Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cinnamon water extract on nicotine-induced Streptococcus mutans biofilm. This study utilized S. mutans biofilm assays with varying concentrations of nicotine/cinnamon water extract levels. Design: A preliminary experiment was carried out to confirm the most likely effective concentration of cinnamon water extract on S. mutans biofilm. Then a 24-hour culture of S. mutans UA159 in microtiter plates was treated with varying nicotine concentrations (0-32 mg/ml) in TSBS at the same time with or without the optimum cinnamon water extract concentration. A spectrophotometer was used to determine total growth absorbance and planktonic growth. The microtiter plate wells were washed, fixed and stained with crystal violet dye and the absorbance measured to determine biofilm formation. Results: The results indicated that cinnamon water extract was able to inhibit biofilm formation significantly (p<0.05) at 5 mg/ml cinnamon water extract, therefore, 5 mg/ml of cinnamon water extract was recognized as the MIC for S. mutans biofilm formation. When combined with nicotine, cinnamon water extract sub-MIC (2.5 mg/ml) demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect (p<0.05) in biofilm and total absorbance measures at high concentrations of nicotine (8 mg/ml and above). In addition, cinnamon water extract showed a significant effect (p<0.05) at very low concentrations of nicotine (0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml) in all measures (biofilm, planktonic and total absorbance). However, at low concentrations of nicotine (2 and 4 mg/ml), there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in biofilm growth, whereas planktonic growth was significantly (p<0.05) decreased at the same concentrations. Conclusion: These results provided more evidence regarding the negative effects of nicotine and also demonstrated the positive influence of cinnamon water extract in reducing nicotine-induced biofilm formation, which needs be confirmed by in-vivo studies.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2018-09-14T17:56:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EssentialOilsComponents.pdf: 4263439 bytes, checksum: c1189e55f12d63ca94f4a519200746ce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2018-09-14T17:57:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EssentialOilsComponents.pdf: 4263439 bytes, checksum: c1189e55f12d63ca94f4a519200746ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-14T17:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_EssentialOilsComponents.pdf: 4263439 bytes, checksum: c1189e55f12d63ca94f4a519200746ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Óleos essenciais derivados do metabolismo secundário de plantas podem ter atividades contra nematóides das galhas, Melodogyne incognita. Devido à necessidade de nematicidas mais eficientes e menos tóxicos para o homem e para o ambiente do que os disponíveis para o controle de Meloidogyne incognita, assim, neste trabalho objetivou-se estudar os óleos essenciais de Cinnamomum cassia e de Allium sativum, que foram descritos como ativos in vitro contra o nematóide Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. O óleo essencial de ambas as espécies foi obtido por hidrodestilação, dissolvidos em solução aquosa de Tween 80 a 0,01 g mL-1 e testado in vitro contra M. incognita. A 62 μg mL-1 as emulsões dos óleos foram mais ativas sobre ovos e juvenis de segundo estagio (J2) do que o Carbofuran a 173 μg mL-1. De acordo com a análise de cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas, o constituinte majoritário de C. cassia é o (E)-cinamaldeído (83,3%), enquanto para o óleo de alho foram trisulfeto de dialila (66.7%) e dissulfeto de dialila (21.3%). Esses constituintes explicaram a atividade nematicida in vitro do óleo essencial de cada espécie de planta. A emulsão do óleo de C. cassia (500 μg mL-1), (E)-cinamaldeído (416 μg mL-1) e alho (250 μg mL-1) reduziram o numero de galhas e de ovos em plantas de soja e tomateiro, respectivamente, a valores estatisticamente iguais àquele obtido pelo Carbofuran (416 μg mL-1). Vapores dos óleos essenciais e do (E)-cinamaldeído foram ativos tanto quanto o nematicida fumigante Basamid usado nos ensaios in vitro contra M. incognita. A infectividade e a reprodução de M. incognita em plantas de soja e de tomate cultivadas em substrato infestado artificialmente com ovos do nematóide e tratado com 0,2 mL (alho), 1,0 mL (E)-cinamaldeído e 0,25 g de Basamid foram estatisiticamente iguais entre si na redução da população do nematoide. Esses resultados inequivocamente provam a atividade nematicida dos óleos essenciais e da substância (E)-cinamaldeído contra M. incognita, portanto, tanto o óleo quanto o (E)-cinamaldeído são muito promissores ao desenvolvimento de novos nematicidas fumigantes para o controle de nematóides em plantas de soja e de tomate. / Essential oils derived from secondary plant metabolism may have activities against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita. Because nematicides that are more efficient and less toxic to humans and the environment than those available are desirable to control this pathogen, this work aimed at studying the essential oil of Cinnamomum cassia and Allium sativum, which were described as active in vitro against the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The essential oils of both species were obtained by hydrodistillation, initially dissolved in aqueous solution of Tween 80 at 0.01 g mL-1 and tested in vitro against M. incognita. At 62 μg mL-1 the oil emulsions were more active on eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) than Carbofuran at 173 μg mL-1. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the major constituent of C. cassia is (E) -cinnamaldehyde (83.3%), while for garlic oil were diallyl trisulfide (66.7%) and diallyl disulfide (21.3%). These constituents explained the in vitro nematicidal activity of the essential oil of each plant species. The emulsion of the C. cassia (500 μg mL-1), E)-cinnamaldehyde (416 μg mL-1) and garlic (250 μg mL -1) reduced the number of galls and eggs in roots soybean and tomatoes to values statistically equal to those obtained with Carbofuran at 415 μg mL-1. Vapors from the essential oils and (E)-cinnamaldehyde were active as much as the basamid fumigant nematicide used in the in vitro assays against M. incognita. Infectivity and reproduction of M. incognita in soybean and tomato plants grown on substrate artificially infested with nematode eggs and treated with 0.2 mL (garlic), 1.0 mL (E)-cinnamaldehyde and 0.25 g of Basamid were statistically equal among themselves in reducing the nematode population. These results unequivocally proofs of the nematicidal activity of the essential oils and of the (E)-cinnamaldehyde substance against M. incognita, therefore, both oil (E)-cinnamaldehyde are very promising to the development of new fumigant nematicides for the control of nematodes in soybean and tomato plants. / UFPA/Altamira

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / ABSTRACT: The laying phase requires intense activity of the poultry organism, sothe equilibrium in the metabolism is necessary to a efficient production. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the expression of genes superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPX7), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), apolipoprotein A-I (APOA-I),And apolipoprotein B (APOB) in the liver; Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPX7), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in intestine; estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) in ovary; the histomorphometry of intestinal traits, productive performance, organ morphometry, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress markers, and serum parameters of lipid metabolism of Japanese laying quails fed with diets with or without cinnamon powder added to the diet. It was used 144 quail (Coturnix japonica) with initial age of 18 weeks, distributed in two treatments (basal diet without supplementation of cinnamon (SC) and basal diet plus 9g / kg of powdered cinnamon (CC)). At the end of the proposed experimental period, six animals from each treatment were euthanized by cervical dislocation, blood was collected and the organs weighed. Liver, intestinal and ovary tissues were collected for RNA extraction, enzymatic analysis and histological analysis. The cDNA was amplified using primers specific for the genes analyzed by qRT-PCR. Increased ovary weight was observed in the CC treatment birds; they also presented higher villus height, higher crypt depth, as well as better feed conversion by egg mass, higher triglyceride, uric acid and VLDLcontent.Regarding the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the activity of the enzyme catalase (CAT), higher values were observed in the liver of SC treatment birds. The CC treatment birds presented higher expression of FAS, ACC, APOA-I, SOD, GPX7 and ESR2 mRNA. The supplementation of cinnamon powder in the laying quail diet makes egg production more efficient by promoting balance in the body through antioxidant activity and modulation of the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense systems and lipid metabolism. / RESUMO: A fase de postura exige intensa atividade do organismo das aves, e para que a produção seja eficiente é necessário que haja equilíbrio no metabolismo como um todo. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a expressão dos genes: superóxido dismutase (SOD), glutationa peroxidase 7 (GPX7), acetil-CoAcarboxilase (ACC), ácido graxo sintase (FAS), apolipoproteína A-I (APOA-I), e apolipoproteína B (APOB), no fígado; fator de necrose tumoral alpha (TNFα), glutationa peroxidase 7 (GPX7), catalase (CAT) e superóxido dismutase (SOD) no intestino; além do receptor do estrógeno 1 (ESR1) e receptor do estrógeno 2 (ESR2) no ovário; assim como a histomorfometria de seguimentos do intestino, o desempenho produtivo, a morfometria dos órgãos, atividade antioxidante, marcadores do estresse oxidativo, parâmetros séricos do metabolismo lipídico de codornas japônicas em fase de postura alimentadas com dietas com e sem adição de canela em pó a ração. Foram utilizadas 144 codornas japônicas (Coturnix japonica) com idade inicial de 18 semanas, distribuídas em dois tratamentos (dieta basal sem suplementação de canela (SC) e dieta basal mais suplementação de 9g/kg de canela em pó (CC)). Ao final do período experimental proposto, seis animais de cada tratamento foram eutanaseados por deslocamento cervical, o sangue foi coletado e os órgãos pesados. Tecidos do fígado, intestino e ovário foram coletados paraextração de RNA, análises enzimáticas e analises histológicas. O cDNA foi amplificado usando primers específicos para os genes analisados pela qRT-PCR. Maior peso de ovário foi observado nas aves do tratamento CC, estas também apresentaram maior altura de vilo, maior profundidade de cripta, bem como melhor conversão alimentar por massa de ovo, maior conteúdo de triglicerídeos, ácido úrico e VLDL. Com relação à quantidade de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e a atividade da enzima catalase (CAT) maiores valores foram observados no fígado das aves do tratamento SC. As aves do tratamento CC apresentaram maior expressão de mRNA FAS, ACC, APOA-I, SOD, GPX7e ESR2. A suplementação de canela em pó na dieta de codornas em fase de postura torna a produção de ovos mais eficiente por promover equilíbrio no organismo através da atividade antioxidante e modulação da expressão de genes relacionados aos sistemas de defesa antioxidante e metabolismo lipídico. / São Cristóvão, SE

Cette étude a pour objectif d'une part, de développer une méthode d'analyse des huiles essentielles basée sur la combinaison du couplage CPG/SM et de la RMN du carbone-13, avec ou sans fractionnement, en utilisant les données de la littérature, en reconstruisant les spectres de molécules absentes de nos bibliothèques et d'autre part, de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de l'huile essentielle de diverses plantes de Madagascar, endémiques ou introduites, en les caractérisant et en décrivant une éventuelle variabilité chimique. Ces analyses nous ont permis d'identifier efficacement des composés délicats à analyser par les techniques conventionnelles (stéréoisomères, molécules thermosensibles). Nous avons également étudié six échantillons de Cedrelopsis grevei et réalisé un fractionnement poussé de l'un d'entre eux, ce qui nous a permis d'identifier de très nombreux sesquiterpènes. Enfin, nous avons montré la variabilité interspécifique des huiles essentielles du genre Helichrysum.