<p>The concentration and storage of organic chlorine and chloride were determined in soil, to a depth of 40 cm, in a coniferous forest in the Stubbetorp catchment area in south-east Sweden. Also, the spatial distribution of the two forms of chlorine was determined. Soil samples were collected at 49 of the nodes in a grid with approximately 105 m between the nodes. The analysis of spatial variability suggested that no spatial autocorrelation was present either within the variable organic chlorine or chloride. This means that no sample was more influenced by another nearby sample, as compared to other samples further away. Instead, linear interpolation was used to construct contour maps of the concentrations. </p><p>The contour maps indicated that the two forms of chlorine have similar spatial patterns and the highest concentrations could be found in the main valley area, with moss soil and forest dominated by pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)). The two variables showed a significant positive correlation. This could be due to the fact that chloride is the limiting factor for formation in Swedish soil or that the two forms of chlorine are only indirectly related through variables as soil moisture or organic matter. The storage of organic chlorine when a depth of 40 cm was taken into account was seven times the storage compared to an earlier study where only the top-soil was sampled. </p><p>The storage of organic chlorine in the area is of such size that changes in this storage are likely to have an impact on the transport of chloride. The fact that no spatial autocorrelation could be found in either of the variables suggests that the scale chosen is not suitable for describing spatial autocorrelation on a smaller level, due to processes e.g. microbially induced formation. At the same time the chosen scale is probably too small for detecting spatial autocorrelation on the larger scale due to e.g. deposition and precipitation.</p>

<p><p>Chlorine is an element commonly found in the environment of our planet, in the atmosphere, the earth crust and the oceans. Chlorine occurs in two forms, inorganic chloride (Cl_in) and organically bound chlorine (Cl_org), also called organochlorine. For a long time, the organic halogens (among them the organic chlorine) had been considered as produced only by human activities. However, the research of the recent decades suggests a considerably amount of naturally produced organic chlorine in soil and water. Through the research, a hypothesis have emerged, suggesting that there occur a formation of organic chlorine in the top soil layer where chloride is consuming, while the organic chlorine is degrading on deeper soil levels, causing a release of chloride. The study in this thesis attempts to explore the transportation of organic chlorine through soil. 49 soil water samples were collected at three transects, S04, S12 and S22, nearby a stream in northern Sweden and analysed for Cl_org, using an AOX-analyser. The results suggest a decrease in concentrations of Cl_org by soil depth for transects S04 and S12. The study also indicates that concentrations of Cl_org are decreasing with increasing distance from the stream, where the highest mean concentration was found in the organic matter-rich riparian transect S04. Further conclusions are that the spring flood and changes in groundwater level may influence the concentrations of Cl_org.</p></p> / <p><p>Ämnet klor är vanligt förekommande på vår planet och finns både i atmosfären, jordskorpan och världens oceaner. Klor uppträder i två olika former: oorganisk klorid (Cl_in) och organiskt bundet klor (Cl_org). De organiska halogenerna (bland vilka organiskt klor ingår) har under lång tid ansetts härstamma från enbart antropogena källor. De senaste decenniernas forskning har dock tytt på en naturlig produktion av organiskt klor i mark och vatten. Genom denna forskning har en hypotes tagit form som föreslår en bildning av organiskt klor i de övre marklagren, där klorid binds, medan det i djupare marklager sker en nedbrytning av det organiska kloret vilket medför ett frigörande av klorid. Denna studie syftar till att studera transporten av organiskt klor genom mark. 49 stycken markvattenprover insamlades vid tre provpunkter (S04, S12 och S22) på ett avrinningsområde i norra Sverige och analyserades med hjälp av ett AOX-instrument. Resultaten tyder på en minskning av Cl_org med ökande markdjup för provpunkterna S04 och S12. Studien visar även en minskning i koncentration av organiskt klor med ökande avstånd till vattendraget, där den högsta medelkoncentrationen återfanns i provpunkten S04 som ligger nära bäcken och är rik på organiskt material. Vidare slutsater är att vattenflödena under vårflod samt variasionen i grundvattennivå har en påverkan på koncentrationerna av Cl_org.</p></p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-227). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-161).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-227). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1958. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-90).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1972. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-149).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1940. / Bibliography: leaves 98-100.

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