The introduction of Education, Health and Care (EHC) plans proposed in the Children and Families Act 2014 has aimed to give parents and children who are going through the assessment process greater control and choice in decisions, and enhance the multi-professional collaboration between education, health services and social care. This research seeks to evaluate to what extent parents’, children and young people’s, and professionals' experiences correspond to these values at an early stage of implementation. The methodology of this thesis is based on a realistic evaluation framework informed by the work of Pawson and Tilley (1997). Realistic evaluation aims to construct a programme theory which links three distinct broad aspects of a programme: its context, mechanisms and outcomes (C-M-Os). This research employs a programme theory of how an EHC assessment is conducted and has been developed from the current literature on person-centred theory. Person-centred theory has been chosen because of its corresponding value base to the SEND reforms and the recommendation of its use in a number of government policy documents including the SEND Code of Practice (DfE, 2014). The programme theory has been used to devise questionnaires that have sought to gain professionals' experiences of the assessment process, particularly in relation to multi-agency working, and their perceptions of the person-centred nature of the assessment. In addition, five case studies have explored these issues in more depth to ascertain whether the EHC assessment process in this authority is meeting the core aims of the Children and Families Act 2014. Semi structured interviews and card sorting tasks were devised using the programme theory and conducted with a total of one child, five families and five professionals from five individual EHC assessments. This analysis goes beyond a description of the facilitating factors and barriers to person-centred support and examines how person-centred outcomes arise from specific contexts and mechanisms. Findings suggest that experiences of face-to-face multi-professional collaboration were positive within the EHC assessment group. Nevertheless, professionals expressed frustration that in some cases colleagues were not able to attend meetings due to time constraints, capacity within their services and the commissioning arrangements of their services. Parental and professional experiences of the process appear to be positive. The research demonstrates one case study where a person centred planning approach was utilised very successfully from the perspective of all involved. However, there are significant concerns raised in both phases of this study as to the way in which children and young people are provided with opportunities of contributing to their EHC assessment. The findings are relevant to the development of the EHC assessment process in the local authority (LA) in which I am employed, and will contribute to the debate about the role of educational psychologists (EPs) in evaluating this national policy.

Esta tese apresenta um estudo sobre a criação literária de Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoé, escrita em 1719. Seu estatuto de obra clássica com inúmeras adaptações inserea numa cadeia discursiva de porte extraordinário, na qual o personagem revela-se um mito. O presente estudo, alicerçado no conceito de compreensão criadora de Mikhail Bakhtin, buscou uma ampliação de sentidos na análise do objeto empírico, com os seguintes objetivos: questionar um possível uso de obras clássicas como fetiches, o esvaziamento de seus sentidos e averiguar a hipótese de Robinson Crusoé ser um protótipo do homem como ser de linguagem, metalinguístico. O levantamento de tal hipótese foi possível pela concepção da dialogia da linguagem, entendida no conceito do Círculo de Bakhtin. A metodologia utilizada constou de sucessivas leituras da obra em questão, seleção de atos de linguagem expressos pelo personagem e sua categorização. A partir daí foram buscadas as representações do Outro nos enunciados de Robinson durante o período de seu total isolamento na ilha em que naufragou; a procura foi norteada pelo conceito da constituição dialógica da palavra, dado que no contexto de enunciação não havia presença real de interlocutores. Como forma de enfatizar o caráter dialógico da linguagem, realizou-se, também, uma seleção de marcas do Outro no relato autobiográfico do personagem (a obra em seu todo), algumas delas explicitamente visualizadas. As reflexões de diferentes autores acham-se presentes neste estudo: Roland Barthes, Michel de Certeau, Jeanne Marie Gagnebin, Ivonne Bordelois, Zygmunt Bauman, Dominique Maingueneau, Fernando Savater, David Olson, George Steiner. Os resultados do trabalho atestam a propriedade da hipótese formulada e demonstram a força da linguagem na vida humana, confirmando a necessidade de valorização da palavra em meio à crise cultural presente na modernidade líquida. / The following thesis presents a study on Daniel Defoes literary creation Robinson Crusoe, written in 1719. Its status as a literary classic that has been the subject of endless adaptations gives Robinson Crusoe an extraordinary position in the discursive chain, revealing the character as a myth. The present study, based on Mikhail Bakhtins concept of creative understanding, sought to amplify the meanings in the analysis of its empirical object, with the following aims: to question the possible use of classic works as fetishes, to empty its meanings and to investigate the hypothesis of Robinson Crusoe being a prototype of man as a being of language, a metalinguistic being. This hypothesis was enabled by the concept of the dialogism of language, understood within the concept of Bakhtins Circle. The methodology employed consisted of successive readings of the work, the selection of acts of language expressed by the character, and their classification into categories. From this basis, the representations of the Other in Robinsons enunciations during his period of total isolation on the island where he was shipwrecked were sought; the search was guided by the concept of the dialogic constitution of speech, since within the context of the enunciation there were no actual conversational partners present. To stress the dialogic character of language, a selection was also made of the signs of the Other in the characters autobiographical account (the work as a whole), some of which were explicitly visualized. The reflections of different authors are present in this study: Roland Barthes, Michel de Certeau, Jeanne Marie Gagnebin, Ivonne Bordelois, Zygmunt Bauman, Dominique Maingueneau, Fernando Savater, David Olson, and George Steiner. The results of this study confirm the correctness of the hypothesis proposed and demonstrate the strength of language in human life, supporting the need to value speech in the midst of the cultural crisis of liquid modernity.

<p><strong>Bakgrund:</strong> Det har visat sig att en utökad samverkan behövs för att fånga upp de barn och unga som far illa i samhället idag. Därför initierade regeringen år 2006 en nationell samverkanssatsning där målet var att långsiktigt stärka samverkan mellan berörda myndigheter. I anslutning till satsningen som nyligen avslutats har några dokument publicerats, bland annat ett strategidokument vars syfte var att stöda samverkansarbetet, samt en formativ utvärdering som sammanfattar erfarenheterna från projekten. I dokumenten framträdde inledningsvis en otydlig bild av vad som menas med kommunikation samt motstridiga budskap om hur kommunikationen fungerat.</p><p><strong>Syfte</strong>: Syftet med studien var att få en större förståelse för hur begreppet kommunikation kan förstås samt för hur det beskrivs att kommunikationen fungerat i samverkanssatsningen.</p><p><strong>Metod:</strong> En hermeneutisk textanalys har gjorts på ovanstående dokument för att försöka tydliggöra och förstå de oklarheter och paradoxala budskap som kunnat urskiljas i texterna.</p><p><strong>Resultat:</strong> Trots otydliga uttalanden visade textanalysen på att kommunikation i mångt och mycket kan förstås som ett verktyg eller medel för att uppnå en gemensam bas för samverkan. Kommunikation är vidare ett sätt att utbyta kunskap och information på, samt en väg till förståelse. Resultatet visar även att förhållningssättet till kommunikation till stor del överensstämmer med hur kommunikation traditionellt sett brukar uppfattas inom organisationer. På frågan om hur kommunikationen ansetts fungera mellan de samverkande var det svårt att få fram en enhetlig bild. I utvärderingen går det att läsa att det skett få eller inga förbättringar alls, medan det utifrån analysen av dokumentet i sin helhet finns uttalanden som talar både för och emot.</p>

Bakgrund: Det har visat sig att en utökad samverkan behövs för att fånga upp de barn och unga som far illa i samhället idag. Därför initierade regeringen år 2006 en nationell samverkanssatsning där målet var att långsiktigt stärka samverkan mellan berörda myndigheter. I anslutning till satsningen som nyligen avslutats har några dokument publicerats, bland annat ett strategidokument vars syfte var att stöda samverkansarbetet, samt en formativ utvärdering som sammanfattar erfarenheterna från projekten. I dokumenten framträdde inledningsvis en otydlig bild av vad som menas med kommunikation samt motstridiga budskap om hur kommunikationen fungerat. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att få en större förståelse för hur begreppet kommunikation kan förstås samt för hur det beskrivs att kommunikationen fungerat i samverkanssatsningen. Metod: En hermeneutisk textanalys har gjorts på ovanstående dokument för att försöka tydliggöra och förstå de oklarheter och paradoxala budskap som kunnat urskiljas i texterna. Resultat: Trots otydliga uttalanden visade textanalysen på att kommunikation i mångt och mycket kan förstås som ett verktyg eller medel för att uppnå en gemensam bas för samverkan. Kommunikation är vidare ett sätt att utbyta kunskap och information på, samt en väg till förståelse. Resultatet visar även att förhållningssättet till kommunikation till stor del överensstämmer med hur kommunikation traditionellt sett brukar uppfattas inom organisationer. På frågan om hur kommunikationen ansetts fungera mellan de samverkande var det svårt att få fram en enhetlig bild. I utvärderingen går det att läsa att det skett få eller inga förbättringar alls, medan det utifrån analysen av dokumentet i sin helhet finns uttalanden som talar både för och emot.

Syftet med studien har varit att beskriva och förstå socialsekreterares erfarenheter av etiska dilemman som de upplevde i arbetet med ensamkommande barn och unga under 2015/2016 samt hur socialsekreterare hanterade dessa. Studien har haft en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Sammanlagt har sju socialsekreterare från Västmanlands län som arbetade med ensamkommande barn och unga under 2015/2016 deltagit i studien. Studiens resultat har analyserats och tolkats utifrån teorin om coping, normativ etik och även tidigare forskning på området. Studiens resultat visar att socialsekreterare inom socialtjänsten ställdes inför en mängd svårigheter men som inte var renodlade etiska dilemman, utan hade karaktärer i form av etiska svårigheter och problem. Dessa etiska svårigheter har uppstått på flera arenor, i samverkan med Migrationsverket, ur en politiskt styrd organisation med riktlinjer och ekonomiska restriktioner samt i mötet med barn och ungdomar. Resultatet visar även att socialsekreterarna påverkats och berörts både privat som professionellt. Fem av sju socialsekreterare har varit sjukskrivna under perioden och flera har haft svårt att hantera etiska svårigheter. Socialsekreterarna har hanterat dessa etiska svårigheter genom att använda olika copingstrategier. / The purpose of this study has been to describe and understand social workers’ experiences of dealing with ethical dilemmas that arose in the work with unaccompanied children and young people during 2015/2016, and how social workers’ handled these dilemmas. The study has had a qualitative research method with semi-structured interviews. In total, seven social workers from the county of Västmanland, Sweden, who worked with unaccompanied children and young people during 2015/2016, participated in the study. The results of the study have been analysed and interpreted based on the theory of coping, normative ethics and also previous research in the field. The results of the study show that social workers faced a lot of difficulties, but were not purely ethical dilemmas, but had characters in the form of ethical difficulties and problems. These ethical difficulties have arisen in several arenas, in collaboration with the Swedish Migration Board, from a politically-driven organization with guidelines and economic constraints as well as in the meeting with children and young people. The result also shows that the social wokers have been affected both privately and professionally. Five out of seven social workers have been sick-listed during the period, and several have had difficulty coping with ethical difficulties. The social workers have dealt with these ethical difficulties using different coping strategies.

Esta investigação se inscreve no campo da educação, mais especificadamente nos processos educativos não formais. Trata das trajetórias de vida de crianças e adolescentes que passaram por medida de proteção de acolhimento institucional, constituindo, dessa forma, o objeto de investigação desse estudo. Os procedimentos administrativos pertencentes ao Ministério Público – 4ª Promotoria de Justiça Especializada da Infância e Juventude da Cidade de Caxias do Sul no período compreendido entre os anos 1990 a 2011, bem como as narrativas produzidas em entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro egressos dos serviços de acolhimento do município, constituem o corpus empírico deste texto, o qual foi construído na perspectiva da análise textual discursiva, metodologia de tratamento dos dados cunhada por Roque Moraes (2011). Os percursos metodológicos passaram também pelos preceitos da história cultural, incluindo a história oral e a análise documental. A pesquisa objetivou entender os motivos e significados que levaram crianças e adolescentes ao afastamento da família, alguns nem sempre como uma medida provisória, como orienta o Estatuto da Criança e dos Adolescentes (ECA). A análise do material construído apontou que dois acolhidos, do sexo masculino, vivenciaram a situação de acolhimento de forma satisfatória, uma vez que apreenderam vivências e experiências que consideram hoje contribuir para suas relações familiares e sociais; em contrapartida, as duas outras entrevistadas narraram um grande ressentimento ao não terem seus sentimentos reconhecidos e respeitados pelos profissionais que exercem as suas atividades laborativas nas instituições, e ainda, salientaram os malefícios da transferência de instituições quando completaram doze anos de idade. Os procedimentos do Ministério Público corroboraram com os dados disponibilizados pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça, destacando que há na cidade mais sujeitos do sexo masculino em situação de acolhimento do que do sexo feminino. Ainda, apontaram a falta de conhecimento e preparo, por parte do Conselho Tutelar, no momento de afastar uma criança/adolescente de seu núcleo familiar de origem. De forma complementar, realizou-se uma análise das constâncias e (in) constâncias jurídicas na história da infância no Brasil, utilizando como contribuição teórica o entendimento de Norbert Elias (1993, 1994, 2011). Para a efetivação do estudo, procurou-se estabelecer um diálogo com autores que discorrem sobre os temas analisados, tais como: Claudia Fonseca (2000, 2006, 2009, 2012), Irene Rizzini (2000, 2007, 2008), Vicente Faleiros (1995, 2008), Renato Caminha (1999), Maria Luiza Marcílio (2006), entre outros. Com as análises efetivadas, o texto concluiu que o conjunto de leis e diretrizes contribuem para o fortalecimento do trabalho realizado com este público, contudo ainda faltam políticas públicas articuladas, que previnam o rompimento de laços familiares e comunitários das crianças e adolescentes do nosso país. Estima-se que a contribuição da pesquisa está, pois, na articulação entre aspectos de uma história de longa duração – o processo de institucionalização de crianças e adolescentes no Brasil – e uma história do tempo presente – trazendo parte dos territórios íntimos dos sujeitos abrigados e/ou acolhidos, em contextos de alargamento da compreensão da educação para além dos muros da escola, vinculando-a a um processo de socialização. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-30T12:21:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Letícia Borges Poletto.pdf: 7558623 bytes, checksum: 7edaa93f39ac68dae62dbd9b760406a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-30T12:21:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Letícia Borges Poletto.pdf: 7558623 bytes, checksum: 7edaa93f39ac68dae62dbd9b760406a3 (MD5) / This research is inscribed into the area of education, more specifically into non-formal educative processes. It deals with life stories of children and teenagers who were sheltered by institutions, as a means of protection, and who are the object of research in this study. The empirical corpus of this text is constituted by administrative proceedings belonging to the State Public Prosecution Office-4th Department of Justice Specialized in Children and Young People of Caxias do Sul- in the period of 1990 to 2011, together with narratives produced in semi-structured interviews, involving four former institution sheltered young people of the municipality of Caxias do Sul. This corpus was built following the approach of discursive textual analysis, a methodology of data treatment coined by Roque Moraes (2011). Methodological routes passed through cultural history commandments, including oral history and documental analysis. The research had the aim of understanding causes and meanings that led children and young people to keep distance from their families, many of them without the support of a provisional measure, as the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) (Children’s Rights Statute) suggests. The analysis of the constructed material indicated that two of the sheltered boys, had a good experience when admitted in the institutions, as they apprehended experiences they consider to contribute, nowadays, in their family and social relationships; but two of the girls reported a great resentment because they did not have their feelings recognized and respected by people who worked in institutions. They also emphasized the bad effect of transfer from one institution to another one when they were twelve years old. The State Public Prosecution Office’s proceedings corroborated the data presented by National Justice Council, noting that there are more boys than girls who are sheltered in institutions. This organ also pointed at the Conselho Tutelar’s (Guardianship Council) lack of knowledge and preparation at the time of taking a child/teenager out of his/her family. As a complementation, it was made an analysis of permanence and nonpermanence of laws in the history of childhood in Brazil, using Norbert Elias (1993, 1994, 2011) theoretical contribution. To make this study effective, a dialogue involving authors who treat the analyzed topics, such as Claudia Fonseca (2000, 2006, 2009, 2012), Irene Rizzini (2000, 2007, 2008), Vicente Faleiros (1995, 2008), Renato Caminha (1999), Maria Luiza Marcílio (2006), among others, was proposed. After the finished analysis, the text concludes that the laws and norms contribute to strengthen work being done with this people, but there are still articulated public policies lacking, to avoid the break-up of family and community ties of Brazilian children and teenagers. It is estimated that the contribution of this research is the articulation between aspects of a long-term history- the process of institutionalization of children and teenagers in Brazil- and a present-time history- bringing a part of the intimate territories of sheltered and/or hosted, in contexts of widening of education comprehension, further from the school’s walls, linking school to a process of socialization.

The goal of my work is to establisch the cause and effect of children and young people delinquency on the Cesky Krumlov region. I suggested two hypothesis. I investigated the children and young people being under the curator{\crq}s supervision working in the town office of Cesky Krumlov. Here, there are two women employees. Each has a case load of a 160 children from the last year. I studied a third of them. It means 100 cases. As a method of verifying the hypothesis, I selected the method of document analysis and of case history analysis.

The degree work titled ``Evaluation of the Current Situation of Children and Young People of Romany Origin in Children{\crq}s Homes with regard to the Location`` required processing of theoretical knowledge regarding the issue of children{\crq}s homes and children{\crq}s homes with a school specialized in the Romany ethnic group, and carrying out qualitative research. The theoretical portion is based on specialized literature and other sources of information. The first chapter focuses on the characteristics of childhood and adolescence and also includes some thoughts about mental deprivation. The second chapter comprises information about the Romany minority, namely Romany families, identity issues and the related concept of romipen (the Romanism). It also describes specific features of children of Romany origin and education issues of Romany people. The last section of the second chapter mentions the topical problem of social exclusion of Romany people and the current possibilities of social inclusion of this minority. The third chapter focuses on the system of institutional care in the Czech Republic, specifically children{\crq}s homes and children{\crq}s homes with schools. The fourth chapter describes behaviour disorders. The last, fifth, chapter focuses on the issue of further care for children and young people who leave schools and institutional care facilities. The objective of the work was to capture and describe the reasons why Romany children and young people are placed in children{\crq}s homes and children{\crq}s homes with schools in selected regions (Cheb and České Budějovice) and to map the thoughts and ideas of Romany children and youngsters living in such facilities regarding their current situation and their future life after leaving the institution where they are now. The practical section contains interpretation of data from the qualitative research performed in the target group by means of interviewing (the technique of semi-structured interview) and observing; as regards the supplementary target group the method of questioning (the technique of a questionnaire) was applied. A total of 20 people participated in the research out of whom the basic target group comprised 10 Romany children living in the Children{\crq}s home in Aš and in the Children{\crq}s home with a school in Šindlovy Dvory; the supplementary group comprised 10 people from the staff of the identified facilities. The research showed that the number of children in the children{\crq}s home and the children{\crq}s home with a school does not correspond with the total number of Romany people living in the region, but with its social and economic situation. The prevailing reasons for placing Romany children in such facilities include problems at school, problems in the family and behaviour problems (stealing, drug addiction). The Romany children living in such facilities think that after they leave they will join their families and start working, some of them want to study first. 70% of the interviewed children said that they have an idea how to look for a job. However, the children{\crq}s ideas do not correspond with opinions of the staff who consider the return of these children to their original family environment and unemployment to be the greatest obstacles for independent life of Romany children after their departure from children{\crq}s homes or children{\crq}s homes with a school.

Esta tese de doutorado dentro da Área de Estudos Comparados de Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa teve por objetivo abordar e investigar nas obras de literatura para a juventude portuguesa e brasileira, a relevância de dois elementos estruturais importantes: Linguagem e Narrador. O intenso diálogo entre autor, texto e leitor cria um clima de cumplicidade, convidando este a participar ativamente da obra. Essa interação leitor/ texto mediada pelo narrador poderá ser o fio condutor capaz de provocar a reflexão e o espírito crítico no receptor. A obra precisa do leitor para se realizar, pois este contribui com suas vivências pessoais e dialoga com o texto dando-lhe \"vida\". A problemática da leitura foi e é analisada por inúmeros Educadores, Especialistas. Para nós a ênfase recai na Relação Prazerosa, Afetiva, Estética, pois se trata da Arte da Palavra. A proposta é investigar a importância da literariedade de obras de autores portugueses e brasileiros, podendo ser considerada, na formação de jovens leitores, como o elemento chave na perfeita associação: leitura-prazer. / This Doctorate in the Comparative Studies on Literature of Portuguese Language Area had as a purpose to broach and investigate in the literature works, for the Portuguese and Brazilian youths, the weightiness of two important structural elements: language and narrator. The intense dialogue among writer, text and reader creates a complicity atmosphere, inviting the latter to participate actively in the work. This interaction reader/text mediated by the narrator could be the conducting wire able to instigate the receiver\'s reflection and critical spirit. The literary work needs the reader to come about, as the reader contributes with his personal experiences and he talks with the text making it \"alive\". The problem of the reading was and is analysed by numberless educators, experts. For us, the emphasis falls again in the pleasant, affective, esthetic relationship, as it is the art of the word. The proposal is to investigate the importance of works of Portuguese and Brazilian writers\'s literature considering the upbringing of young readers, as the key element in the perfect association: reading-pleasure.

A proposta desta pesquisa é analisar qual o olhar a respeito da criança e da infância que está presente nas obras dos renomados escritores Lúcia Pimentel Góes e António Torrado. Na forma peculiar de revelar o Eu e o Mundo, cada um dos autores imprime sua percepção de vida e de mundo na tessitura de suas obras. Ludicidade, poeticidade, identidade são pontos que se destacam nos textos analisados. Da extensa publicação da escritora brasileira elegemos as seguintes obras literárias: Zé Diferente, Dráuzio, Trim, O dedal da vovó, Dudu, amigo do mar; O jardim de Lucita, A maior boca do mundo, Amanhã e Jajá, Bumba meu boi, mapinguari, curupira und... e Momotaro, o menino que nasceu do pêssego. Do escritor português foram contempladas as estórias: O veado florido, A cadeira que sabe música, A corneta faladora, O segredo dos búzios, Como se faz cor-de-laranja, A mania das pressas, O pajem não se cala e o Menino Grão de milho. A cultura, cultura da infância e a criança no Brasil e em Portugal também mereceram destaque como base teórica norteadora para a análise das obras. / The proposal of this research is to analyze the view related to children and childhood present in the works of renowned writers Lúcia Pimentel Góes and António Torrado. In a particular way of showing the Me and the World, each author gives their perception of life and the world throughout their writings. Ludicity, poetricity, identity are common issues in the analyzed texts. From the extensive works by the Brazilian author the following literary works were chosen: Zé Diferente, Dráuzio, Trim, O dedal da vovó, Dudu, amigo do mar; O jardim de Lucita, A maior boca do mundo, Amanhã e Jajá, Bumba meu boi, mapinguari, curupira und... and Momotaro, o menino que nasceu do pêssego. By the Portuguese author the following stories: O veado florido, A cadeira que sabe música, A corneta faladora, O segredo dos búzios, Como se faz cor-de-laranja, A mania das pressas, O pajem não se cala and Menino Grão de milho. Culture, childhood culture and childhood in Brazil and Portugal also deserve emphasis as theoretical basis so as to analyze the chosen works.