Idea of human rights came from ancienit Greece. Rethought in renaissance period, accompain humankind to nowadays. Euro-atlantic civilization in his modern form is found on the idea of human rights. Maybe we not precieve them, because most of states in euro-atlantic region have human rights confirm in their constitutions. But they are, states which see human rights in different way. Most of them are patriarchalic systems, where not all citizens have same rights. It means we will discusse as a matter of priority about women. From euro-atlantic view this attitude is not correct. But there are some foundantions and red strand which accompain these states and civilizations. And that is what I would like to show in this work. Things which are same, that one which are different, and that one we can discusse. Keywords Human rights, euroatlantic civilization, islam, women

L’objet de notre recherche est une enquête sur la dimension psychocorporelle des nouvelles interactions sociales multiculturelles. Pour cette enquête nous faisons référence au répertoire conceptuel de la psychomotricité et en particulier aux concepts de schéma corporel, de l’image du corps, de dialogue tonique et de cadre thérapeutique. La psychomotricité est adoptée comme point de référence privilégié car la motricité, le corps et la relation sont des objets d’intervention propres à cette discipline. A partir d’une méthodologie qualitative, notre analyse mêle l’élaboration théorique avec des analyses empiriques conduites sur le terrain articulant des interviews, des observations vidéo et des tests de psychomotricité. Les résultats obtenus, soulignent que la psychomotricité n’est pas suffisante pour répondre aux besoins de soin des sujets appartenant à d’autres cultures et mettent en évidence la nécessité d’une refondation épistémologique interculturelle de la psychomotricité en tant que pratique d’éducation et de thérapie à médiation corporelle. / The aim of the research has been to examine the psycho-physical aspect of contemporary multi-cultural social interactions. Reference is made to the conceptual repertoire of psychomotricity, in particular to the concepts of body schema, body image, tonic dialogue and therapeutic setting. Psychomotricity has been taken as the point of reference due to the fact that motricity, the body and the subject’s relationship with his/her body are the principal means of intervention appertaining to this discipline. Starting from using a qualitative methodology, the analysis combines the theoretical elaboration with in situ empirical analyses in the form of interviews, video observations and psychomotricity tests. The results obtained underline that psychomotricity is no longer adequate in responding to the needs of people who belong to other cultures and highlight that psychomotricity as an educational practice and corporeal therapy must undergo an epistemological, intercultural overhaul.

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between author, text and user-generated modifications in the context of the computer game Civilization 4. These relationships are studied in part by analyzing how the game mechanics have been modified, and in part through analyzing the communication taking place between players of Civilization 4 in the CivFanatics online forums. The study concludes that fans as creators are increasingly leaning on each other and their self-produced accumulated body of knowledge in the generation of new and further changes to the narrative universe, and that the original creators of the game have all but faded from view. This suggests that fan creativity is not situated against or directed at particular authors (original or otherwise), but a community effort quite independent from original intent.

Orientador: Pereira da Silva Marcia / Resumo: Ao longo do século XX, a espacialidade que se constituiu estado de Rondônia foi, de forma recorrente, objeto de narrativas que a percebiam como espaço vazio, lugar de natureza bravia e selvagem a ser domado e civilizado. A busca por dar conta dessas missões – primeiro civilizatória, depois modernizadora – em projetos iniciados e propagados pelo estado brasileiro, levou à migração de agentes diversos a estas localidades. Ao produzirem narrativas sobre essa trajetória, estes sujeitos costumam fazê-lo a partir de elementos comuns a determinado imaginário ambivalente (HARTOG [1980] 2014) que situa a Amazônia, no geral, e Rondônia, em específico, entre o paraíso e o inferno terrestres, como lugares ermos e terra da promissão. Tal perspectiva foi consagrada em diferentes campos: imprensa, historiografia, memória, e literatura. Ao tomar parcela relevante dessas produções como fontes, esta investigação buscou evidenciar: elementos correspondentes às ações de ocupação ensejadas; e a maneira como as mesmas são narradas pelos migrantes sob as perspectivas do alargamento das fronteiras, do desbravamento, do pioneirismo, da edificação do progresso. Tomando o conceito de cultura política (BERSTEIN, 1998; 2009), objetivou-se compreender a emergência e a representação de imaginários de civilização e modernização na espacialidade referida no decorrer do século passado. A pesquisa realizada indica que essas representações têm levado a termo um regime historiográfico específico na forma de narr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Throughout the twentieth century, the spatiality that constituted the state of Rondônia was, in a recurrent way, the object of narratives that perceived it as an empty space, a wild and wild place to be tamed and civilized. The search for these missions - first civilizing, then modernizing - in projects initiated and propagated by the Brazilian state, led to the migration of different agents to these localities. In producing narratives about this trajectory, these subjects usually do so from elements common to an ambivalent imaginary (HARTOG [1980] 2014) that places Amazonia in general and Rondônia, in particular, between terrestrial paradise and hell , as idle places and land of promise. This perspective exist in different fields: press, historiography, memory, and literature. When taking a relevant portion of these productions as sources, this research evidence: elements corresponding to the occupation actions taken; and the way narrated by migrants under the prospect of extending frontiers, clearing, pioneering, and building progress. Taking the concept of political culture (BERSTEIN, 1998; 2009), the objective was to understand the emergence and representation of imagery of civilization and modernization in the spatiality referred to in the course of the last century. The research carried out indicates that these representations have led to the conclusion of a specific historiographic regime in the form of narrating the colonization of the so-called Amazonian voids, re-up... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumen: A lo largo del siglo XX, la espacialidad que se constituyó en el estado de Rondônia fue, de forma recurrente, objeto de narrativas que la percibían como espacio vacío, lugar de naturaleza brava y salvaje a ser domado y civilizado. La búsqueda por dar cuenta de esas misiones – primero civilizadora, después modernizadora – em proyectos iniciados y propagados por el estado brasileño, llevó a la migración de agentes diversos a estas localidades. Al producir narraciones sobre esa trayectoria, estos sujetos suelen hacerlo a partir de elementos comunes a determinado imaginario ambivalente (HARTOG [1980] 2014) que sitúa la Amazonia, en general, y Rondônia, en específico, entre el paraíso y el infierno terrestres , como lugares ermos y tierra de la promesa. Tal perspectiva fue consagrada en diferentes campos: prensa, historiografía, memoria, y literatura. Al tomar parte relevante de esas producciones como fuentes, esta investigación buscó evidenciar: elementos correspondientes a las acciones de ocupación que se plantean; y la manera como las mismas son narradas por los migrantes bajo las perspectivas de la ampliación de las fronteras, del desbravamiento, del pionerismo, de la edificación del progreso. Tomando el concepto de cultura política (BERSTEIN, 1998, 2009), se objetivó comprender la emergencia y la representación de imaginarios de civilización y modernización en la espacialidad referida a lo largo del siglo pasado. La investigación realizada indica que esas representaciones han... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Doutor

Orientador: Paulo José Brando Santilli / Banca: Graciela Chamorro / Banca: Levi Marques Pereira / Banca: Maria Inês Martins Ladeira / Banca: Tania Regina de Luca / Resumo: Este trabalho trata da política indigenista do Estado Republicano ao sul de Mato Grosso, tendo como objeto específico o processo de educação escolar na Reserva de Dourados e Aldeia Panambizinho, no período de 1929 a 1968. Os referenciais teórico-metodológicos adotados baseiam-se, primordialmente, na História Cultural, na História Social, na Antropologia e na Etnografia, com a contribuição das fontes da História Oral. Intenta-se a construção de uma História que, ao mesmo tempo em que evidencia a violência cometida contra os povos indígenas, os reconhece como agentes sociais. Ao longo do trabalho, analisamos as concepções da política indigenista oficial em suas contradições e ambigüidades, passando do plano discursivo ao prático. Buscamos reconstituir o processo de criação da Reserva Indígena de Dourados e da Terra Indígena do Panambizinho, fazendo uma breve contextualização dos condicionamentos históricos recentes da migração dos Terena e dos Guarani até a região, perpassando pela caracterização de sua conformação étnico-cultural, em seus aspectos mais relevantes. Com base em documentos escritos e orais, demonstramos o entrelaçamento do Serviço de Proteção ao Índio com a "Missão Evangélica Caiuá", o primeiro abdicando de sua proposta inicial de secularização das práticas sociais para processar, em parceria com a Instituição religiosa, um projeto de escola alicerçado num ideário que combinava catequização e educação, visando garantir "a civilização e a integração" dos índios à sociedade local, a ponto de fazer, daquela última, parte constitutiva da estrutura política do órgão tutor. Concomitantemente, buscamos relacionar alguns depoimentos referentes ao modelo de escola implantado e a visão de índios informantes que estudaram nas décadas de 1950 e 1960. / Abstract: This work presents the indigenist politics of the Republican State in the south of Mato Grosso, and has as specific object the process of school education in the Reservation of Dourados and Aldeia Panambizinho, in the period 1929-1968. The theoretical-methodological referentials are based mainly on Cultural History, Social History, Anthropology and Ethnography, with the contribution of the sources of Oral History. It was attempted the construction of a History that evidences the violence that is committed against the indigenous people, at the same time that recognizes them as social agents. Along the work, it were analyzed the conceptions of the official indigenist politics in their contradictions and ambiguities, passing from the discursive plan to the practical. It was sought to reconstitute the process of creation of the Indigenous Reservation of Dourados and the Terra Indígena do Panambizinho, contextualizing the recent historical conditionings of the migration of the Terena and Guarani to the area, passing through the characterization of their ethnic-cultural resignation in the more relevant aspects. Based on written and oral documents, it was demonstrated the interlacement of S.P.I. with the "Missão Evangélica Ciuá", the first abdicating of its initial proposal of secularization of the social practices to develope a school project in partnership with the religious Institution, founded on an ideology that combined catechization and education, seeking to guarantee "the civilization and integration" of the Indians to the local society, to the point of converting the last one in a constituent of the tutor organ political structure. At the same time, it presents some testimonies regarding the school model implanted in the reservation and the view of informant Indians that studied there in the decades of 1950 and 1960. / Doutor

A civilização minóica da Creta da Idade do Bronze foi uma das poucas civilizações européias a organizar a sociedade através de um sistema palacial. Os estudos sobre a formação dos estados minóicos devem analisar em profundidade o sistema administrativo palacial e as mudanças no mesmo ao longo de seus seis séculos de funcionamento - neste trabalho pretende-se analisar a evolução da complexidade das unidades sócio-políticas minóicas através da análise de suas formas administrativas. A definição de categorias de sítios administrativos - pela análise funcional dos vestígios arquiteturais e dos achados arqueológicos dos mesmos - e o estudo dos padrões hierárquicos entre os diversos sítios, serão o cerne do trabalho. O uso de metodologias apropriadas para a análise de processos de mudança e formação de instituições político-administrativas, como a Teoria de Sistemas e os conceitos de peer polity interaction de Colin Renfrew, serão as ferramentas básicas deste projeto. Esse trabalho é um desdobramento de pesquisa desenvolvida em Mestrado realizado no MAE/USP sobre as interações entre os estados primitivos de Creta e as práticas de culto minóicas. / The Minoan Civilization of the Bronze Age Crete was one of the few european civilizations that organized its society through a palatial system. The studies about the development of the Minoan States must analyse thoroughness the administrative palatial system and the changes that have occured on it during its six centuries of functioning. In this thesis we intend to analyse the complexity evolution of the Minoan polities through the analysis of its administrative configurations. The definition of administrative sites - through the function analysis of the architectural vestiges and of its archaeological discoveries - and the study of the hierarchic patterns among the sites, will be the main point of this research. The use of usefull methodologies for the analysis of early state formation and culture change, like systems theory and the concepts of peer polity interaction, will be the basis tools of this project. This research follows research developed in the mastership done in MAE/USP about the interaction between the early states of Crete and the Minoan ritual practices.

Esta tese consistiu em uma investigação do trabalho concreto em sala de aula das 5ª e 6ª séries do Ensino Fundamental em um colégio particular religioso da cidade do Rio de Janeiro próximo à Favela do Vidigal e da Chácara do Céu - que fez uma opção inovadora para atender as camadas populares dessas comunidades. Foi a história dessa opção pelos pobres que chamou nossa atenção, uma vez que acenava com a possibilidade de alguma atuação transformadora no sentido de atender uma população desfavorecida. A literatura pedagógica centrada sobre o que hoje se tem nomeado cultura escolar compreende que o ritual da própria organização interna a cada escola configura um feixe de rotinas, usos e costumes, saberes e valores, que não apenas fazem parte da instituição, mas, sobretudo, fazem a instituição. O principal eixo de análise foi de perscrutar esse universo cultural específico dessa escola para aferir o que se passava no seu dia-a-dia. Compreender tais formas requer do investigador uma atenção mais detida sobre: o que se passa em sala de aula, o que acontece nos corredores com as turmas, as constatações da equipe administrativa, as disposições dos professores, os depoimentos dos pais dos alunos, os sinais mediante os quais os alunos registram sua percepção da vida escolar. Busca compreender as implicações socioculturais e alterações do projeto político e pedagógico do Centro Popular Stella Maris, que antes atendia alunos de classe média e média alta, e que, mantendo o mesmo corpo docente, passou a atender as camadas populares. As estratégias usadas na pesquisa de campo foram: observação da sala de aula, estudos de caso e entrevistas com os principais atores: alunos, professores, coordenadores e mães da comunidade atendida. Na análise dos dados tivemos como categorias: a cultura tanto na visão da comunidade como na visão dos professores e coordenadores; a escola na perspectiva dos pais da comunidade e a visão da comunidade do ponto de vista dos professores e coordenadores; as relações pedagógicas e o estabelecimento de vínculos; e as estratégias e recursos pedagógicos nas formas de ensinar. Pretendemos com essa pesquisa trazer para domínio público essa inovação que re-significa o espaço escolar para as camadas populares, com o intuito de auxiliar a escola pública a pôr em prática experiências inovadoras no que diz respeito à possibilidade da superação das dificuldades de aprendizagem do corpo discente a partir da escola. Os estudos de Souza Patto, Bourdieu e Dubet, entre outros, nortearam nossa pesquisa e fundamentaram nossas análises sobre essa experiência educativa. Nossas conclusões foram que a escola na modernidade apresentou progressivamente seu aspecto civilizador ou o desejo de inscrever, na formação das crianças e dos jovens, um dado modelo cultural prévio e anteriormente prescrito que ainda se encontra presente na atualidade e, em particular, nas experiências que pretendem oferecer um ensino de qualidade às camadas populares. / This thesis consisted on an investigation into the practical work in the classrooms of 5th and 6th grades of Elementary School in a private religious school in Rio de Janeiro close to Favela do Vidigal and Chacara do Ceu which had made the innovative choice of attending to the lower class from these communities. It was their option for the poor which drew our attention as it waved the possibility of some transforming act as they were attending to a disadvantaged population. The literature on education centered in what today is called school culture understands that the ritual of every school internal organization frames a beam of routines, uses and costumes, knowledge and values which are not only part of the institution but above all they form the institution. The main axis of analysis was to look round this schools specific cultural universe to see what was happening in their daily life. For the comprehension of such forms the researcher is requested a more attentive look upon: what is going on in the classroom, what happens with the groups along the corridors, the administrative staffs observations, the teachers dispositions, the students parents statements, the signs through which the students register their perception about life at school. He sought to understand the socio-cultural implications and changes in the politic-pedagogical project by the Centro Popular Stella Maris which had previously attended to middle and upper-class students and now attends to the lower class and kept on with the same board of teachers. The strategies used in the field survey were observation in the classroom, case studies and interviews with the key stakeholders: students, teachers, coordinators and mothers from the community. For the data analysis we established as categories: culture as seen by the community and according to teachers and coordinators view; the school viewed by the community parents and the teachers and coordinators view of the community; the pedagogical relations and the establishment of ties; the strategies and pedagogical resources used for teaching. With this research we intend to bring this innovation into public knowledge as it re-signifies school environment for the lower class in order to assist public schools to put into practice innovative actions in what concerns to the possibility of overcoming students difficulties in learning by means of the school. Studies by Souza Patto, Bourdieu and Dubet among others guided our research and based our analysis on this educational experience. Our conclusions were that the school in modernity has gradually presented its civilizing aspect or its desire to inscribe a previous cultural model, prescribed beforehand, in childrens and youth education which is still present today and particularly in the practices which intend to offer good quality schooling to lower classes.

Este trabalho busca entrelaçar a história de um banco, das idéias econômicas de um homem e de um projeto político. O segundo Banco do Brasil foi idealizado e concretizado pelo então ministro da fazenda Joaquim José Rodrigues Torres, futuro visconde de Itaboraí, e se inseria, como braço financeiro, no projeto conservador de centralização política do império, no projeto político saquarema de construção e consolidação do Estado imperial. A tese que guia o trabalho é de que o banco foi resultado desse projeto político mais amplo levado a cabo pelos saquaremas. Embora fosse uma instituição privada, suas relações com o governo eram estreitas. Como cabia ao imperador nomear o presidente da instituição, seus olhos se faziam presentes no coração da máquina monetária e, em menor medida, creditícia da economia mercantil escravista brasileira. Era o banco o responsável pelo controle da oferta monetária da economia e para isso contava formalmente com o monopólio da emissão de notas bancárias em todo o império. Ao controlar tal oferta, o banco poderia regular a liquidez do mercado e a taxa de desconto. Com a moeda e o crédito nas mãos, o segundo Banco do Brasil era uma instituição chave para a centralização do poder político na Corte. Ao perder o monopólio de emissão, o banco perderia a capacidade de controlar a oferta de moeda e crédito naquela economia e, portanto, sua razão de ser. Daí não ser surpresa o fato de que os próprios saquaremas trabalhassem politicamente para cassar o direito de emissão do banco. É nesse sentido que buscamos reconstituir a história do segundo Banco do Brasil, o banco da Ordem. / This dissertation seeks to interweave the story of a bank, the economic ideas of one man and a political project. The second Bank of Brazil was conceived and implemented by the finance minister, Joaquim José Rodrigues Torres, future viscount of Itaboraí. It was the financial arm of the conservative project of a political centralization of the empire, the \"saquarema\" project of constructing and consolidating the imperial State. The thesis that guides this work is that the bank was a result of this wider political project undertaken by the saquaremas. Though a private institution, its relations with the government were close. Given that the emperor appointed the president of the institution, he kept his eye on the heart of the monetary machine and to a lesser extent, the credit machine of the Brazilian slaveryera market economy. It was the bank responsible for controlling the money supply in the economy and so had the monopoly on issuing bank notes in the entire empire. With this control, the bank could regulate market liquidity and the discount rate. With money and credit in its hands, the second Bank of Brazil was a key institution for the centralization of political power at court. Upon losing this monopoly, the bank would lose the ability to control the money supply and credit and hence its reason for being. It is therefore hardly surprising that saquaremas themselves worked politically to revoke the bank\'s right of issuing currency. That is why we seek to reconstruct the history of the second Bank of Brazil, the bank of Order.

The push of the past half century to redefine the American canon through the incorporation of writers representative of America's heterogeneousness has given voice to a range of marginalized writers. This movement, predicated on the belief that American society was never as unified as its early leaders would have us believe, has overstated what it sought to challenge : the unitedness of early Americans. Casting the leaders of the Early Republic as in complete accord, such critical readings negate the significant differences that existed and the pains necessary to present something akin to national unity and identity. It is my aim to show that this unity came about through a constructed rhetoric meant to unify the citizens in colonial America and the Early Republic. In this thesis, I will examine three modes of this rhetoric : American Exceptionalism, the American Enlightenment, and the movements supporting a mono-dialectal view of American English. / by Joel Wilson. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Protosciences, or new sciences trying to establish their legitimacy, are ubiquitous in literature. In the old stories we hear of alchemists who can only dream of the discoveries that modern chemists take for granted, and in the new stories we hear of travelers moving faster than light as our greatest physicists attempt to make that fantasy a reality. Limiting our viewpoint to the modern scientific reductionist view of the universe not only makes little sense if we consider Michael Polanyi's theories of emergence and 'personal knowledge', but it robs medieval scholars for the conceptual credit they are due for theories they could not satisfactorily explain by the future's standards, and stifles the sorts of fantastic possibilities that are opened by the great science-fiction authors. Medieval authors' expositions of protoscientific thought laid the ground work for our own modern disciplines, and by reexamining how this happened we can develop a new appreciation for the power of the imagination. / by Robert James Leivers. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.