Thesis (Ph. D.)--Bonn, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-193).

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. / Title from title screen (viewed 05/10/2006). "March 2005." Includes bibliographical references.

This study addresses chivalric writing and court culture during the reign of Juan II of Castile and aims to examine the changing chivalric ideal in Castile during this turbulent period of Castilian history. My thesis argues that political crisis in Castile led to a corresponding crisis in Castilian chivalry as commentators at the royal court tried to correct the failings of the Castilian nobility. The study is based around the work of Alonso de Cartagena, an esteemed diplomat, translator and the Bishop of Burgos in the latter years of Juan II’s reign. Like many of his contemporaries, Cartagena lamented Castile’s descent into civil war and felt compelled to take up his pen in response to the drawn swords of the Castilian nobility. His Doctrinal de los caualleros, produced in 1444 at the height of the civil war, was a highly critical look at chivalry and nobility in the Kingdom of Castile. Cartagena’s view of the chivalric ideal was one which was fundamentally shaped by the civil war. This study seeks to set his ideas in their broader context and argues that they should be seen as part of a wider Castilian debate on chivalry and nobility. This debate involved a number of Cartagena’s contemporaries including, Diego de Valera, Juan Rodríguez del Padrón, Rodrigo Sánchez de Arévalo and the Marquis of Santillana Íñigo López de Mendoza. Cartagena, along with a number of these authors, challenged traditional views on chivalry and nobility and instead argued for a view of knighthood grounded in individual good conduct and personal worth, in place of lineage and inherited status. This study argues that the civil war in Castile paved the way for the development of a rich literature of chivalric reform and facilitated the development of the sort of knightly criticism seen elsewhere in Europe in the later Middle Ages. However, rather than simply being a theoretical discussion, the civil war and unique social pressures on the Iberian Peninsula made the debate highly relevant. Chivalry became a vehicle for political criticism and reform. For Cartagena and his contemporaries, chivalric writing offered a means of ending the civil war by addressing what they saw as endemic issues with the rebellious Castilian nobility. My work has thus argued for a view of chivalry as a changing and developing body of thought shaped by the intellectual and political context in which it developed. Chivalry was, in essence, a code of military ethics governing conduct on and off the battlefield. However, whilst its basic tenants of virtue, honour, prowess at arms and piety were broadly similar across Europe, how they were understood differed greatly. Rather than seeking an all-encompassing definition, I have argued that the focus should fall on the differences and complexities within chivalric thought.

Reflexo de um processo histórico anterior, os romances de cavalaria fazem surgir no final do medievo ibérico uma nova moda literária, que mescla a tradição míticocavaleiresca com as mudanças sociais que caracterizam o movimentado período histórico. Estes libros se configuram durante quase um século como um sucesso de mercado, modelo de experiência máxima da nobreza cavalheiresca em um mundo cujos baluartes mostram-se movediços e sensíveis. Para além de conter uma coleção de mirabilia como objeto, estes romances são dispositivos maravilhantes que têm função e criam significações em um momento de experiência deslocada, num jogo de perspectiva. Sob a história das emoções, este trabalho se propõe a analisar a admiração no mundo ibérico quinhentista a partir da construção do dispositivo de maravilhamento. / Reflection from a previous historical process, the chivalric romances do arise at the end of the Iberian medieval a new literary fashion, blending the mythic-chivalric tradition with social changes that characterize the bustling historical period. These libros are configured for nearly a century as a market success is a model and height of a focused literature to chivalrous nobility, in a world where their moral and aesthetic strongholds show is unstable and sensitive. These novels are wrapped device boggling's appearances. Stemmed from the need to rethink the wonderful study. This study analyzes the admiration and the Iberian world from the sixteenth century construction of the wonder device.

A partir dos pressupostos teóricos dos pesquisadores da Nova História e dos estudos literários do comparativismo, este trabalho analisa o Amadis de Gaula entre os dois códigos: o da cavalaria de Ramon Llull expressão do ideal cristão do cavaleiro virtuoso e perfeito , e o do amor cortês, de André Capelão, que expressa os ensinamentos do refinado amor cortesão, dentro de uma ética feudo-vassálica. Entre os interstícios desses códigos e numa Península Ibérica marcada por uma ascese cristã, erige uma história de amor que se constitui num paradigma da expressão do desejo carnal e da busca do re(encontro) com o feminino. É na via oposta ao contexto peninsular da Reconquista ibérica que se efetua a caminhada de Amadis rumo à perfeição amorosa ao encontro do Amor / The theoretical presuppositions of the researchers of the New History and the literary studies of comparativism are the starting point of this paper to analyze the Amadis de Gaula between the two codes: the chivalry by Ramon Llull the expression of the christian ideal of the virtuous and perfect knight , and the courteous love, by André Capelão, the schooling of the refined courteous love, inserted in a feud-vassal ethics. A love story is put up between the gaps of these codes in an Iberian Peninsula encarved by a christian ascese. It is compounded in an instance of the carnal desire and the search for the (re)encounter with the feminine. It is in the opposite way to the peninsular context of the Iberian Reconquest that Amadis enhances his way towards the loving perfection to meet Love

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-05-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 arias_aam_me_assis.pdf: 328561 bytes, checksum: 9e5b6608bd0b9757b92cf7b20a4186ea (MD5) / Analisamos, nesta pesquisa, as formas como a traição era representada na sociedade feudal francesa do século XIII, através da Canção de Gesta Renaut de Montauban. A narrativa deste poema trata da revolta de Reinaldo, ajudado pelos seus irmãos e pelo primo Maugis, contra o imperador Carlos Magno e a longa guerra travada até a obtenção do perdão imperial. Com isto, nos vemos confrontados com a violação dos laços de fidelidade entre o vassalo e seu senhor e os julgamentos morais de uma aristocracia cavaleiresca francesa em crise, diante do efetivo aumento do poder real capetíngio. Como não podia combater o monarca, a aristocracia incentivava a difusão de formas literárias nas quais defendia a sua ideologia, baseada nos laços vassálicos e numa visão idealizada do passado. Também procuramos verificar como se consolidou a terminologia utilizada para nomear a traição, no Ocidente medieval, baseada na Bíblia latina, em especial nos Evangelhos e no episódio da entrega de Jesus por Judas Iscariótes, cuja herança perdura até nossos dias. / It's been analyzed, in this research, the forms how treason was represented in the French feudal society of the thirteenth century through Song of Geste Renaut de Montauban. The narrative of this poem deals with Renaut's revolt, helped by his brothers and cousin Maugis, against the emperor Charles the Great and the long lasting war until reaching the imperial forgiveness. Hereby, we find ourselves facing the violation of loyalty bonds between the vassal and his master and the moral judgments of a French chivalry aristocracy in crisis, before the effective increase of the Capetingian royal power. Not being able to fight the monarch, the aristocracy would encourage the diffusion of literary forms in which it would stand up to its ideology, based on vassal bonds and an idealized view of the past. We've also tried to verify how the terminology used to relate treason was consolidated in the medieval Occident, based on the Latin Bible, especially on the gospel and the passage of Judas Iscariot handing over Jesus and whose heritage lasts to the present days.

A partir dos pressupostos teóricos dos pesquisadores da Nova História e dos estudos literários do comparativismo, este trabalho analisa o Amadis de Gaula entre os dois códigos: o da cavalaria de Ramon Llull expressão do ideal cristão do cavaleiro virtuoso e perfeito , e o do amor cortês, de André Capelão, que expressa os ensinamentos do refinado amor cortesão, dentro de uma ética feudo-vassálica. Entre os interstícios desses códigos e numa Península Ibérica marcada por uma ascese cristã, erige uma história de amor que se constitui num paradigma da expressão do desejo carnal e da busca do re(encontro) com o feminino. É na via oposta ao contexto peninsular da Reconquista ibérica que se efetua a caminhada de Amadis rumo à perfeição amorosa ao encontro do Amor / The theoretical presuppositions of the researchers of the New History and the literary studies of comparativism are the starting point of this paper to analyze the Amadis de Gaula between the two codes: the chivalry by Ramon Llull the expression of the christian ideal of the virtuous and perfect knight , and the courteous love, by André Capelão, the schooling of the refined courteous love, inserted in a feud-vassal ethics. A love story is put up between the gaps of these codes in an Iberian Peninsula encarved by a christian ascese. It is compounded in an instance of the carnal desire and the search for the (re)encounter with the feminine. It is in the opposite way to the peninsular context of the Iberian Reconquest that Amadis enhances his way towards the loving perfection to meet Love

Reflexo de um processo histórico anterior, os romances de cavalaria fazem surgir no final do medievo ibérico uma nova moda literária, que mescla a tradição míticocavaleiresca com as mudanças sociais que caracterizam o movimentado período histórico. Estes libros se configuram durante quase um século como um sucesso de mercado, modelo de experiência máxima da nobreza cavalheiresca em um mundo cujos baluartes mostram-se movediços e sensíveis. Para além de conter uma coleção de mirabilia como objeto, estes romances são dispositivos maravilhantes que têm função e criam significações em um momento de experiência deslocada, num jogo de perspectiva. Sob a história das emoções, este trabalho se propõe a analisar a admiração no mundo ibérico quinhentista a partir da construção do dispositivo de maravilhamento. / Reflection from a previous historical process, the chivalric romances do arise at the end of the Iberian medieval a new literary fashion, blending the mythic-chivalric tradition with social changes that characterize the bustling historical period. These libros are configured for nearly a century as a market success is a model and height of a focused literature to chivalrous nobility, in a world where their moral and aesthetic strongholds show is unstable and sensitive. These novels are wrapped device boggling's appearances. Stemmed from the need to rethink the wonderful study. This study analyzes the admiration and the Iberian world from the sixteenth century construction of the wonder device.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O presente trabalho tem como principais objetivos apontar os trechos de teor clÃssico presentes n' A Demanda do Santo Graal (ediÃÃo portuguesa), novela de cavalaria da primeira metade do sÃculo XIII, e explicar o porquà de excertos dessa natureza no Ãmbito da obra literÃria em questÃo. Procura, ainda, mostrar de que modo a Idade MÃdia realiza uma retomada de valores da AntigÃidade clÃssica; sobretudo no que concerne à postura do cavaleiro medieval: chegou-se à conclusÃo de que este tinha o herÃi que se movimenta nas epopÃias e nos mitos greco-romanos como ideal de bravura, de virtude e de lealdade, bem como à de que o imaginÃrio deste (ou âcriado em torno desteâ) era praticamente o mesmo daquele, por conta da semelhanÃa existente entre os contextos histÃrico-literÃrios em que surgiram ambos. A teoria que serve de base para a realizaÃÃo deste trabalho à a da Residualidade, elaborada por Roberto Pontes, crÃtico, ensaÃsta e professor da graduaÃÃo e do programa de pÃs-graduaÃÃo em Letras da Universidade Federal do Cearà â UFC. Durante a pesquisa, os conceitos de imaginÃrio e residual, propostos, respectivamente, pela Ãcole des Annales e por Raymond Williams, crÃtico literÃrio de orientaÃÃo marxista, fazem-se tambÃm presentes. No que concerne à metodologia, deve-se dizer que a pesquisa foi realizada, basicamente, por meio da leitura de clÃssicos da Literatura das antigas GrÃcia e Roma (IlÃada e OdissÃia, de Homero; Eneida, de VirgÃlio; e Metamorfoses, de OvÃdio) e de novelas de cavalaria portuguesas (Amadis de Gaula e, principalmente, A Demanda do Santo Graal), bem como por meio da Literatura Comparada, visto que houve um trabalho de confronto entre esses textos. Por fim, esta investigaÃÃo mostra-se relevante à comunidade acadÃmica porque aborda, numa novela tipicamente medieval e cristà (estamos falando d‟A Demanda do Santo Graal), um importante aspecto das novelas de cavalaria: o clÃssico, tÃo negligenciado pela maioria dos estudiosos que se debruÃam sobre as novelas do ciclo bretÃo. / The present work has as main objective to point the passages of classic content presented in the medieval novel A Demanda do Santo Graal (portuguese edition of The Quest for the Holy Grail), a novel about chivalry of the first half of the thirteenth century, in order to explain the reason why exist these passages in the novel in question. Another objective is to show how the Middle Ages realize a retaking of values of classical Antiquity. especially with regard to the attitude of the medieval knight: this was the greek hero (or roman hero) as the ideal of bravery, virtue and loyalty; the imaginary of medieval cavalier (or "the imaginary created around of the medieval knight") was practically the same imaginary of greek hero (or roman hero), because of the similarity between the historical and literary context in which they both arose. The theory that underpins this work is the Teoria da Residualidade, created by Robe1to Pontes, critic, essayist and professor of Literature of the Universidade Federal doo Cearà - UFC. During the research, the concepts of imaginary and residual, proposed respectively by the Ãcole des Annales and Raymond Williams, a marxist literary critic, are also present. With regard to the methodology, it must be said that the research was conducted, at first, through readings of classics of the ancient Literature (Homer's Iliand and Odyssey, Vergil's Aeneid and Ovid's Metamorphoses) and portuguese novels about chivalry (Amadis de Gaula and, especially, A Demanda do Santo Graal) and through comparative literature, since there was a work of comparison between these texts. Finally, this research is relevant to the academic community because in mentions, in a medieval and christian novel (A Demanda do Santo Graal), an important aspect of the novels about chivalry: the classic, so much neglected by most scholars which deal with the novels of the breton cycle.

A Chanson de Roland, obra construída no século XIX como fundadora da literatura francesa, foi bastante explorada ao longo dos últimos 150 anos, muitas vezes com usos políticos, nem sempre expressos. Apesar de exaustivamente trabalhada pelos estudos literários, são quase inexistentes as investigações históricas sobre o seu conteúdo cristão e suas possíveis relações com a legitimação do combate contra os pagãos. Este trabalho investiga de que forma os pagãos são representados na gestas do final do século XI, e como estas constroem uma alteridade através da religião, da moralidade, da territorialidade, e da etnicidade. Investiga também como os cristãos são representados dentro uma unidade pan-européia, numa sobreposição das noções de império e cristandade, e como sua luta contra os pagãos é legitimada, e mesmo santificada, pelas obras, através do martírio dos seus cavaleiros. / The Song of Roland, explored in the nineteenth century as the main text of French literature, was heavily exploited over the past 150 years, often with political uses, not always expressed. Despite extensive work by literary studies, there hardly any historical research on its Christian content and its possible association with the legitimacy of the combat against the pagans. This work investigates how the pagans are represented in the gestas of the late eleventh century, and how they build an otherness through religion, morality, territoriality, and ethnicity.It also investigates how Christians are represented in a pan-European unity, in a superposition of the notions of empire and Christianity, and how their fight against the heathen is legitimated and even sanctified through the martyrdom of their knights.