ABSTRACT The need to create socially inclusive public space has gained increasing attention among policy makers at the City of Johannesburg. A rise in the privatisation of public space has however been criticised by some analysts as exclusionary. In that context, this study explores the recent development of Gandhi Square as a central city heritage site which operates as privately-managed public space. The re-imaging of the Square has been inspired by M.K. Gandhi’s association with the site. As its main aim, the study assesses the effectiveness of heritage interventions made at the site in meeting their intended goal of addressing a legacy of spatial exclusion through the creation of socially inclusive public space. It evaluates the historical legacy of M.K. Gandhi as the figurehead for the new Square, considered in relation to issues of social inclusion and diversity. Further, the study explores whether the private management of Gandhi square accommodates diversity. It concludes that Gandhi Square is, on both a symbolic and functional level, broadly inclusive of diversity in the context of the Johannesburg inner city.

The aim of the project is to conceive a new theatre house in the Ljubljana city centre. The proposed location is Južni trg (Southern Square) next to Congress Square. The designed building is situated in the carré. The outside contour of the carré is determinated by the important public space coordinates: Slovenska Street, Congress Square, Knafelj passage, Vegova Street, Čopova Street, Wolfova Street. On the southern side the carré borders with Zvezda Park which creates nature cultural and recreational space and supports new public spaces arising from the new theatre building. The shape of the building consists of three skewed forms which are spatially and functionally connected. The roof surface forms a system of ramps which are opened for the public. It is possible to climb from the parterre of the theatre to the highest platform of the structure. From the roof there is a nice view of the city and The castle of Ljubljana.

Project deals with the Brno main railway station and a large area behind this station, including the broader context of a railway junction in Brno and the suburban area. Station is located in the user-friendly and operationally advantageous location in the city center. „Zanádraží“, from the city center point of view, remains behind the station, but it isn`t the city inside periphery anymore. Proximity to city center, train and bus station and the river „Svratka“ give uniquely positioned for the generation of attractive neighborhoods. Author rejects functionalist arrangement of cities and vertical segregation of communications. The new city district is formed by use traditional urban repertoire: streets, squares and waterfronts defined by closed block development. The emphasis is on functional public transportation system, favorable conditions for pedestrian movement and the sustainability of private transport, which is providing a facility for ensuring the service areas, but not for undirected growth threatening urban environment.

The place has a unique location - in between Stare Brno, where the city originated, and the historical city centre. Its triangular shape is defined by two adjoining streets, a vibrant and ancient Pekarska and much younger Anenska. It is also a kind of transition between the big noble city and a shabby, yet fairy area. The design seeks to create a complex of buildings that react to these specific features and add a new layer to the city. The first decision was to enclose this heterogeneous area. Thus a clear structure is defined in regard to both streets as well as their junction. Due to its specific location, the site is built on intensively, yet without exceeding the overall height level of the area. The mass on the north side goes gradually down and the corner forms a firm figure. In the less important street, the scale of the objects becomes smaller, thus interacting with its surroundings. The re-created St. Anna lane acts as a contemporary link between these two worlds. Moreover, it is possible to climb up from there to a public garden on the hill. Functionally, apartment buildings prevail. The corner block serves as offices and there are shops on the ground level. The lane is lined with small studios for artists and craftsman, thus giving the area a unique character.

Completion and reconstruction the urban area near by historical city centre. The two main buildings are on the corner of a busy crossroad. The first building is a police station and other as an office.

no / City Park opened in early 2012 and despite some on-going criticism, during the summer the site drew thousands of people to the heart of Bradford and was the scene of much relaxed and good natured conviviality amongst socially diverse groups. As a new and unique public space in Bradford and a focal point for the city, a number of staff from the Centre for Applied Social Research believed researching City Park to be a fruitful endeavour to help promote a dialogue with the public and other sectors about living together in Bradford.

Grafiska profiler har ofta liknande innehåll men ser självklart olika ut för olika verksamheter och varumärken. En cityförening är ett samarbete mellan flera olika aktörer som vill kommunicera med sina målgrupper och samtidigt förmedla det som föreningen tillsammans står för.  Studiens syfte är att ta reda på vad som bör ingå i en grafisk profil för en cityförening och vilka speciella faktorer som finns vid framtagandet av cityföreningars grafiska profiler. För att påvisa möjligheterna till applicering i det som undersökts, används Mjölby City som exempelfall och studien ska generera riktlinjer för Mjölby Citys grafiska profil. För att svara på studiens frågeställningar har en kvalitativ metod används i form av kvalitativa intervjuer och en fokusgrupp i form av en workshop. Intervjuerna har legat till stor vikt vid undersökningen av de speciella faktorerna, då intervjuer har gjorts med företagsrepresentanter som har skapat eller bearbetat grafiska profiler för cityföreningar. Fokusgruppen utfördes för att ta reda på Mjölby Citys identitet, något som bör ligga till grund då en grafisk profil utarbetas. En kvalitativ intervju med en kommunikationsbyrå har också gjorts för att understryka betydelsen av fokusgruppen. I analysen framkommer det att den teoretiska utgångspunkten och den framtagna empirin är eniga i flera aspekter. Studiens slutsatser bygger på att det finns en del speciella faktorer att ta hänsyn till när det gäller cityföreningars grafiska profiler. En cityförening behöver en tydlig grafisk profil och de bör ta hänsyn till att det finns en tredelad målgrupp: besökare, investerare och invånare. Det är viktigt att ta hänsyn till omgivande faktorer så som politik i området, den lokala utvecklingen och marknaden. En grafisk profil för en cityförening bör bygga på kärnvärden och en karaktäristisk identitet. Den grafiska profilen bör vara bred så att alla föreningens verksamheter inryms under den och den ska gå att kombinera med samarbetspartners visuella uttryck. Kulörer bör definieras i den grafiska profilen som kan delas in efter årstider, högtider och evenemang.  Innehållet i Mjölby Citys grafiska profil bör genomsyras av föreningens identitet och kärnvärden. Den bör innehålla en tydlig logotyp och olika harmoniserande färgpaletter för olika händelser. Den bör innehålla definierade teckensnitt, en antikva och en linjär och om Mjölby City finner en lämplig tagline bör även den finnas med i den grafiska profilen. / Corporate visual identities often a have similar kind of content, but of course they differ depending on the corporation or brand. A city center association is a collaboration of a number of different companies willing to communicate with their target groups and in the same time conveying what the association stands for. This thesis work aims to find out what should be included in a corporate visual identity of a city association and what special factors can be found in the development of these kind of corporate visual identities. To demonstrate the applicability of the study, Mjölby City is used as a case study and guidelines for Mjölby City’s visual identity will be generated. To answer the frame of questions of the study, a qualitative method is used in the form of qualitative interviews and a focus group. Considering the aim of finding special factors, the interviews have been of great importance. They were conducted with company representatives who have worked with visual identities for city associations. The focus group was conducted to find out what Mjölby City’s identity is, which is of great importance when a corporate visual identity is developed. A qualitative interview with a communications agency has also been held to emphasize the importance of the focus group. The analysis shows that the theoretical basis and the derived empirical data are in agreement in several aspects. The study findings are based on the existence of special factors to consider during the development of city association’s visual identities. A city association needs a clear visual identity and one should take into consideration that there are three target groups: visitors, investors and residents. It is important to take environmental factors into account such as policies in the region, local development and the marketplace. A city association’s visual identity should be based on core values and distinctiveness. The visual identity should be broad so that all the association’s activities are housed under it. The width is also important for the possibilities to combine it with partners’ visual identities. Colours should be defined in the visual identity program and they should be be classified according to seasons, celebrations and events. The contents of Mjölby City’s visual identity should be permeated of the association’s identity and core values. It should contain a distinct logo and various harmonizing colour palettes for different events. It should also contain defined fonts, one roman and one linear font, and if Mjölby City finds a suitable tagline this should also be included in the visual identity program.

Historic commercial centres are subject to continuous change and transformation due to the changing socio-economic and cultural structure and relations of production and consumption. Organized within a traditional structure, these spaces have survived until today with their altering meanings and different identities as well as the restructuration they went through because of the socio-economic transformation processes. Besides, they are not only shopping areas or consumption spaces but also urban areas with a traditional style of manufacture and crafts. Theoretical discussions on the conservation of historic city centres focus on issues such as integration of city centres into contemporary life with functions that do not have adverse effects on the authentic characteristics of historic streets and urban fabrics, the role of new functions, activities and structures in the historic fabric, and participation in the conservation process. Historic buildings adopt functions that are different from their original functions due to changing life styles. Having functioned in a well-organized order and shaped by the socio-cultural and economic structure of their eras, they are subject to interventions due to the functions required by the present conditions, such as the addition of a mezzanine or the establishment of a connection between spaces. As a result of these interventions, the original plan schemes and authentic characteristics of historic buildings have changed. This thesis aims at identifying the types of commercial functions that intervene into the authentic design characteristics of commercial buildings located in the historic commercial centre. To this end, the Commercial Centre of Bursa was chosen as the case and the change in the functions of the hans located in this area was examined in detail.

Syfte: Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att utforma ett balanserat styrkort för att genom detta visa hur en managementgrupp kan arbeta med viktiga målsättningar för att utveckla en attraktiv stadskärna och cityhandel. Metod: I denna uppsats har vi använt oss av den kvalitativa metoden med en abduktiv ansats, där vi fördjupat oss i teori samtidigt som vi genomfört intervjuer med personer som arbetar inom ämnet. Vi har utifrån denna teori och resultat analyserat vilka delar som är viktiga för att skapa en attraktiv stadskärna och attraktiv cityhandel. Resultat & slutsats: Det resultat som vi genom detta arbete kommit fram till är att de allra viktigaste målsättningarna att utveckla för att skapa en attraktiv stadskärna och cityhandel är - Motiverade och aktiva aktörer inom stadskärna, ökat samarbete inom stadskärnan, öka antalet besökare, öka andelen besökare som blir kunder samt öka andelen nöjda kunder. Om dessa målsättningar uppfylls menar vi att attraktionskraft skapas i stadskärnan och cityhandeln. Uppsatsens bidrag: Det teoretiska bidraget med denna uppsats är att det finns ett antal målsättningar som är viktigast för att skapa en attraktiv stadskärna och cityhandel. Det praktiska bidraget är ett balanserat styrkort samt målkort som centrumledare / Aim: We aim with this theses is to identify important factors required to develop an attractive city centre and city centre commerce. We are also going to look into the work needed to accomplice this and which stakeholders that are needed to be involved in this work. Method: In this essay we have used the qualitative method with an abductive approach, were we have been taking note of theory parallell with doing interviews with persons activ within this subject. From this theory and inteview results we have analyzed which parts in the city centre and city centre commerce that are important to make it more attractive. Conclusions: Our conclusion is that the most important factors to work with to develop an attractive city centre and city centre commerce is - motivated and active stakeholders within the city centre, increased cooperation within the city centre, increased amount of visitors, increased amount of visitors that become satisfied customers. If these key facors are fullfilled we mean that the city centre and the city centre commerce is attractive. Contribution: The theoretical consequence of our study is that there are several key factors to work with to create an attractive city Centre. The practical consequence of this is that the management in the city center groups can work with our balanced score card to create an attractive city center and city commerce in their cities.

The aim of the work is to design the completion of the block in the historic center of Ostrava in a place called Kostelní náměstí. The work deals with the topic of appropriate integration of contemporary architecture into the historic city center with the choice of the right functions to revitalize this locality. The problem of the city center is quantity of gaps in the historical city core, a few attractive features for people, shifting the focus of interest to the shopping center Nova Karolina and problematic relations between private owners and the city council.