Le programme Ville-Santé de l’OMS est une référence sur laquelle les acteurs ayant compétence à agir sur les espaces de vie des populations peuvent s’appuyer pour intervenir stratégiquement, de manière globale, intersectorielle, partenariale et participative en faveur de la santé des populations. Du point de vue de l’aménagement et la gouvernance des territoires, la thèse s’inscrit dans la démarche d’analyse a posteriori de la construction locale de la santé publique. Du point de vue géographique, l’un des aspects les plus intéressants de Ville-Santé est de voir comment les villes adhérentes cherchent à promouvoir des initiatives dans des lieux et configurations spatiales spécifiques et comment ces lieux et ces initiatives localisées contribuent à la santé et au bien-être.En définissant la santé comme « un état de complet bien-être physique, mental, social », l’OMS a contribué à diffuser un modèle des déterminants de la santé qui accorde une importance significative aux facteurs liés aux environnements physiques et sociaux. Le programme Villes-Santé a été lancé en 1986 afin de reconnaître le rôle des acteurs de l’urbain dans la promotion de villes susceptibles de concourir à l’épanouissement et la santé pour Tous. Au-delà de l’analyse des modalités d’adhésion de chacune des villes bretonnes concernées au réseau, la thèse évalue l’élargissement de la prise en compte de la santé dans les priorités locales, en s’intéressant plus particulièrement aux choix en matière de gestion et d'aménagement des espaces urbains / The Healthy Cities Project of World Health Organization is a reference that the actors competent to act on the living spaces of people can use to intervene strategically, globally, intersectoral, participatory and partnership for health populations. From the perspective of management and governance of territories, the thesis is in the process of post hoc analysis of the construction of local public health. From geographical point of view, one of the most interesting aspect of “Healthy Cities” is to see how the member cities seek to promote initiatives in places and specific spatial patterns and how these places and these initiatives contribute to local health and well-being.In defining health as "a state of complete physical, mental, social, well-being”, WHO has helped to disseminate a model of the determinants of health that attaches significant importance to factors related to physical and social environments. The Healthy Cities Program was launched in 1986 to recognize the role of actors in the urban development of cities likely to contribute to the vitality and Health for all. The goals of Healthy Cities were then reinforced, and rivaled or surpassed by the goals of sustainable development. Beyond the analysis of the terms of accession of each of the Breton towns involved in the network, the thesis seeks to assess the expansion of the inclusion of health in local priorities, with particular attention to the choices management and planning

A pesquisa estuda a paradiplomacia que envolve atividades de relação e cooperação internacionais protagonizadas por unidades públicas subnacionais. Identifica ações desenvolvidas por governos locais e regionais de várias partes do mundo e, em particular, as atividades paradiplomáticas realizadas pelas cidades de São Paulo, no Brasil, e Montevidéu, no Uruguai. A paradiplomacia em estado federado envolve as atividades protagonizadas pelos Municípios, Estados e Distrito Federal e, em estados unitários, compreendem as efetuadas pelos municípios. Com base no referencial teórico indicado inicialmente, bem como na quantificação dos governos locais latino-americanos, o trabalho desenvolve reflexões sobre a malha territorial do poder local na América Latina e as atividades paradiplomáticas na região. A pesquisa analisa, igualmente, as modalidades de cooperação (intergovernamental/ intragovernamental e horizontal/vertical) protagonizadas pelas interações ocorridas entre governos locais (municípios), governos regionais (Estados) e a União, identificadas no âmbito da gestão das políticas públicas na federação brasileira. Realiza, em seguida, com base nestas experiências, um esforço para identificar como são estão tais cooperações, quando realizadas no âmbito da paradiplomacia. Por fim, realiza um estudo da paradiplomacia em São Paulo e Montevidéu analisando as atividades desenvolvidas do final da década de 1980 até meados da década de 2000, por meio de entrevistas a 12 atores-chaves destas cidades vinculados às práticas paradiplomáticas realizadas. / The research holds as reference the study of the paradiplomacy involving international relations and cooperation activities staged by subnational government units. It identifies actions developed by local and regional governments from around the world, but specifically the paradiplomatic activities undertaken by the cities of São Paulo, Brazil, and Montevideo, Uruguay. The paradiplomacy in federal states involves activities leaded by municipalities, states and the Federal District, and in unitary states, includes those developed by local governments. Based on the theoretical framework initially referred to, as well as on the quantification of local governments in Latin America, this paper provides reflections on the territorial mesh of local authorities in Latin America and the paradiplomatic activities in the region. The research analyzes, to an equal degree, the types of cooperation (intergovernmental / intragovernmental and horizontal / vertical) led by interactions occurring between local governments (municipalities), regional governments (states) and the Union, identified in the management of public policies in the Brazilian federation. Then, based on these experiences, it undertakes an effort to identify how such cooperation is done, when carried out under the paradiplomacy. Finally, it performs a study on the paradiplomacy of Sao Paulo and Montevideo analyzing the activities developed from the late 1980s to the mid 2000s, through a standard questionnaire administered, to 12 key stakeholders from these cities that identify and hold the executed paradiplomatic practices.

A pesquisa estuda a paradiplomacia que envolve atividades de relação e cooperação internacionais protagonizadas por unidades públicas subnacionais. Identifica ações desenvolvidas por governos locais e regionais de várias partes do mundo e, em particular, as atividades paradiplomáticas realizadas pelas cidades de São Paulo, no Brasil, e Montevidéu, no Uruguai. A paradiplomacia em estado federado envolve as atividades protagonizadas pelos Municípios, Estados e Distrito Federal e, em estados unitários, compreendem as efetuadas pelos municípios. Com base no referencial teórico indicado inicialmente, bem como na quantificação dos governos locais latino-americanos, o trabalho desenvolve reflexões sobre a malha territorial do poder local na América Latina e as atividades paradiplomáticas na região. A pesquisa analisa, igualmente, as modalidades de cooperação (intergovernamental/ intragovernamental e horizontal/vertical) protagonizadas pelas interações ocorridas entre governos locais (municípios), governos regionais (Estados) e a União, identificadas no âmbito da gestão das políticas públicas na federação brasileira. Realiza, em seguida, com base nestas experiências, um esforço para identificar como são estão tais cooperações, quando realizadas no âmbito da paradiplomacia. Por fim, realiza um estudo da paradiplomacia em São Paulo e Montevidéu analisando as atividades desenvolvidas do final da década de 1980 até meados da década de 2000, por meio de entrevistas a 12 atores-chaves destas cidades vinculados às práticas paradiplomáticas realizadas. / The research holds as reference the study of the paradiplomacy involving international relations and cooperation activities staged by subnational government units. It identifies actions developed by local and regional governments from around the world, but specifically the paradiplomatic activities undertaken by the cities of São Paulo, Brazil, and Montevideo, Uruguay. The paradiplomacy in federal states involves activities leaded by municipalities, states and the Federal District, and in unitary states, includes those developed by local governments. Based on the theoretical framework initially referred to, as well as on the quantification of local governments in Latin America, this paper provides reflections on the territorial mesh of local authorities in Latin America and the paradiplomatic activities in the region. The research analyzes, to an equal degree, the types of cooperation (intergovernmental / intragovernmental and horizontal / vertical) led by interactions occurring between local governments (municipalities), regional governments (states) and the Union, identified in the management of public policies in the Brazilian federation. Then, based on these experiences, it undertakes an effort to identify how such cooperation is done, when carried out under the paradiplomacy. Finally, it performs a study on the paradiplomacy of Sao Paulo and Montevideo analyzing the activities developed from the late 1980s to the mid 2000s, through a standard questionnaire administered, to 12 key stakeholders from these cities that identify and hold the executed paradiplomatic practices.