The aim of this study is to investigate how some teachers use classic literature in the ESL classroom. It is a qualitative study based on interviews with six teachers, all of them at upper secondary school.The classic literature of the English-speaking world has done much in shaping Western society as we know it, and thus it is important for the students of English as a second language to have at least some knowledge of the literature of the past. The syllabuses for English B and C also require it.My findings were that the teachers interviewed all saw classic texts as very important but challenging. Therefore, the texts introduced must suit the needs and interests of the students. There is also a language barrier to consider. However, classic texts can also be introduced through the use of films.Key words: English as a foreign language, classic literature, teacher views and attitudes, teacher experience

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Submitted by JAQUELINE VANSAN null (jaque.vansan@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-24T15:58:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 POÉTICA E RETÓRICA NAS HEROIDES DE OVÍDIO.pdf: 3119617 bytes, checksum: 5a64e6f59683127029a22458c65aeda2 (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: Inserir a data de defesa na folha de aprovação. Corrija estas informações e realize uma nova submissão contendo o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-06-27T17:05:30Z (GMT) / Submitted by JAQUELINE VANSAN null (jaque.vansan@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-27T18:07:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 POÉTICA E RETÓRICA NAS HEROIDES DE OVÍDIO.pdf: 3119297 bytes, checksum: 4260bcf166d6673471999d4f369ec024 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-27T20:15:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vansan_j_me_arafcl.pdf: 3119297 bytes, checksum: 4260bcf166d6673471999d4f369ec024 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T20:15:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vansan_j_me_arafcl.pdf: 3119297 bytes, checksum: 4260bcf166d6673471999d4f369ec024 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Públio Ovídio Nasão (43 a. C. - 17 d. C) foi um dos autores mais versáteis e prolíficos do período augustano da Literatura Latina, deixando-nos como legado uma obra que abarca desde elegias que cantam aventuras e decepções amorosas ou lamentam o exílio, a poemas didáticos ou de caráter etiológico. Em meio aos primeiros escritos do autor encontram-se as Heroides, coleção de 21 elegias epistolares, tradicionalmente dividida em duas séries: a primeira formada por correspondências nas quais heroínas lendárias remetem súplicas ou lamentos aos amados distantes; a segunda, por trocas de cartas entre célebres casais do mito. Escrito provavelmente entre 20 e 16 a.C., o conjunto de poemas destaca-se pela forma com que foi composta, na qual se juntam ao gênero epistolar, elementos e metro próprios da elegia amorosa romana e uma escrita que revela traços da retórica cultuada na época. E, se por um lado, não se pode afirmar categoricamente que Ovídio seja o pioneiro a valer-se de tal mescla de gêneros, uma vez que Propércio já havia utilizado o modo epistolar anteriormente no terceiro poema a integrar o livro IV de sua obra elegíaca, por outro lado, sabe-se que é pela arte ovidiana que o formato é largamente desenvolvido e ganha status de coleção, inovando, ainda, ao buscar na tradição literária a voz presente em cada uma das correspondências. Ao se levar em consideração a singularidade proporcionada por esse entrecruzamento de gêneros e estilo de escrita, tem-se um produtivo foco de estudo, uma vez que a forma possibilita a identificação de conceitos ligados tanto às poéticas e como aos estudos retóricos desenvolvidos na Antiguidade, e os respectivos efeitos que causam na tessitura poética das epístolas. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo, além de reunir informações sobre as Heroides e dos componentes de sua arquitetura literária, analisar os recursos retórico-poéticos que participam da construção da primeira epístola que integra a obra, “De Penélope a Ulisses”, a fim de entender, por meio do próprio poema, a peculiaridade da construção da coleção de cartas e destacar a expressividade poética do texto. / Publius Ovidius Naso, more commonly known as Ovid (43 BCE–17 CE), was one of the most versatile and prolific writers of the Augustan period of Latin literature. His legacy ranges from elegies that talk about love adventures and disisllusions or lament exile to didatic or etiological poems. Among the first works of this writer are the Heroides, a collection of twenty-one poems in epistle form, traditionally divided into two series. The first consists of letters in which legendary heroines send their entreaties and laments to their distant loved ones, and the second of letters exchanged between famous mythical couples. Possibly written between 20 and 16 BCE, this collection of poems stands out for its composition, which combines the epistle form, elements and metrics characteristic of Roman love elegies, and a writing style that shows traces of the rhetoric celebrated at the time. And, if on one hand, it cannot be categorically said that Ovid is a pioneer in using this mix of genres, since Propertius had already used the epistle form in the third poem in Book IV of his elegiac work, on the other hand, it is widely known that it was through the art of Ovidius that the genre developed and gained a collection status. Ovid also brought new innovation to the epistolary genre by seeking in the literary tradition the voice present in each letter. A productive study can be made of the uniqueness of this crossing of writing genres and styles, since the form allows for the identification of concepts associated both with the poetics and with the rhetorical studies developed in antiquity, and the respective effects that they have on the poetic process of the epistles. Therefore, in addition to gathering information on the Heroides and the components of their literary architecture, this study aims to analyze the rhetorical-poetic resources that aided in writing the first epistle, “Penelope to Ulysses,” in order to understand, through the poem itself, the peculiarity of the construction of this collection of letters, and to highlight the poetic expressiveness of the text.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This explorative research was done on 86 DiSC® patterns, 46 of which were completed by male Information Technology project managers and the remaining 40 by female Information Technology project managers, in order to understand which were the most prolific DiSC® patterns amongst the sample. The research showed that the creative profile was the most observed, closely followed by the perfectionist pattern. This was due to the preference of the Information Technology project managers to operate within either the dominance domain for the creative pattern or the conscientiousness domain for the perfectionist pattern, which was valid for both genders. Based on the attributes, a pattern closely resembling the objective thinker pattern also became apparent. The objective thinker pattern attests to the high score gained in the conscientiousness domain as well. Interestingly, there was very little difference between male and female project managers’ preferences in terms of patterns, domain and attributes. The research showed that the creative pattern drives quick decisions, the perfectionist pattern focuses on quality, and the objective thinker pattern is founded in logic. The research does not guarantee a ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution; however, it did reveal that based on the sample data, conscientiousness must be considered when recruiting, assigning or even up-skilling individuals to become Information Technology project managers. Where a candidate shows a strong preference towards the steadiness or even the influence domains, caution should be taken and time invested to ensure that the individual would be suited for the role. To manage project time constraints, the creative profile was recommended. To manage cost, the perfectionist and objective thinker patterns was recommended, as the focus on quality and facts could aid the project definition and execution. Where quality was a concern, the perfectionist and objective thinker patterns were put forward as recommendations. Any of the creative, perfectionist or objective thinker patterns profiles were recommended for overall project execution. The research also found that based on the needs of the project a combination of the creative and perfectionist or objective thinker may lead to better results.

The purpose of this study is to examine individuals’ perceptions of classicness in film experiences. To this end, the paper begins by providing general anecdotal and professional definitions of classicness, and by pointing out the limited explication found in previous academic literature in entertainment. I discuss distinctions between enjoyment and appreciation from previous literature in media psychology. Following this, a study is presented by applying a measure of enjoyment and appreciation adapted from Oliver and Bartsch’s scale (2010) to an online questionnaire in order to understand individuals’ film experiences with both popular (high grossing) and classic (high rating) films. Results indicate that perceptions of classicness are highly associated with appreciation, but unrelated to enjoyment. Additionally, results also provide a negative relation between appreciation and the release-year as well as budget. Discussion focuses on the study’s empirical definition of classicness, as well as the study’s extension of previous research examining the relationship between film popularity, budget, and audience perceptions (Grizzard, Lewis, Lee, & Eden, 2011). / text

Classic Galactosemia (CG) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deleterious mutations of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (E.C. 2.7.7.12) (GALT) gene, which results in the inability to metabolize galactose and the accumulation of galactose-1-phosphate (gal-1-p) in patients' cells. Newborn screening has resulted in presymptomatic diagnosis and treatment. Although a galactose-restricted diet prevents the neonatal lethality of this disorder, many well-treated patients continue to develop debilitating complications such as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), dyspraxic speech, ataxia and other neurological defects. The causes of these unsatisfactory outcomes remain unclear, but accumulation of gal-1-p is regarded as the major factor responsible for these chronic complications. In previous studies we found that gal-1-p was a competitive inhibitor of the UTP dependent, glucose-1-phosphate pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.9) and inositol monophosphatase (EC 3.1.3.25). As a result there were deficiencies in cellular UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose as well as impaired G-protein-stimulated inositol responses of Ca++ release, respectively. In this study, we found that when we challenged GALT-deficient yeast and GALT-deficient human diploid fibroblasts with galactose, these cells exhibited environmental stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which was characterized by the up-regulation of the gene encoding the master regulator of ER stress, GRP78/BiP. In separate studies using GALT-deficient diploid fibroblasts and comparative expression arrays, we found that the expression level of a tumor suppressor gene called aplysia ras homolog I (ARHI) was significantly higher in patient cells under galactose challenge. This ARHI gene was lost in rodents during evolution and GALT knockout mice did not express the human phenotype for galactosemia whereas over-expression of this gene in transgenic mice resulted in phenotypes characteristic of those seen in patients with galactosemia. We therefore propose here that ARHI could be an important target of galactose toxicity in Classic Galactosemia, and also explain the absence of patient phenotypes in GALT knock-out mice. In order to prevent accumulation of gal-1-p caused by GALT-deficiency, we experimentally screened over 300,000 chemical compounds against human galactokinase (GALK) in vitro. To date, we obtained from two high-throughput screenings (HTS), 200 GALK inhibitors with IC50s ranging from 700nM to 35μM. We subsequently established selectivity and toxicity profiles of 34 selected GALK inhibitors. Based on these results, we selected four compounds for further characterization, which included kinetic studies, site-directed mutagenesis and molecular docking experiments. From these experiments, we learned how these compounds interacted with the GALK enzyme and built detailed binding models for each of them. We demonstrated that three of the in vitro inhibitors of GALK could lower intracellular gal-1-p accumulation in GALT-deficient cells. Of considerable interest to us was that one of the compounds, cluster 25-1, not only reduced gal-1-p accumulation, but also corrected the level of GRP78/BiP back to background in the galactose-challenged GALT-deficient cells. These results were the first to demonstrate a direct link between GALT-deficiency and ER stress and provided proof of concept that we could prevent both gal-1-p accumulation and ER stress with GALK inhibitors in GALT deficient human cells. Lastly, we developed a new, virtual method of identifying novel GALK inhibitors by combining software-based, high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) and fragment-based linkage using docking software. The initial HTVS validation experiments with compounds from the "ZINC" database identified four active GALK inhibitors with IC50s ranging from 70μM to 400μM. We then used HTVS to identify chemical fragments which bind to the active site of the human GALK enzyme. Using fragment-linking software, we identified chemical fragments which could potentially result in high-affinity inhibitors when chemically joined.

This paper attempts to clarify the role mass nouns play in our language, including what they designate and how they designate it. In particular, this paper focuses on demonstrating that mass nouns do not individuate the stuff they designate and consequences for this non-individuative theory. In order to demonstrate that mass nouns do not individuate, I examine grammatical rules for mass nouns and contrast them with rules for singular and plural count nouns. Furthermore, I examine several possible truth conditions for sentences involving mass nouns and demonstrate that no truth conditions which individuate are acceptable. Once this lack of individuation has been demonstrated, I examine issues that arise in language and metaphysics. This examination is necessary because most of our understanding of language and metaphysics centers around medium sized objects. Since mass nouns do not individuate, they are not designating medium sized objects. When examining developments in language, I suggest that the term “the” does not imply uniqueness but rather exhaustiveness and there is already an intuitive way to capture this in first order logic using universals. Furthermore, I suggest that stuff designated by mass nouns cannot be directly referred to and hence cannot occur in a singular term in first-order logic. Finally, I suggest that identity statements should be treated without the identity relation and instead using a biconditional and a universal. When examining developments in metaphysics, I suggest that there cannot be a criterion of identity for stuff because a criterion of identity asks what a single instance is and stuff does not occur in individual instances. Furthermore, I suggest that identity and persistence conditions differentiate for stuff in a way that they do not for individual things. Finally, I address what more must be done in order to have a complete treatment of mass nouns and stuff. This section focuses primarily on first-order logic and how to make stuff a value of a variable while maintaining ontological import. Work in this area still needs to be done and is, I believe, of significant importance. / Thesis (Master, Philosophy) -- Queen's University, 2007-09-27 08:36:48.049

This thesis is primarily an historical examination of how neo-classic economics influenced WA education policy formation from the mid 1980s until the release of the Curriculum Framework (1998). It first aims to examine and explain the context and origins of neo-classic economic influences globally, and then explores the process and impact of its introduction to WA policy-making in general, and to education policy in particular. Within the thesis some fundamental propositions put forward by other theorists are built upon. The most significant is the view that between 1983 and 1998, there has been a distinct and well documented shift in the primary ideological forces driving education policy throughout the western world. This is attributable to a strengthened link between education and national economic goals which has resulted in an economic imperative and the use of an economic discourse to describe educational aims. From these understandings this thesis explores whether neo-classic economics has played a significant influence in shaping education policy in WA, as it has done in many parts of the world. The methodological approach principally involves the textual analysis of major policy documents preceding and including the Curriculum Framework (1998). The focus is on primary and secondary sources, essentially to discover, analyze, and demonstrate how neo-classic economics had influenced education policy in WA by 1998. Taking a pragmatic approach, this professional doctorate makes a specific contribution to research through synthesizing the impact of neo-classic economics on WA schools policy via a range of principally secondary sources. In particular, it explores how neo-classic economics influenced WA education policy by seeking to answer four fundamental research questions: 1. Was the influence of neo-classic economics evident internationally, and if so did it impact on education policy? 2. How did neo-classic economics influence Australian Commonwealth Government schools policy? 3. Were there clear neo-classic economic influences evident within other Australian states, and, if so, did they influence schools policy? 4. In whose interests were neo-classic economic education policies? Neo-classic economic approaches were espoused widely as a solution to the apparent failure of in economics from the early 1970s onwards. Beare (1995) argued that in many countries policy perspectives for education and other welfare services changed in a number of 'profound' ways, the most significant was the use of an economic rationale to justify almost every significant policy initiative. Within the Anglo-democracies, specifically the US and UK, the pursuit of neo-classic economic policies involved the adoption of initiatives allowing the 'market' to dictate what should or should not occur within the economy. As a part of the neo-classic economic drive, governments endeavoured to improve efficiency within the public services. Consequently, education policy became driven by an economic imperative often to the detriment of educational aims. This study demonstrates that neo-classic economic policy came to dominate government decision making in Australia following the election of the Hawke Labor Government in 1983 (Dudley and Vidovich 1995).This was similar to neo-classic economic patterns in the US and UK. By 1985 neo-classic economic trends at the Commonwealth level were clearly evident and become overt and robust with the passage of time. Under Minister Dawkins Commonwealth education policy was fumy linked to national economic goals. An examination of the Victorian context demonstrates neo-classic economic trends within the other Australian states' education policies. Under the Kennett Liberal Government the shift to neo-classic economic education policy resulted in reductions in educational spending, staffing cuts and school closures. The prime motivation for the reforms was the reduction of costs and the aligning of education through a focus on vocational subjects and employment related skills. Concomitant with the rise of neo-classic economics was a commensurate growth in the attention of Australian business and industry to education policy. Business and industry groups increasingly promoted the notion of human capital theory by linking education and economic growth. This can be partly attributed to employers' growing interest in having schools produce individuals suitably prepared for positions in the workplace, a phenomenon which has been reflected in WA secondary schools through a shift to a vocationalised curriculum (Browning 1977). In effect business was able to defray expending capital on training workers through hiring school leavers tailored for workplace positions. From at least the early 1980s there was accelerating evidence of a more active and open involvement of business in the major education inquiries which also contributed to policy formation dominated by neo-classic economics. The exploration of the global and national context of neo-classic economics confirms that neo-classis economic influences within WA Qd not occur in isolation. From at least 1987 it is evident that neo-classic economics influenced WA education policy. The consequence was a curriculum shaped predominantly by economic interests as opposed to educational concerns.

This thesis addressed the Late Post-classic (A.D. 1200 - 1500) Nahua-Pipil of the central Pacific coast of Guatemala. It evaluated archaeological settlement plan data and ceramics in association with regional geography, and ethnohistorical accounts in conjunction with GIS tools for their analysis. The goal is to reconstruct Nahua-Pipil sociopolitical organization, testing the hypothesis that it was based on the Nahua altepetl system.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:04:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_lmb_dr_mar.pdf: 1430506 bytes, checksum: 07186fd1b60dd422bcbc3547febf487d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Análise Documental, como processo intrínseco à Organização da Informação no domínio da Ciência da Informação, estabelece parâmetros teórico-metodológicos, de natureza descritiva, que explicitam os procedimentos do fazer analítico que levam à identificação de conceitos do documento. Partindo do pressuposto que este procedimento encontra respaldo de natureza técnica na intersecção de procedimentos com a Diplomática, buscou-se resgatar a gênese da concepção Diplomática clássica e expor a base disciplinar dos fundamentos teóricos que estabelecem seus procedimentos de análise da forma e do conteúdo do documento, bem como expor a intersecção de procedimentos e em que momento esta pode ocorrer, de modo a contribuir efetivamente com o fazer analítico da área de Biblioteconomia. A abordagem utiliza a análise teórica exploratória e descritivocomparativa para exposição dos pressupostos que fundamentam a intersecção de procedimentos e como esta se realiza. Para a explicitação da técnica auxiliar proposta, faz-se uso do documento livro, utilizando-se de procedimento comparativoanalítico. Observou-se que o procedimento diplomático apresenta elementos que possibilitam sistematizar o agir do analista por meio da descrição da intersecção de procedimentos, o que permitiu evidenciar o momento da objetivação no fazer análise diante da sistematização estrutural das características do documento. O resultado auxilia na identificação de conceitos a partir dos elementos de articulação da formaconteúdo que revelem os distintos enunciados do livro. Logo, da concepção diplomática de análise do documento torna-se possível inserir no contexto da AD a visão de análise do documento ao texto por meio de elementos estruturais que explicitam e contextualizam os aspectos externos e internos do documento, ao cotejar a dimensão de seu conteúdo por meio da dimensão da sua forma. / The Documental Analysis, as an intrinsic process to the Information Organization in the Information Science domain, establishes theoretical-methodological parameters, of a descriptive nature, that make explicit the procedures of the analytical doing that lead to the identification of the document contents. Based on the assumption that this procedure has a technical support in the intersection of procedures with Diplomatics, the aim was to recover the genesis of the Diplomatic conception and to expose the disciplinary base of theoretical fundaments that establish its procedures for the analyses of the document form and content, as well as expose the intersection of procedures and also in which moment this can occur to contribute effectively to the analytical doing in the Librarianship area. The approach uses the exploratorytheoretical and descriptive-comparative analysis to expose the assumptions that are the basis of the intersection of procedures and how this is carried out. In order to make explicit the proposed auxiliary technique, the document book is used, by means of a comparative-analytical procedure. It was observed that the diplomatic procedure presents elements that make it possible to systematize the acting of the analyst through the description of the procedure intersection, what allowed highlighting the aiming in doing analysis before the structural systematization of the document characteristics. The result helps in the identification of concepts starting from the articulation elements of form-content that reveal the distinct statements of the book. Therefore, from the diplomatic conception of document analysis it is possible to insert in DA context the view of the analysis of document to text by using structural elements that make explicit and that contextualize the external and internal aspects of the document, by comparing the dimension of its content by means of the dimension of its form.