Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:43:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06555.pdf: 4601344 bytes, checksum: d54da5711d592aac4fbdb3cbb1ac8e1a (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09063.pdf: 2967204 bytes, checksum: 97bf7db9915ce473f9c3b95b67930979 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Orientador: Ana Lúcia Tasca Gois Ruiz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T08:33:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DellaTorre_Adriana_M.pdf: 5760504 bytes, checksum: f3ad129dc63417ce4365252cefc87c39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A "carqueja", Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. (Asteraceae), é uma espécie vegetal característica de regiões tropicais, muito utilizada na medicina popular como anti-inflamatória, no tratamento de problemas hepáticos e renais, bem como para disfunções estomacais e intestinais. Recentemente, estudos demonstraram potencial atividade esquistossomicida sobre vermes adultos de Schistosoma mansoni (linhagem BH) para o óleo essencial (OE). Assim, este projeto teve por objetivo avaliar as atividades antiproliferativa e mutagênica, além da composição química do OE de B. trimera cultivada no campo experimental do CPQBA/UNICAMP. Coletas mensais (Janeiro/2012 a Dezembro/2012) das partes aéreas de B. trimera foram realizadas para a preparação do OE. Além disso, na época de floração em Julho, foram coletadas amostras das partes aéreas de indivíduos machos e fêmeas de B. trimera, diferenciadas morfologicamente pelas inflorescências. Todos os OEs preparados por hidrodestilação foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a detector de massas (CG/EM) e avaliados quanto à atividade antiproliferativa in vitro e quanto à mutagenicidade no modelo de indução de micronúcleos com bloqueio da citocinese, com e sem ativação metabólica. A análise por CG/EM indicou que os compostos majoritários dos OEs foram biciclogermacreno, E-cariofileno, germacreno D, ?-pineno, globulol, ?-mirceno e ?-cadineno. Também foi observada uma variação na proporção relativa dos compostos presentes nos OEs obtidos das plantas fêmeas em relação aos machos. No teste de atividade antiproliferativa, em linhagens tumorais e não-tumorais, observou-se um perfil de atividade citostática semelhante para todas as amostras, independente da época de coleta, com valores de GI50 maiores que 25 ?g/mL. No teste do micronúcleo (MN) sem ativação metabólica, os OEs coletados no inverno (Jul/2012) e primavera (Out/2012) induziram um aumento na frequência de MNs, em relação ao controle de células sem tratamento, nas concentrações de 25 e 12,5 ?g/mL, enquanto os OEs obtidos no verão (Jan/2012) e outono (Abr/2012) apresentaram indução de MNs, estatisticamente significativa, somente na concentração de 25 ?g/mL. Nos experimentos realizados com os OEs extraídos de partes aéreas dos indivíduos machos e fêmeas, verificou-se que as plantas fêmeas não apresentaram potencial mutagênico nas três concentrações testadas (6,25; 12,5 e 25 ?g/mL), enquanto o OE obtido a partir dos indivíduos machos induziu aumento na frequência de MNs nas mesmas concentrações. Esses resultados sugerem que os sesquiterpenos hidrocarbonetos que predominam no OE obtido das partes aéreas das plantas machos (54,07%) podem estar envolvidos na ação mutagênica. Por outro lado, no teste com ativação metabólica, verificou-se uma redução significativa na frequência de MNs induzida pelos OEs em relação ao teste sem ativação, sugerindo que a metabolização dos OEs resultou em compostos com menor potencial mutagênico. Finalmente, no teste preliminar de antimutagenicidade, evidenciou-se no pós-tratamento e no tratamento simultâneo do OE com o metilmetanosulfonato uma possível reversão ou redução da clastogenicidade causada por este indutor de MNs. Esses dados sugerem possíveis atividades antimutagênica e mutagênica do OE das partes aéreas de B. trimera, com diferença significativa no potencial indutor de MNs entre indivíduos machos e fêmeas e que essa atividade é reduzida na presença de enzimas metabólicas, sugerindo uma potencial segurança de uso in vivo / Abstract: "Carqueja", Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. (Asteraceae) is a native species from tropical regions widely used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, to treat liver and kidney problems as well as stomach and intestinal disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of B. trimera essential oil (EO) as schistosomicidal on adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni (BH strain). Therefore, this project aimed the evaluation of chemical composition, antiproliferative and mutagenic activities of EO obtained from B. trimera aerial parts cultivated in CPQBA/UNICAMP experimental field. B. trimera aerial parts were collected monthly (January/2012 to December/2012) and immediately submitted to EO extraction by hydrodistillation. Moreover, samples of males and females of B. trimera aerial parts morphologically differentiated by inflorescences were collected during the flowering season (July/2012). All EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass detector (GC/MS). They were also evaluated for antiproliferative activity in vitro and mutagenicity in cytokinesisblock micronucleus assay (CBMN), with and without metabolic activation. GC/MS analysis indicated that EOs major compounds were bicyclogermacrene, E-caryophyllene, germacrene D, ?-pinene, globulol, ?-myrcene and ?-cadinene, besides a variation on relative proportion of compounds between EOs of female and male plants. Antiproliferative assay in tumor and nontumor cell lines showed a similar cytostatic activity profile for all samples, independent of the collection time, with GI50 values above 25 ?g/mL. In CBMN assay without metabolic activation, EOs collected in winter (Jul/2012) and spring (Oct/2012) induced at 25 and 12.5 ?g/mL an increase in micronuclei frequency in comparison to untreated control cells, whereas EOs obtained in summer (Jan/2012) and autumn (Apr/2012) showed statistically significant micronuclei induction only at 25 ?g/mL. CBMN assay performed with male and female aerial parts EOs demonstrated that female plants showed no mutagenic potential in three concentrations (6.25, 12.5 and 25 ?g/mL) whereas male aerial parts EO induced an increase in micronuclei frequency at the same concentrations. These results suggested that sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons predominately present in male aerial parts EO (54.07%) should be involved in mutagenic action. Moreover, there was a reduction in micronuclei frequency induced by EOs when CBMN assay was carried out with metabolic activation, which suggests that enzymatic metabolism of EOs resulted in compounds with low mutagenic potential. Finally, preliminary evaluation of antimutagenicity has evidenced that simultaneous and post treatments of EO with methylmetanesulfonate (MMS) could reverse and/or reduce clastogenicity caused by this inducer of MNs. These data suggest possible antimutagenic and mutagenic activities of aerial parts of B. trimera EO, with a significant difference in potential inducer of MNs between males and females plants. Moreover, mutagenic activity decreased in the presence of metabolic enzymes, suggesting a potential safe use in vivo / Mestrado / Fármacos, Medicamentos e Insumos para Saúde / Mestra em Biociências e Tecnologia de Produtos Bioativos

Les approches thérapeutiques à base d’anticorps monoclonaux font partie des avenues les plus encourageantes pour le traitement de nombreux cancers. Les cellules ovariennes de hamster chinois (CHO) demeurent la plateforme d’expression d’anticorps la plus couramment utilisée dans l’industrie et est actuellement la plus efficace pour la production à grande échelle. Ces cellules sont capables de produire des anticorps présentant un patron de glycosylation très proche du profil humain et d’atteindre des niveaux de production généralement plus élevés que ceux obtenus avec les autres lignées cellulaires continues existantes. Ces dernières années, les progrès accomplis dans le développement de procédés en cuvée alimentée (fed-batch) ont permis d’augmenter significativement les rendements de production. Néanmoins, les performances des procédés de culture demeurent limitées par les caractéristiques métaboliques des cellules utilisées. Celles-ci présentent en effet une glycolyse et une glutaminolyse dérégulées associées à une forte production de métabolites toxiques tels que le lactate et les ions ammonium. Seule une fraction minime du pyruvate issu de la métabolisation du glucose est incorporée dans le cycle des acides tricarboxyliques (ATC), ce qui explique en partie le métabolisme peu efficace des cellules CHO. Une des enzymes responsables de la connexion entre la glycolyse et le cycle des ATC est la pyruvate carboxylase qui catalyse la conversion du pyruvate en oxaloacétate. Dans les cellules CHO, seulement 5 à 10 % du pyruvate est métabolisé par cette enzyme. Ce projet de recherche s’appuie sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle contrer la déficience de l’activité de la pyruvate carboxylase dans les cellules CHO pourrait pallier en partie au phénomène de dérégulation de la glycolyse, ce qui permettrait d’améliorer la productivité d’anticorps des cellules tout en maintenant une glycosylation adéquate du produit final. Au cours de ces travaux, une lignée cellulaire exprimant de façon stable l’enzyme pyruvate carboxylase de levure, au niveau cytosolique (PYC2) a été générée. Cultivées en mode cuvée alimentée, ces cellules ont montré une croissance et une production d’anticorps améliorées par rapport à la lignée parentale non modifiée. L’analyse des flux métaboliques par marquage isotopique a permis de caractériser en détail le métabolisme de ces cellules. Des différences majeures dans la distribution des flux métaboliques intracellulaires notamment au niveau des flux associés à la lactate déshydrogénase et au cycle de Krebs ont été mises en évidence. L’analyse de la glycosylation a révélé pour sa part, que l’augmentation de la production d’anticorps associée à la modification du métabolisme n’avait pas altéré significativement la qualité du produit final. De façon générale, ce projet de recherche semble corroborer l’existence d’un lien entre la productivité d’anticorps et le métabolisme cellulaire. La caractérisation du métabolisme des cellules CHO et plus précisément du métabolisme du lactate participe à améliorer notre compréhension du métabolisme des cellules CHO et pourrait permettre une amélioration plus rationnelle des fonctions cellulaires d’une part, et des conditions de culture d’autre part. / Antibody-based therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells represents the most common and efficient antibody expression platform for large scale production. Their abilities to perform human-like glycosylation and produce high antibody titer make them the most suitable system compared to other continuous cell lines. In the past few years, advances in fed-batch process development led to significantly increase production yields. Nevertheless, the metabolic features of continuous cell lines constitute a hurdle to the improvement of process performances. Continuous cell lines typically exhibit a deregulated glycolysis and glutaminolysis causing the accumulation of toxic metabolites such as lactate and ammonia. Thus, only a small percentage of pyruvate, derived from glucose, is incorporated into the tricarboxylic acids (TCA) cycle explaining at least, in part the inefficient CHO cell metabolism. The mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate into oxaloacetate, is one of the key enzymes at the junction of the glycolysis and the TCA cycle. In CHO cells, only 5-10 % of the pyruvate pool is metabolized via this pathway. In this project, we hypothesized that counteracting the pyruvate carboxylase deficiency in CHO cells could alleviate in part, the deregulated glycolysis and consequently improve antibody production yield while maintaining satisfactory antibody glycosylation. In this work, a recombinant CHO cell line producing an antibody was further genetically modified with the insertion of a cytoplasmic yeast pyruvate carboxylase (PYC2) gene. Cultivated in fed-batch mode, PYC2 cells exhibited enhanced cell growth and antibody production yield compared to the parental cell line. Metabolic flux analysis using isotopic tracer led to a detailed characterisation of both cell line metabolism. The metabolic flux distribution obtained highlighted major differences in lactate and TCA fluxes. Comparative glycosylation analysis revealed that the metabolism alteration associated with the increase in antibody production did not significantly alter the product quality. This work seems to corroborate the presumed existence of a link between metabolism and antibody productivity. The cell metabolism characterization and more precisely, lactate production contribute to gain knowledge in CHO cell metabolism and led to rationally improve cellular functions and culture conditions.

O objetivo do projeto foi desenvolver linhagens celulares para um anticorpo terapêutico anti-hTNFα e comprovar sua funcionalidade. Os genes anti-hTNFα foram clonados em células CHO para seleção da população estável mista, demonstrando expressão de anticorpo com reconhecimento de hTNFα em estrutura tridimensional. A população de transfectantes de maior produtividade específica foi escolhida para geração de linhagem monoclonal utilizando a tecnologia robótica ClonePix FL. Não houve diferença estatística entre o anti-hTNFα purificado e o produto de referência na cinética de ligação ao TNFα e reconhecimento diferencial por FcγRs em ensaios por SPR O ensaio de atividade funcional mostrou que o anti-TNFα desenvolvido pôde neutralizar a citotoxicidade induzida em células L929 e inibir a expressão de ELAM-1 em HUVEC. Os resultados finais permitiram identificar os três melhores clones, estáveis por 60 gerações. A comparabilidade entre o anti-TNFα desenvolvido e a referência permite admiti-lo como não inferior, um dos requisitos para o desenvolvimento de biossimilar. / The aim of the project was to develop a therapeutic anti-hTNFα antibody and evaluate its functionality. The anti-hTNFα synthezised genes were cloned into CHO cells and stable pools were selected, producing antibodies able to hTNFα three-dimensional structure recognition. The stable pools displaying higher antibody yields were the source for the generation of monoclonal lineage by ClonePix FL robotic technology. The clones selection proceeded using different criteria as cell density, specific productivity, fed-batch performance, kinetics measured by surface plasmonic resonance, hTNFα binding through ELISA, western-blotting and SPR, FcγRs binding by SPR. Besides, a small number of clones was tested in functional assays by the impairment of cytotoxicity of hTNFα over L929 cells and the inhibition of ELAM-1 expression by HUVEC. The long term stability testing allowed to finally select 3 top clones, not inferior to adalimumab reference by the above criteria.

O projeto de obtenção de huAcMos (Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados) tinha como escopo a humanização de anticorpos murinos com potencial terapêutico, inserção das sequências em vetores de expressão e transfecção em células CHO (do inglês, Chinese Hamster Ovary). A expressão do huAcMo Anti-CD18 resultou em baixos níveis da proteína recombinante e inciamos o processo de expressão de isoformas do huAcMo Anti-CD3. As células foram transfectadas com seqüências codificadoras do fragmento FvFc Anti-CD3 e clonadas pelo equipamento ClonePix FL. O fragmento foi caracterizado e demonstrou uma menor afinidade quando comparada com a molécula murina original. Ulizamos o sistema de recombinação homóloga (CHO Flp-In, Invitrogen) para expressão da molécula inteira do huAcMo Anti-CD3. Os clones foram caracterizados e demonstrou, assim como o fragmento FvFc, uma menor afinidade pelo alvo. As diferenças nas propriedades de ligação são freqüentemente encontradas após processos de humanização; dependendo da função efetora esta diminuição de afinidade não é negativa para a molécula. / The humanized antibodies (huMab) project intent to use murine antibodies with therapeutic potencial to obtain more human sequences with maintened specificity. The sequences were inserted in expression vectors and transfected in CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells. Anti-CD18 huMab expression results in low levels of recombinant protein and lead us to try the expression of Anti-CD3 isoforms. The cells were transfected for the expression of a FvFc antibody fragment and cloned using ClonePix FL equipment. The fragment characterization demonstrate a lower affinity when compared with the murine molecule. We use the homologous recombination system (CHO Flp-In) for the expression of the whole molecule of huMab Anti-CD3; like the FvFc fragment, the whole molecule demonstrate a lower affinity for the target. The differences in the affinity properties are frequently found after humanization process and depending on the expected efector functions is not negatively characterized.

Au cours de cette étude, nous avons approfondi nos connaissances concernant l’effet des conditions de culture sur la quantité et la qualité d’une protéine recombinante produite par des cellules CHO. En particulier, nous avons étudié l’influence de 3 composés (citrate de fer, pluronic F-68 et éthanolamine) présents dans le milieu BDM mais absent du milieu RPMI avec sérum (FCS-RPMI) sur la croissance des cellules CHO, la production de l’interféron-gamma humain recombinant (IFN-γ) ainsi que sa qualité. L’ajout de pluronic F-68 (0,1%) et de citrate de fer (500 µM) dans le milieu RPMI sans sérum a permis d’obtenir une croissance cellulaire comparable à celle obtenue avec le milieu FCS-RPMI. Par ailleurs, dans ces conditions de culture, la production de l’IFN-g est également augmentée. L’ajout de citrate de fer dans le milieu FCS-RPMI permet non seulement d’améliorer la croissance des cellules CHO mais également la production de l’IFN-γ. Avec le milieu FCS-RPMI, la macrohétérogénéité de la glycosylation de l’IFN-γ change au cours du procédé discontinu, cette dernière est maintenue constante uniquement lorsque du citrate de fer est ajouté à ce même milieu de culture. En outre, des activités gélatinase et caséinase appartenant aux familles des métalloprotéases et des protéases à sérine ont été mises en évidence au cours des cultures de cellules CHO. Quel que soit le milieu utilisé (RPMI, BDM avec ou sans sérum), l’ajout de citrate de fer permet de maîtriser et d’éviter la protéolyse de l’IFN-γ. Enfin, la relation entre le degré de glycosylation macroscopique de l’IFN- γ et son activité biologique (immunomodulatrice) in-vitro a été établie / In this study, we characterized the effect of culture conditions on the quantity and the quality of a recombinant protein, IFN-γ, produced by CHO cells. In particular, we studied the effect of 3 components (iron citrate, pluronic F-68 and ethanolamine) that are present in the BDM medium, but completely lacking in RPMI serum medium (FCS-RPMI) on CHO cell growth, as well as the production and quality of recombinant IFN-γ.The addition of Pluronic F-68 (0.1%) and iron citrate (500 µM) in RPMI without serum resulted in growth kinetic performances similar to those observed in FCS-RPMI. Furthermore, in these culture conditions, IFN- γ production was improved. Addition of iron citrate in FCS-RPMI improved cell growth, as well as IFN-γ production. Whereas the glycosylation pattern of recombinant IFN-γ produced by CHO cells was not constant when the culture was performed in FCS-RPMI, the glycosylation pattern of IFN-γ remained constant when iron citrate was added in the medium. In addition, gelatinase and caseinase enzymatic activities in CHO batch cultures were detected, due most likely to enzymes of the metalloproteases and serine protease families. Despite the type of medium used (RPMI, BDM with or without serum), addition of iron citrate minimized IFN-g proteolysis. Finally, the relationship between the macroglycosylation pattern of IFN-g and its in-vitro biological (immunomodulatory) activity was demonstrated

O objetivo do projeto foi desenvolver linhagens celulares para um anticorpo terapêutico anti-hTNFα e comprovar sua funcionalidade. Os genes anti-hTNFα foram clonados em células CHO para seleção da população estável mista, demonstrando expressão de anticorpo com reconhecimento de hTNFα em estrutura tridimensional. A população de transfectantes de maior produtividade específica foi escolhida para geração de linhagem monoclonal utilizando a tecnologia robótica ClonePix FL. Não houve diferença estatística entre o anti-hTNFα purificado e o produto de referência na cinética de ligação ao TNFα e reconhecimento diferencial por FcγRs em ensaios por SPR O ensaio de atividade funcional mostrou que o anti-TNFα desenvolvido pôde neutralizar a citotoxicidade induzida em células L929 e inibir a expressão de ELAM-1 em HUVEC. Os resultados finais permitiram identificar os três melhores clones, estáveis por 60 gerações. A comparabilidade entre o anti-TNFα desenvolvido e a referência permite admiti-lo como não inferior, um dos requisitos para o desenvolvimento de biossimilar. / The aim of the project was to develop a therapeutic anti-hTNFα antibody and evaluate its functionality. The anti-hTNFα synthezised genes were cloned into CHO cells and stable pools were selected, producing antibodies able to hTNFα three-dimensional structure recognition. The stable pools displaying higher antibody yields were the source for the generation of monoclonal lineage by ClonePix FL robotic technology. The clones selection proceeded using different criteria as cell density, specific productivity, fed-batch performance, kinetics measured by surface plasmonic resonance, hTNFα binding through ELISA, western-blotting and SPR, FcγRs binding by SPR. Besides, a small number of clones was tested in functional assays by the impairment of cytotoxicity of hTNFα over L929 cells and the inhibition of ELAM-1 expression by HUVEC. The long term stability testing allowed to finally select 3 top clones, not inferior to adalimumab reference by the above criteria.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:43:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06777.pdf: 5273885 bytes, checksum: b88f10c3d25adde0595b62adc866d4ee (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP