third, fifth and seventh year of an eight-year grammar school in Trebon during the academic year 2010/2011. The research can be divided into several parts. The first part of this work consists of evaluating the nutritional quality of lunches of selected micronutrients and macronutrients and comparison with the standard requirements for the age brackets. The second part is focused on the diversity of diets in terms of representation of individual foods and meals. These data were compared with the recommended consumption basket. In the third part I monitored eating habits of students by using a questionnaire survey. In the fourth part there is a comparison of BMI values of individual pupils at the beginning and at the end of the school year, including the assignment of percentile. The hypothesis test was evaluated in the fifth part of this thesis. Regarding to the analysis of the various menus was found that annual energy intake from lunch of the students in the first and third year of a grammar school was less than the recommended values. By the contrast this is met by students in the fifth and seventh year of an eight-year grammar school. Annual protein intake from lunch in all classes reached the high value. Fat intake by the students in the first and the third year was in a range of the recommended standards. A slight increase of the macronutrients was found out in meal of students in the fifth and seventh year. The daily recommended intake of carbohydrate was in the average year-round directly lower; about 3,3% the first class, 3,6% the third class and 2,05% the seventh class. Lunch in the fifth year of an eight-year grammar school achieved the desired quantity. The analysis also shows that the intake of dietary fibre was at all four classes of students in sufficient quantities. The intake of calcium in all classes was lower than the recommended standard. The intake of magnesium was higher in all classes than is recommended. Lunch of students in all classes contains a sufficient representation of other minerals. The daily recommended intake of vitamin A in all classes was higher than the given recommended valueThe daily recommended dose of vitamin C was received in the amount of 108% in the first class, 117% in the third, 128,4% in the fifth, 125,6% in the seventh. According to the research vitamin B6 and B12 was received in excess. By comparing the diversity of menus was found that the consumption of yeast soup fails. Pulses soups were represented by the standard. This research also discovered the lack of meat-less/vegetarian meals, chicken and pulses meals. On the other hand fried, sweet meals and pork meat was chosen very often. It should be noted that diversity is influenced by the students themselves, by their choice at all. The survey shows that there is the same amount of students who have breakfast and the same amount of those who don´t. The eating of morning and afternoon snacks is likely rare. Student who took part in this survey also pointed out that they have lunch regularly in the school canteen. Nobody mention his/her distaste to daily consumption of fruit or vegetables. The fluid intake was inadequate in most cases. BMI for most students is in the norm. There is only a minimum of respondents with low weight, overweight or obese. Hypothesis testing has not shown that the missing breakfast causes higher BMI. The level of eating at the eight-year grammar school measured in the studied canteen corresponds to the most evaluated parameters to the nutritional requirements of children's ages. Consumer basket is filled, but the variety of the menu is influenced by the consumers themselves.

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