Civil society participation in the policy and law making process is necessary in environmental management as it ensures the consideration and inclusion of the views of those affected by decisions made by the state. Despite the recognition of the importance of participation, it is not clear what role Civil society organisations(CSOs) in Uganda have actually played in the formulation of environmental policies and laws. The aim of this research therefore is to analyse the participatory role played by CSOs in these processes. The study is conducted around the conceptual framework of participation in environmental management as a part of the broader notion of participatory governance as a necessary element for the consolidation of democracy. It studies the role of civil society actors working in the area of environmental rights and protection in the formulation of environmental policy and law. The time frame is from the advent of the Constitution and National Environmental Management Act both enacted in 1995 which provide the overall legal framework for environmental policy and law and for participation in its formulation. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of S Tindifa, Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Kampala Uganda / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvana Martinazzo.pdf: 1372538 bytes, checksum: ffbab894a93bd4c5910cb5a13b447f8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-23 / The aim of this article is to analyze the configuration of management councils in Ponta Grossa and the challenges concerning the participation of civil society, from the perspective of the government segment of the councils researched. The research refers to the period of 2014/2 and 2015/01 and it characterizes the organizational profile, the nature and constitution of the management councils as a possibility for a better understanding of the challenges. The research took the form of a quali-quantitative study case and its methodology included a literature review of the themes investigated, documentary research, in addition to a questionnaire applied to those linked to the 9 management councils investigated and, content analysis. The participants that agreed to answer the questionnaire were selected according to the criteria of their involvement with the consultant and deliberative government management councils. The research questionnaire was structured according to 4 axis: characterization of the research participants; the counselors´ performance, the functioning of the councils and civil society participation in the municipal management councils in Ponta Grossa. The theoretical framework was supported on reflections about State, Civil Society, Public Management and Management Councils; this framework provided the basis for the content analysis of the data generated in the field research. In addition to the existing management councils, the research identified their legal and organizational aspects and the perception of the weak participation of civil society in public management of public policies councils in Ponta Grossa through the evaluation of the government segment that participates in the process of management/management councils. At the same time, such government counselors point suggestions to face the challenges concerning the participation of civil society in Public Policies Management. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como se configuram os conselhos gestores de Ponta Grossa e os desafios da participação da sociedade civil, sob a ótica do segmento governamental inserido nos conselhos pesquisados. A pesquisa abarca o período de 2014/2 e 2015/1, caracterizando o perfil organizacional, a natureza e a constituição dos conselhos gestores, como uma possibilidade de contribuição para maior entendimento destes desafios. A pesquisa tem caráter quali-quantitativo e foi balizada metodologicamente em revisão de literatura sobre a temática do objeto da pesquisa, pesquisa documental, questionário com sujeitos significativos vinculados aos nove conselhos gestores pesquisados. A seleção dos sujeitos participantes - são todos conselheiros governamentais da gestão atual - seguiu os critérios a seguir. O questionário de pesquisa foi estruturado em quatro eixos, assim definidos: caracterização dos sujeitos; a atuação dos conselheiros; o funcionamento dos conselhos, e a participação da sociedade civil na gestão pública dos conselhos gestores do município de Ponta Grossa. A fundamentação teórica foi tecida com reflexões sobre Estado, sociedade civil, gestão pública e conselhos gestores, instrumentalizando a análise de conteúdo dos dados levantados na pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa oportunizou identificar, além dos conselhos gestores existentes, seus aspectos legais e organizacionais e a percepção da fraca participação da sociedade civil na gestão pública dos conselhos de políticas públicas em Ponta Grossa, através da avaliação do segmento governamental que participa do processo de gestão/Conselhos gestores. Ao mesmo tempo, tais conselheiros governamentais apontam sugestões para enfrentar os desafios à participação da sociedade civil na gestão de Políticas Públicas.

The thesis maps the ways of participation of Russian-speaking mothers on the Czech civil society. By means of in-depth interviews I learn what factors are required for the integration of the migrants and what make the integration difficult. I focus on fulfillment of the need of belonging to Czech civil society in the context of all other needs. The sense of belonging is specific for women because of their gender-dependent family role - a woman takes care of children and comes more often to contact with Czech society through them. She also assumes the role of a protector of the original culture and mother tongue. I study the influence of the ethnic identity of mothers on the integration of their children into the new environment and the role of the mothers in the upbringing of a new citizen. I also study whether the migrants need services of Czech and migrant non-profit organizations for their participation on Czech civil society, or whether they use help of their countrymen. Keywords: Integration, participation, civil society, Russian-speking migrant mother, sense of belonging, identity

As metrópoles superam diariamente grandes desafios e para seu enfrentamento é preciso utilizar estratégias políticas, econômicas, socioambientais e estruturais, bem como contar com instrumentos de participação da sociedade civil e o consequente exercício do controle social sobre as políticas públicas e de governo. Com o agravamento de práticas ambientais predatórias as cidades têm tido suas condições ambientais alteradas por ações ou atividades antrópicas e, também determinadas por comportamentos inadequados por parte de seus governantes e habitantes. A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental, instrumento de gestão ambiental, de planejamento e uso do solo, contribui como instrumento participativo para a organização do espaço urbano. Essa avaliação se dá por meio de etapas que compõe o procedimento administrativo e culmina com a concessão de licenças ambientais a fim de controlar atividades que utilizem recursos naturais ou que possam causar degradação. Uma de suas mais expressivas características é a participação social na tomada de decisões que se dá por meio de audiências públicas. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo geral investigar como se deu a participação da sociedade civil e da administração pública no processo de avaliação de impacto ambiental no Conselho Municipal do Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - CADES da Secretaria do Verde e do Meio Ambiente, Município de São Paulo, no período de 2010 a 2016. Para atingir os objetivos propostos neste estudo, optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa. Devido às diferentes abordagens metodológicas utilizadas optou-se pela triangulação dos dados que foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com os Conselheiros e Gestores, análise documental e observação participante. Como resultado, verificou-se que se os instrumentos legais de participação da sociedade civil no processo de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental fossem utilizados, conjugando os objetivos da administração pública e as necessidades da população em todas as fases, haveria uma atuação mais efetiva e motivada da população, exigindo empreendimentos com menor impacto socioambiental e instrumentos mais inclusivos de consulta a população afetada pelos empreendimentos em análise no órgão ambiental. / The metropolises face big challenges on daily basis and their confrontation requires the use of political, economic, socio-environmental and structural strategies, as well as instruments of civil society participation and the consequent exercise of social control over public and government policies. With the worsening of predatory environmental practices, the cities have had their environmental conditions altered by anthropic actions or activities and also determined by inappropriate behaviour from their rulers and inhabitants. The Environmental Impact Assessment, an instrument of environmental management and planning and land use, contributes as a participatory instrument for the organization of urban space. This evaluation is done through steps that compose the administrative procedure and culminates with the granting of environmental licenses in order to control activities that use natural resources or that may cause degradation. One of its most expressive characteristics is the social participation in the decision-making process that takes place through public hearings. This research had as general objective to investigate how the civil society and the public administration participated in the environmental impact assessment process in the Municipal Council of Environment and Sustainable Development - CADES of the Secretariat of Green and Environment, Municipality of São Paulo, in the period from 2010 to 2016. To achieve the objectives proposed in this study, it was decided to carry out a qualitative research. Due to the different methodological approaches used, we opted for the triangulation of the data that were obtained through interviews with the Advisors and Public Administrators, documentary analysis and participant observation. As a result, it was verified that if the legal instruments of civil society participation in the process of Environmental Impact Assessment were used, combining the objectives of the public administration and the needs of the population in all phases, there would be a more effective and motivated action of the population requiring ventures with less socio-environmental impact and more inclusive instruments of consultation to the population affected by the projects under analysis in the environmental agency.

As metrópoles superam diariamente grandes desafios e para seu enfrentamento é preciso utilizar estratégias políticas, econômicas, socioambientais e estruturais, bem como contar com instrumentos de participação da sociedade civil e o consequente exercício do controle social sobre as políticas públicas e de governo. Com o agravamento de práticas ambientais predatórias as cidades têm tido suas condições ambientais alteradas por ações ou atividades antrópicas e, também determinadas por comportamentos inadequados por parte de seus governantes e habitantes. A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental, instrumento de gestão ambiental, de planejamento e uso do solo, contribui como instrumento participativo para a organização do espaço urbano. Essa avaliação se dá por meio de etapas que compõe o procedimento administrativo e culmina com a concessão de licenças ambientais a fim de controlar atividades que utilizem recursos naturais ou que possam causar degradação. Uma de suas mais expressivas características é a participação social na tomada de decisões que se dá por meio de audiências públicas. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo geral investigar como se deu a participação da sociedade civil e da administração pública no processo de avaliação de impacto ambiental no Conselho Municipal do Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - CADES da Secretaria do Verde e do Meio Ambiente, Município de São Paulo, no período de 2010 a 2016. Para atingir os objetivos propostos neste estudo, optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa. Devido às diferentes abordagens metodológicas utilizadas optou-se pela triangulação dos dados que foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com os Conselheiros e Gestores, análise documental e observação participante. Como resultado, verificou-se que se os instrumentos legais de participação da sociedade civil no processo de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental fossem utilizados, conjugando os objetivos da administração pública e as necessidades da população em todas as fases, haveria uma atuação mais efetiva e motivada da população, exigindo empreendimentos com menor impacto socioambiental e instrumentos mais inclusivos de consulta a população afetada pelos empreendimentos em análise no órgão ambiental. / The metropolises face big challenges on daily basis and their confrontation requires the use of political, economic, socio-environmental and structural strategies, as well as instruments of civil society participation and the consequent exercise of social control over public and government policies. With the worsening of predatory environmental practices, the cities have had their environmental conditions altered by anthropic actions or activities and also determined by inappropriate behaviour from their rulers and inhabitants. The Environmental Impact Assessment, an instrument of environmental management and planning and land use, contributes as a participatory instrument for the organization of urban space. This evaluation is done through steps that compose the administrative procedure and culminates with the granting of environmental licenses in order to control activities that use natural resources or that may cause degradation. One of its most expressive characteristics is the social participation in the decision-making process that takes place through public hearings. This research had as general objective to investigate how the civil society and the public administration participated in the environmental impact assessment process in the Municipal Council of Environment and Sustainable Development - CADES of the Secretariat of Green and Environment, Municipality of São Paulo, in the period from 2010 to 2016. To achieve the objectives proposed in this study, it was decided to carry out a qualitative research. Due to the different methodological approaches used, we opted for the triangulation of the data that were obtained through interviews with the Advisors and Public Administrators, documentary analysis and participant observation. As a result, it was verified that if the legal instruments of civil society participation in the process of Environmental Impact Assessment were used, combining the objectives of the public administration and the needs of the population in all phases, there would be a more effective and motivated action of the population requiring ventures with less socio-environmental impact and more inclusive instruments of consultation to the population affected by the projects under analysis in the environmental agency.

This study aimed at investigating the educational planning from 1999 to 2004 under the perspective of the school participation accomplished by the State bureaucratic apparatus, the Executive Secretary of Education of the State of Alagoas (SEE/AL), in the north-east of Brazil, since the setting up of the democratic education management model in the system in1999. This research was a case study where the qualitative approach was considered under the dialectical social-historical conception, using qualitative techniques: documentary primary and secondary documents, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with the technicians from the Executive Secretary of Education members of the school community - students, teachers, staff and parents. The accomplished study reveals that, during the setting up period of the democratic educational management in 1999, the restricted State of Alagoas, tried to get to know the community s demands so as to plan some actions intended to fulfill a participation culture through mechanisms established throughout the whole public system where there weren t any previously. However, it is inferred that most of the times the planned actions became exhausted as institutionalization and orientation for the teaching units, of a political and pedagogical content, being much more restricted to bureaucratic guidance of the working of the established mechanisms, such as filling in reports, receipts, and so on. Therefore, it was planned a few actions which promoted a more committed basis participation from segments such as the parents and students , through school societies and parents associations in the schools, thus weakening the democratic quality. The planning process itself inserted within a little participative environment with traditional type characteristics within the SEE s bureaucratic apparatus, the lack of a accomplishing a shared planning, and the constant changing of SEE managers resulted in consequences in the planned actions. Therein, the SEEL s discourse of building up a citizen school collided with the limitation of the State bureaucratic apparatus which has circumscribed itself to the planning of a relative participative culture, planning which widened participation to a determined extent, but intended a few learning actions of an active kind of participation. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Este estudo teve o objetivo de investigar, no período de 1999-2004, o planejamento educacional, sob a perspectiva da participação escolar, realizado pelo aparelho burocrático estatal Secretaria Executiva de Educação de Alagoas (SEE/AL) a partir da implantação na rede do modelo de gestão educacional democrático em 1999. Esta pesquisa foi um estudo de caso onde consideramos a abordagem qualitativa sob a concepção sócio-histórica e dialética, utilizando técnicas qualitativas documentais documentos primários e secundários , bem como entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os técnicos da Secretaria Executiva de Educação e membros da comunidade escolar alunos, professores, funcionários e pais e questionários. O estudo realizado revela que no período de implantação do modelo de gestão educacional democrática, em 1999, o estado restrito alagoano procurou conhecer as demandas da comunidade para que fossem planejadas ações na intenção de concretizar uma cultura de participação, antes inexistente, através de mecanismos implantados em toda a rede pública de educação. No entanto, constata-se que as ações planejadas muitas vezes se esvaziaram, enquanto institucionalização e orientação para as unidades de ensino, de um conteúdo político-pedagógico, estando muito mais restritas às orientações burocráticas do funcionamento dos mecanismos implantados, como o preenchimento de relatórios, notas fiscais etc. Nesse sentido, foram planejadas poucas ações que fomentassem uma participação de base mais engajada de segmentos como os dos pais e alunos, através dos grêmios estudantis e associações de pais nas escolas, fragilizando, portanto, a qualidade democrática. O processo de planejamento inserido numa cultura pouco participativa apresentou ainda características consideradas tradicionais, constituindo-se num processo de planejamento descompartilhado no aparelho burocrático, pela ausência de ações focalizadas em uma participação de base e pelas sucessivas trocas dos gestores da Secretaria Executiva de Educação. Assim, o discurso de formar uma escola cidadã da burocracia estatal esbarrou na limitação do aparelho burocrático de Estado, que se limitou ao planejamento de uma cultura participativa relativa , planejamento que alargou a participação até determinado ponto, mas que resultou em poucas ações de aprendizado de uma participação ativa.

The thesis "Civic participation of older people in the context of the University of the Third Age" focuses on the role of civic participation in the lives of active older people who attend the University of the Third Age. This role is examined in the context of adult education, specifically through a leisure education program, which is dedicated to educating older people, i.e. the University of the Third Age. From a demographic perspective, the elderly population will continue to grow. This will be unavoidably reflected in the development of civil society in which older people participate. This makes it relevant to pay older people as an active group more research attention. Qualitative data were collected via in-depth interviews. Attention was paid namely to the interviewees' attitudes to and experience of civic participation they have accumulated over their life course. The analysed respondents' accounts indicate that they understand participation as activities related to politics and as politically oriented activities. They attach the greatest importance to political participation. Formal participation also occurs, but the respondents do not stress this participation as they rather take it for granted.

Post-socialist states are often linked to low political participation and weak civil society. Simultaneously, there is a visible rise in the phenomenon of urban movements. They serve not only as a platform for mobilization of citizens but also as a platform that builds a bridge between politics and society. Therefore, there is a need to study this phenomenon as an intriguing opportunity for research into the relationship between the civil and political sphere on a local level. The goal of this thesis is to show how city activists look at the civil and political spheres in comparison to the definition offered by theoretical conceptualizations. Research has demonstrated a transition in spheres, where activities are indicated as nonpolitical by activists. These findings are not supported by the presented theory which considers them political, and therefore, this study suggests that the boundaries of the spheres are shifted. Moreover, activists constantly engage in both spheres and therefore enter local politics through their activity. They prefer conventional methods to political actions, which they are not estranged to, but they do not frame them as political.