Comparative research on the treatment of animal materials in Chinese elementary language textbooks and American elementary reading textbooks provides an interesting perspective on both Chinese and American cultures. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods. From the study, we notice that animals in Chinese textbooks are presented as animals, i.e., creatures closer to nature without human fantasy and illusion attached to them. Animals are used to communicate to children for moral education, wisdom development and so on. By comparison, animals in American textbooks are presented as much closer to humans. Animals dress and act like humans and are found in human setting. Animals can be more human than humans. Idealistic images and dreams are frequently linked to animals rather than humans. Textbooks are cultural mirrors. The different orientations of animal materials indicateenculturation of children. The cultural reasons beneath these surface differences are examined. Predictions are different cultural values and different goals for the provided on the animal enculturation in future China. / Department of Anthropology

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Science Sociales de Paris, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-194).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Science Sociales de Paris, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-194).

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Poitiers, 2004. / "Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Lettres et des Langues, Centre d'Etudes Supérieures de Civilisation Médiévale." Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-257) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Poitiers, 2004. / "Université de Poitiers, Faculté des Lettres et des Langues, Centre d'Etudes Supérieures de Civilisation Médiévale." Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-257) and index.

No abstract available / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M. A. (Biblical Archaeology)

This bachelor’s thesis’s purpose was to determine how the complexity of economic systems invideo games affect the gameplay of said video games, Victoria II (Paradox Interactive AB,2010) and Civilization V (Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc, 2010). This was done by askingthe research question: “How does the complexity of economic systems in grand strategygames affect gameplay?“. The method was rooted in Game Research Methods (Lankoski &Björk, 2015) guidelines and the results were interpreted using Game Mechanics: AdvancedGame Design (Adams & Dormans, 2012). A formal analysis was performed for each game.The key findings of these analyses are extensive descriptions for the functioning of eachgame’s economic system as well as recommendations regarding important aspects of thesesystems and how to design them. / Denna kandidatuppsats mål var att undersöka komplexitet av ekonomiska system inomstrategiska datorspel genom att genomföra en analys för spelen Victoria II (ParadoxInteractive AB, 2010) och Civilization V (Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc, 2010) ochjämföra respektive spel. Detta med forskningsfrågan “Hur påverkar komplexiteten inomekonomiska system gameplay?”. Metoden utfördes utifrån Game Research Methods(Lankoski & Björk, 2015) riktlinjer och tolkades med hjälp av Game Mechanics: AdvancedGame Design (Adams & Dormans, 2012). Forskningen utfördes genom formell analys. Deviktigaste fynden var omfattande nedbrytningar av de ekonomiska systemen för varje spel ochrekommendationer för hur dessa system kan designas.

[pt] Esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar as formas através das quais a franquia de videogames Sid Meier s Civilization (1991-) lida com a História. Trabalhando com referenciais do campo dos game studies em perspectiva interdisciplinar, tentei construir uma compreensão da História encontrada nos jogos, concentrada, principalmente, em permanências identificáveis ao longo de seus 30 anos de existência. Meus três principais objetivos foram: propor a compreensão dos jogos da franquia como histórias – isto é, como obras que apresentam teses acerca da experiência humana em perspectiva diacrônica; questionar abordagens que limitam a interpretação desses jogos à sua natureza enquanto obras especificamente estadunidenses; e posicioná-los como herdeiros de uma tradição de pensamento histórico que remonta pelo menos ao Iluminismo. / [en] This research aims to analyze the ways through which the Sid Meier s Civilization videogame franchise deals with History. Drawing from the field of game studies in an interdisciplinary manner, I have tried to build an understanding of the History found in the games, focusing mainly in constants found throughout it s 30 years of existence. My three main objectives were: to propose the understanding of the franchise s titles as histories – that is, as works that present theses about the human experience in diachronic perspective; to question approaches that limit the interpretation of these games to their nature as specifically U.S. American works; and to position them as heirs to a tradition of historical thinking that goes back at least to the Enlightenment.

No description available.

No description available.