First part is an introduction into this thema, followed with second part, which clarifies (describes) the whole process from receiving the demand through part development till serial production approval. Third part describes the claim procedure, including all methods, used for solving the problems and followed with short analyse of production centres activities and sorting the claims by causer. All claims are given factors, which may cause claim occurence. Every factor is given by specific importance (weight) and the achieved data are evaluated. In final part I suggest the corrective actions.

Background and Significance: Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder. These patients experience various psychiatric and physical comorbid diseases and mortality at an increased rate compared to the general population. Additionally, patients with narcolepsy experience approximately a doubling of various annual healthcare related facility visits, transactions, and costs comparatively. Narcolepsy with cataplexy is generally believed to be more prevalent than narcolepsy without cataplexy. However, incidence and prevalence estimates of narcolepsy (with or without cataplexy) vary widely with few large epidemiological studies conducted worldwide and none in the U.S evaluating these proportions in both children and adults utilizing a large health care claims database. One of the main mechanisms underlying narcolepsy, the destruction of hypocretin neurons, is not clear. Two of the more noted hypotheses for this pathology are autoimmune and infection based triggers in allele carrier patients. These have been highlighted since narcolepsy diagnoses increased following the late 2000s influenza vaccinations, especially across Europe. Specific influenza and streptococcal infections have also been considered. Large U.S. healthcare claims database investigations of the association between specific infections and development of narcolepsy were not found in the published scientific literature. Our goals were to enhance the knowledge regarding the epidemiology and possible infection triggers of narcolepsy. The information gained may aid in the overall understanding of the condition, the possible vulnerable populations, and lead to hypotheses regarding which subpopulations research should be focused upon and those triggers that may be avoided or reduced in exposure. Methods: The Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Dissertation Database (THMCDD) was used to estimate prevalence and incidence of narcolepsy, with and without cataplexy, by age groups, gender, and region among patients under age 66 with continuous enrollment for years 2008-2010. THMCDD contains health claims information for over 18 million people. Prevalence was expressed as cases/100,000 persons. Average annual incidence (using varying criteria for latency between the diagnostic tests, polysomnograph coupled with MSLT, and the diagnosis) was expressed as new cases/100,000 persons/year. Subsequently, we conducted a case-control study to assess the differences in respiratory infections between patients with incident narcolepsy diagnosis and controls. Continuously enrolled patients under age 66 were included. Cases of narcolepsy occurring from July 1, 2009 through December 31, 2010 were included based on two diagnosis criteria (using varying criteria for latency between diagnosis and the diagnostic tests). Non-narcolepsy controls were frequency matched on look-back time by assigning an index date equal to a case diagnosis date. Occurrence of prior respiratory infections was compared between cases and controls based on narcolepsy criteria and four different time periods pre-index date. Infections were grouped into 9 types based on pathogen and clinical manifestation. Results: From 2008 through 2010, there were 8,444,517 continuously enrolled patients and 6,703 diagnosed with narcolepsy (prevalence overall:79.4/100,000; without cataplexy:65.4/100,000; with cataplexy: 14.0/100,000). Based on the 3 definitions of incidence, overall average annual incidence was 7.67, 7.13, and 4.87/100,000 persons/year. Incidence for narcolepsy without cataplexy was generally several times higher than narcolepsy with cataplexy. Prevalence and incidence were approximately 50% greater for females compared to males across most age groups. Prevalence was highest among the 21-30 age group, with incidence highest among enrollees in their early 20s and late teens. Regionally, the North Central U.S. had the highest prevalence and incidence, while the West was the lowest. For the case-control study, Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) increases were statistically significant for Group 5 (acute respiratory infections), Group 8 (other pneumonias, bronchopneumonia, etc.) and Group 9 (influenzas) across various time periods pre-index date and for both narcolepsy criteria. Overall, the most significant aORs were for acute respiratory infections during the 3 to 15 months pre-index date for both narcolepsy diagnosis criteria (aOR=1.73, 95% 1.52 to 1.98 and aOR=1.83, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.19). The aORs for acute respiratory infections were approximately 50% greater among females than males. Conclusion: We observed higher prevalence and incidence of narcolepsy compared to most previous studies. Females were associated with approximately 50% increased proportions compared to males. We also found that the greatest prevalence and incidence of narcolepsy occurred in patients in their early 20s, and those residing in the North Central region of the U.S. Perhaps most striking was the observation of much greater proportions of narcolepsy without cataplexy compared to narcolepsy with cataplexy. In the case-control assessment, we found increased occurrences of acute respiratory infections, pneumonias, and influenza prior to incident narcolepsy diagnosis, compared to controls. Generally, these rates appeared higher for females than males and occurred for both narcolepsy diagnosis criteria. Additionally, these associations were observed in the infection assessment periods 3 to 15 months and 6 to 18 months prior to incident narcolepsy diagnosis. Increased awareness and early notification among healthcare providers for signs and symptoms of narcolepsy is critical in helping this population of patients manage this burdensome condition. Also, the identification of potential narcolepsy triggers by certain infections may aid in the understanding of the disease. These findings may have implications in the understanding of mechanisms and causation of other acute onset neurological disorders. Our observations of consistently increased risk of incident narcolepsy related to recent previous viral respiratory infections and the inconsistent results for bacterial infections require additional study to confirm these findings.

Lodging of claims in insolvency proceedings Abstract The goal of this thesis is to analyze legislation and court decisions concerning the lodging of claims in insolvency proceedings, from the lodging itself to the admission of a claim or the termination of creditors participation in the proceedings. Throughout the thesis, the author describes specific institutes that pertain to lodging of claims and at the same time points out, how they cohere. The thesis is divided into six parts, which are further split into chapters and sections. The aim of the first chapter of the thesis is to acquaint a reader not versed in insolvency proceedings with its essence, inasmuch is necessary for their understanding of the more specific topic of the lodging of claims. The second part focuses on the concept of claims and their definition within insolvency law. A large segment of this part deals with differentiating claims based on various criteria, with emphasis on the legal ramifications of such differences. The thirds part deals with the act of lodgement of claims itself. The goal of this part is to define the lodgement of claims as a legal action within a proceedings - especially to describe its necessary form, contents and proper approach for its submission. The fourth part focuses on how the creditor might change or...

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第21266号 / 社医博第89号 / 新制||社医||10(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 辻川 明孝, 教授 中山 健夫, 教授 小杉 眞司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

1 Filing claims in insolvency proceedings Abstract The topic of this master's thesis is the issue of filing claims in the Czech insolvency proceedings, especially the lodging of claims but also other ways of filing claims. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the legal regulation of lodging claims in European insolvency law. Finally, the subject of the thesis is the evaluation of the position of creditors and debtors in insolvency proceedings with a detail on discharge of debt. The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively elaborate on the issue using the Czech legislation and the European Union legislation. To deepen the legal analysis of the filing of claims the author uses already established court practice and other case law conclusions of higher courts, as well as professional literature. In addition to the descriptive method of defining the issue, the author also applies her own evaluating conclusions and considerations and uses the experience gained from her insolvency practice. The author describes the system of lodging claims including the analysis of the deadline for lodging claims and disputes arising from this regulation and further deals in detail with the lodgement form, its submission and the creditor's responsibility for the correctness of the lodgement. The author characterizes specially...

Change orders occur frequently in most construction projects, where contract modifications that increase the contract value between 5 to 10% are expected. Changes occur not only because of errors and omissions, but also for other reasons such as scope of work changes, or changes because of unforeseen conditions encountered on the site; a problem which is very common in most heavy construction projects. Changes themselves might not cause productivity losses; in this case the damage calculation will be straightforward. However, changes may cause disruption in unchanged work where the working conditions are impacted, and as a result, lost productivity (inefficiency) is encountered. Delay and loss of productivity are the two main types of damages experienced by the contractor when the owner issues a change order. Courts have recognized Critical Path Method (CPM) schedule analysis as the preferred method of identifying and quantifying critical delays. As for the inefficiency damages, there is no way of directly measuring inefficiency due to its qualitative nature and the difficulty of linking the cause of the productivity loss to the damage. Most of the scholarly work published in this area was based on productivity data supplied by the contractors. The owner's viewpoint was seldom considered; and that explains why there are discrepancies between what the contractor asks for and what the owner believes the contractor is entitled. This research focuses on analyzing the change orders and the productivity loss from public owner data. The study addresses the need for a statistical model to quantify the change orders and the productivity loss from verifiable owner's data such as owner's daily reports, change orders, drawing, and specifications, rather than rely on contractor surveys. Two models are developed and validated; the first model is to quantify the percent increase in the contract price due to the change orders. This model will provide the owner with an estimate of the cost of the changed work, where it can be used for forward pricing or retrospective pricing of the change orders. The second is to quantify the productivity loss of the piping work due to the change orders. The productivity loss study analyzed two set of data; the first included all the predictor variables which both parties, the owner and the contractor, contributed to the productivity loss, and the second one included the predictor variables, from the legal view point, only the owner is responsible for. The study showed the difference between what the contractor asked for and what he is actually entitled. This model can be used by both the owner and the contractor to quantify the productivity loss due to change orders.

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23758号 / 医博第4804号 / 新制||医||1056(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 今中 雄一, 教授 川上 浩司, 教授 小濱 和貴 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Design reuse is an approach in which the creation of new designs is based on the identification of previously employed solutions and the incorporation of those into new contexts. This notion has been extensively studied especially by software engineers. This research seeks to support the reuse of design knowledge in the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community in creating new designs as it is generally argued that reuse has the potential to reduce development time and costs. Efforts to reuse design elements in HCI, often in the form of design patterns, are slowly emerging. This work seeks to facilitate the reuse of design knowledge in the form of claims. To achieve this goal, the notion of claim relationships—descriptions of connections between claims that emerge in design—is introduced as a mechanism to facilitate reuse. Claims relationships can be used to connect a collection of reusable claims so that they can be searched, understood, tailored, and integrated into new designs. A method for how to use the relationships is presented to aid in the creation of scenarios. Through a series of studies starting from the use of relationships to locate and reuse claims to the use of cards sets incorporating images and rationale for storyboards, the potential for relationships is demonstrated. These works inform the design and evaluation of a storyboarding tool called PIC-UP. PIC-UP is introduced as an example of how relationships can be utilized in the creation of storyboards made of reusable artifacts in the form of claims. Studies of PIC-UP position the tool as one that enables the reuse through the use of a storyboarding guide and social navigation by collecting and sharing claims. It shows potential in aiding novice and non-designers and can serve as a communication tool. / Ph. D.

The doctrine of sovereign immunity in the Commonwealth of Virginia has evolved over time and the redefinition of the doctrine has been subjected to the interpretation by courts involving cases with varied facts and circumstances that have challenged the boundaries and flexibility of this legal concept. Determining the protection that a state agent was entitled to was the guiding principle in case law regarding sovereign immunity; however, understanding the purpose and intent of the doctrine of sovereign immunity was critical to determining the boundaries and criteria of the doctrine of immunity. In this dissertation, the researcher analyzed tort law as it applied to educators and public-school districts through the Virginia court system under common law and the Virginia Tort Claims Act (VTCA, 1981). The case analysis provided an overview of lawsuits heard and decisions rendered in negligence cases brought against educators and educational entities prior to and after the enactment of the Virginia Tort Claims Act in 1981.