As all above, Ven. Ju Zan served as an active coordinator between the central government and Buddhist sanga, tried his best to avoid the potential contradiction during the adaptation of Chinese Buddhism to socialism. Confronted with the inevitable social-political reformation launched by the powerful communist regime, Ju Zan did not fully surrender his faith, but did whatever he can to make Buddhism survive from the dramatic changes. / As the Korean War broke out in 1950, Chinese government decided to send a voluntary army to the front line and mobilized the whole country to support the war. Ven. Ju Zan reinterpreted the Mahayana doctrine, emphasized the concept of compassionate killing and repayment of kindness based on patriotism, justified the legitimacy of Buddhist participation in the Resist America Aid Korea Movement. And the Buddhists successfully proved their patriotic and political loyalty to the socialist regime. / The main purpose of this research is to survey how Chinese Buddhism adopted itself to socialism though the case study of Ven. Ju Zan during the founding period of People' Republic of China. Since the communists assumed power, the new government carried out a series of socialist reform in order to reconstruct the whole society. Buddhists also have to make adjustment for survival. / To adapt the ideological change after 1949, many progressive Buddhist scholars tried to link up Buddhism and Marxism, created a type of new Buddhist doctrine system with the name of Buddho-Marxist Syncretism. The main concern of these syncretists was clarifying the validity of Buddhism in the socialist era. Although Ven. Ju Zan believed that Buddhism and Marxism are consistent, he noticed the potential risk of excessive demonstration would blur the boundary between them. Then Ju Zan persuaded all the Buddhists should pay more attention to the Self Remolding Movement. / Ven. Ju Zan played a distinctive role as the leader during this adapting process. The innovation of Chinese Buddhism after 1949 can be regarded as the legacy of the Buddhist reform initiated by Master Taixu in the Republic period. Ju Zan is an excellent follower of Tai Xu and greatly influenced by him. Ju Zan is also an activist with critical consciousness. After the death of Mater Tai Xu in 1947 and the triumph of Chinese Communist Party in the civil war, he decided to cooperate with the communist regime and carry out the refonn of Buddhism. Ju Zan submitted a reform plan of Chinese Buddhism to the central government, advocated self labor of the sanga, which may develop a lifestyle for Chinese Buddhism in the circumstance of the Land Reform and the socialist transformation of national economy. / 竇亞平. / Adviser: Yu Xue. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-208). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Dou Yaping.

楊衛華. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 468-475) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Yang Weihua.

Rapid industrialization, breakthroughs in science and technological development have ushered in an era regarded as a technocratic age. The advent of a technocratic age has necessitated the acquisition of technologically appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes, and consequently it has become necessary to establish education systems that fulfil the demands set by technocratic age principles. Present-day education is typified by technocratic age imperatives which include meritocracy, specialization, vocationalism, professionalism and scientism. Technocratic age education is further characterized by mass education, free and compulsory education and greater bureaucratic control of education. In technocratic age education systems, entrance examinations are used to select learners for advanced education and training. It would appear that this takes place with little regard for the learner's personal worth or meeting the learner's distinctive needs. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)

本研究以一个曾经在文革中施暴的红卫兵──李乾的生命传记为个案，以布迪厄的社会实践理论为理论框架，探讨主体参与文革与记忆、反思文革的实践，以及对文革意义的理解，进而理解一系列红卫兵实践（尤其是暴力实践）的逻辑。不同于已有文革研究的精英史和社会史路径，本研究试图发展一种传记取向的文革研究路径，分析个体生命经验与其所处社会情境，红卫兵的惯习与其所处的场域的复杂关系，由此更深刻地理解文革以及无产阶级专政的政治文化。 / 首先，本研究聚焦这些红卫兵文革初期对文革的认知、情感机制与行动策略，指出其实践如何受制于无产阶级专政场域与惯习的作用，如何再生产无产阶级专政的政治文化，即再生产无产阶级专政的象征秩序、权力技术、话语方式与组织机制，如何再生产文革"武斗"的直接暴力与"文斗"的话语暴力。并且，本研究试图说明早期"造反者"的"造反"动力来自其与老红卫兵在革命资格竞争中的"相对剥夺感"；这种"造反"并不是为了反抗主流的象征秩序，而是努力争取自身在这套象征秩序中的优势位置和资本。 / 其次，本研究探讨主体生命经验中关键性的暴力事件──"一二.五"事件的实际发生过程，分析"一二.五"事件中这些红卫兵对暴力的认知与情感，以及暴力如何被合法化及赋权，其中的专政对象──"流氓"是如何被建构与想象的，由此揭示特定的政治文化脉络中主体的贱斥动力以及这一暴力实践的逻辑。红卫兵暴力惯习的形塑，不仅受制于文革的革命场域的作用，更受制于建国以来历时性的无产阶级专政场域的作用；同时，这一惯习的运作又在维持和再生产无产阶级专政的政治文化。 / 此外，本研究探讨主体在"一二.五"事件后，如何在一系列社会互动的过程中，逐步实现了意识的转化和主体性变迁，如何从符号中介的生命经验中引入新的认知与情感机制重新理解"一二.五"事件、文革以及无产阶级专政的政治文化。这种批判性的反思实践与主体所处行动场域中的社会位置以及所能接收的多元的、异质性的符号资源密切相关，可以形塑主体惯习的转化，生产新的社会实践以及相应社会关系的改变。 / 最后，本研究试图将当下民间文革记忆与反思实践置于文革与后文革、毛时代与后毛时代的连续性与转型的关系之中，指出为民间记忆与反思实践赋权的政治文化意义。这一反记忆实践不仅打捞普通人被遗忘的、被边缘化的文革记忆，也介入对历史与现实的批判，积极争取个体对历史的话语权，与对现实政治、文化的参与权。 / Taking the life biography of a former Red Guard Li Qian who committed violence during the Cultural Revolution (CR) as a case, this research employs Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social practice to explore the Red Guards’ participatory, mnemonic and reflective practices during the CR, as well as their understanding of the CR, with the aim of further understanding the logics of the Red Guards’ practices (especially their violent practices). Different from the traditional approaches of political history and social history, this study attempts to develop a biography approach to study the CR. It analyzes the complex relations between individuals’ life experiences and their social contexts, between the Red Guards’ habitus and the specific field, to understand the political culture of the CR and the Proletarian Dictatorship. / First, this study focuses on the Red Guards’ cognitive and emotional mechanism and action strategy during the early days of the CR. It investigates how their practices are subject to the conditioning of the field and habitus of the Proletarian Dictatorship, how they reproduce the political culture of Proletarian Dictatorship in terms of its symbolic order, power technology, discourse mode, and organizational mechanism, and how they reproduce the physical and discursive violence of the CR. This thesis also maintains that the dynamics of the early "rebels" were derived from their feelings of relative deprivation in the contest with the old Red Guards for revolutionary recognition. These "rebels" did not aim to resist the mainstream symbolic order, but to strive for the dominant position and capitals in the symbolic order of the CR. / Second, this study probes into the actual process of the "December Fifth" Event that was the most important life experience of Li Qian. It analyzes the Red Guards’ cognitive and emotional mechanism towards violence, how the violence was legitimized and empowered in this event, and how the images of the so-called "hooligan" were constructed and imagined. It reveals the dynamic of the subject’s abjection in the context of the specific political culture, and the logic of the violent practice. On the one hand, the Red Guards’ violent habitus was not only subject to the conditioning of the field of the Proletarian Dictatorship but also to the conditioning of the field of the CR. On the other hand, the operation of the violent habitus also maintained and reproduced the political culture of the Proletarian Dictatorship. / Third, this study examines how Li Qian realized the transformation of the consciousness and subjectivity through a series of social interaction. It also taps into his new cognitive and emotional mechanism developed under the symbolic mediation of his actual life experiences, thus understanding the "December Fifth" Event, as well as the political culture of the CR and the Proletarian Dictatorship. The critical reflective practice was closely related to the subject’s social position in the specific field and the diverse, heterogeneous symbolic resources that he absorbed. They shaped the transformation of the habitus, producing new social practices and the corresponding changes of social relations. / Finally, by putting the practices of popular memory and reflection on the CR into the continuity and the transformation between the CR and the Post-CR, and between the Maoist era and the Post-Mao era, this thesis emphasizes the political and cultural significance of these practices. These counter-memory practices not only dig into and revive the forgotten and marginalized memories of the CR, but also engage with historical and contemporary criticism, and actively assent the ordinary people’s rights to speak their histories and to participate in the current politics and culture. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 袁梦倩. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 268-283). / Abstracts also in English. / Yuan Mengqian.

Woo, Chun Kit. / Thesis (M. Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-86). / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction page --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Political Socialization: Concept and its Application --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Political Culture --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Political Socialization --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Application --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Education and Modernization: Review on the Development of Chinese Higher Education since1949 / Chapter 3.1 --- Prologue --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- Higher Education Policy since1978 --- p.21 / Chapter 3.3 --- Educational Reform: 1985 Reform Document --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Search for Harmony ( I ): Understanding University Students / Chapter 4.1 --- Prologue: The Rise of Survey Research in Post-Mao China --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2 --- Value Change among University Students: The Evidence from Survey Research --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- The Search for Harmony (II): Reforming the Ideological-Political Education --- p.60 / Chapter 5.1 --- Criticism on the Current Ideological-Political Education --- p.61 / Chapter 5.2 --- Reform of the Political Education --- p.68 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.75 / Bibliography --- p.79

So Hon-tou. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-59). / Text and abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Table of contents --- p.iii / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter I: --- "Relationship between the pipa and the guqin, and other instruments" --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter II: --- Establishment of authority and legitimacy of the editor's own edition --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter III: --- Influence of the record industry --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter IV: --- A Compilation of the Textual Parts from the Anthologies --- p.25 / Conclusion --- p.54 / Selected bibliographical references --- p.55

陶飛亞 = A Christian Utopia in China : a historical study of the Jesus Family (1921-1952) / Tao Feiya. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2001. / 參考文獻 (p. 276-290) / 中英文摘要. / Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Tao Feiya = A Christian Utopia in China : a historical study of the Jesus Family (1921-1952) / Tao Feiya. / Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2001. / Can kao wen xian (p. 276-290) / Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.

[Truncated abstract] Conventional historical research on the tea trade focussed on the trade between the United Kingdom and China up to 1937. Very little has been done on the tea trade between China and other regions such as colonial Singapore. In addition, the focus on the overseas Chinese community in Singapore has concentrated on two opposite ends of the social ladder the rich traders or merchants who came to dominate the political, economic and social life of the community, and the coolies or those in the working class and how the harsh reality of life in colonial Singapore often quashed any dreams they had of a better life. The key focus of this dissertation is a study of the trading links between a group of Chinese traders in Singapore and commodity producers in China. To date, research into Chinese traders in Singapore has focussed on their trade in products from British Malaya such as rubber and tin. This dissertation aims to steer away from this approach, and study the relationship between Fujian tea production and trade and the Chinese tea traders in Singapore . . . This dissertation, therefore, takes a two-pronged approach. First, it examines the conditions in Fujian tea production and trade since they were the key trading concerns of the Chinese tea traders in Singapore. Secondly, the dissertation examines the political beliefs and sense of patriotism among the Chinese tea traders in Singapore and their response to major events in their lives such as the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), the Japanese Occupation of Singapore (1942-1945), the Chinese Civil War (1945-1949) and self-government for Singapore from June 1959.

Rapid industrialization, breakthroughs in science and technological development have ushered in an era regarded as a technocratic age. The advent of a technocratic age has necessitated the acquisition of technologically appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes, and consequently it has become necessary to establish education systems that fulfil the demands set by technocratic age principles. Present-day education is typified by technocratic age imperatives which include meritocracy, specialization, vocationalism, professionalism and scientism. Technocratic age education is further characterized by mass education, free and compulsory education and greater bureaucratic control of education. In technocratic age education systems, entrance examinations are used to select learners for advanced education and training. It would appear that this takes place with little regard for the learner's personal worth or meeting the learner's distinctive needs. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)

朱宇晶. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 308-326) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Zhu Yujing.