This creative thesis is a collection of original poems entitled Other. The poems in Other reflect my study of the aesthetics of poetry as well as that of how women are represented as poets and as the subject of poems. Some of these poems are the product of my particular interest in the use of persona. Most reflect my desire to achieve self-reflection, to write from my experiences and perception, while still maintaining the universality that is an essential element of successful poems. The critical introduction situates my poems within the framework of the poetic mode Personal Classicism—poetry that is emotionally based but relies on formal techniques and controlled elements in order to maintain distance. My primary goal in the critical introduction is to link my poems to the Personal Classicist lineage, which includes H.D., Elizabeth Bishop, and Louise Gluck – to whom I will pay particular attention.

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The thesis is aimed at the subject of classicism in a broader sense of this term and is based on the classicism period architecture in the Czech Republic. The introductory chapter intends to briefly and independently define and clarify the terms classical, classicism and neoclassicism, deal with the shaping of the classical canon in Europe and outline the evolution of classical features in the history of the Czech architecture in the European context. In separate chapters the thesis systematically follows the matters of classicism in the first half of the 19th century, in the periods of pure and late historicism and early and paramount modernism. Special attention has been paid to the matters of classicism in the Czech thoughts on art in the interwar period and during the German occupation. Having analysed the classicism-style tendencies in the socialist realism architecture the thesis identifies basic classicism-style aspirations in the 2nd half of the 20th century and in the beginning of the 21st century. The final chapter is dedicated to the identification of the main overall specifics of classicism in the Czech architecture based on a list of examples.

Este estudo analisa o Trio op. 97, escrito por Ludwig van Beethoven, mediante uma abordagem ligada às práticas interpretativas com um enfoque histórico, estético e musicológico. A pesquisa objetivou reconhecer, nessa composição, os procedimentos técnicos, sonoros e interpretativos para alcançar unidade sonora e um pensamento musical comum a uma formação camerística composta por piano, violino e violoncelo. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a pesquisa se valeu de um estudo prático-interpretativo ao piano, da revisão bibliográfica de estudos analíticos da concepção e dos aspectos interpretativos da obra, da escuta analítico-apreciativa de gravações da obra e de uma leitura de sua escrita. O trabalho de interpretação se apoiou, sobremaneira, na leitura analítica das fontes de pesquisa: manuscrito autógrafo, edições posteriores da partitura, cartas de Beethoven a seus editores e textos de comentadores de contemporâneos do compositor. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram, dentre outros pontos, que Beethoven buscou desenvolver uma parceria em que as características de cada instrumento são reconhecidas e valorizadas, mas sempre colocadas à disposição do conjunto. Também mostram que Trio op. 97 reserva ao violino papel menos proeminente que o do violoncelo; e que, com uma escrita pianística que privilegia acordes e as mais variadas figuras, o equilíbrio camerístico requer atenção especial nos quatro movimentos da obra. Enfim, os resultados apontam que as idiossincrasias são fundamentais para interpretar a notação e as intenções musicais de Beethoven. A sistematização das análises e reflexões aqui descritas permitiu clarear, aprofundar e sedimentar conhecimentos sobre a obra; mas de modo algum apontam uma direção única ou uma \"verdade absoluta\". / This study analyzes Trio op. 97, written by Ludwig van Beethoven. It does so by approaching it in connection with performance practice and with a focus on historical, aesthetic, and musicological aspects. The research aimed to recognize technical, sound, and interpretative procedures in this composition in order to achieve a sound unit and a musical thought peculiar to the chamber music formation made of piano, violin and cello. From a methodological point of view, the research relied upon a practical and interpretive study on the piano, a reading of analytical studies on the conception and interpretive aspects of Trio op. 97, an analytic and appreciative listening to recordings of this composition and a reading of its musical score. The interpretive work recurred greatly to the analytical reading of research sources such as autograph manuscript, later editions of its musical score, Beethoven\'s letters to his publishers, and of texts on Beethoven\'s life and music by contemporary commentators of him. Research results show, among other aspects, that Beethoven sought to develop a kind of work in which each instrument\'s characteristics are recognized and valued but it always serves the group. Besides, they show point that Trio op. 97 attributes to the violin a role less prominent than cello\'s; and that with a piano writing focused on chords and varied figures, chamber music\'s balance demands special attention as to the four movements of the Trio. Finally, results indicate that the idiosyncrasies are fundamental to interpret Beethoven\'s notation and musical intentions. That said, systematizing analyzes and making some thoughts on this thesis made possible to clarify, deepen and consolidate certain knowledge on Trio op. 97. But it doesn\'t meant prescribing a direction or an \"absolute truth\" regarding a forma of understanding and valuing it.

Le sujet inédit de la thèse repose sur un fonds d’archives. Il questionne la réception du sculpteur néoclassique italien Antonio Canova (1757-1822) dans les cercles et salons mondains à travers la correspondance de personnalités françaises aux profils multiples, du Consulat, de l’Empire et de la Restauration. Au gré des lettres, se dessine l'image d’un artiste aux prises avec des intérêts économiques, artistiques et sentimentaux. La séduction opère auprès des Napoléonides lui assurant protection et commandes ; elle gagne aussi les représentants du pouvoir à Rome et les salonnières pris au jeu de la délicatesse et du charme des compositions de l’Italien. La recommandation apparaît comme un mode de communication privilégié entre artistes et reflète la vitalité de ce type de lettre ainsi que la diversité des réseaux. La correspondance met en évidence le changement de statut de l’artiste qui adapte sa célébrité aux exigences de ses commanditaires en devenant un véritable homme d’affaires. Partagé entre désir d’émancipation et fidélité aux choix esthétiques de son mentor Quatremère de Quincy, Canova livre une production polymorphe qui le fait apprécier de la critique et du public qui cherche à voir en lui l’héritier moderne des sculpteurs grecs : mais ses rares présences et expositions à Paris limitent son impact. L’influence du premier romantisme dans la peinture néoclassique imprègne la production canovienne lui conférant son originalité. L’étude des missives fait surgir des questionnements historiques, matériels et esthétiques dont les épistoliers de Canova sont les témoins. / The novel subject of this thesis is based upon archive material. It is centered on how the work of Italian neo-classical sculptor Antonio Canova was received in the most glamorous clubs and salons, through the study of letters exchanged by French celebrities from different walks of life during upon the periods of the Consulate, the Empire and the Restauration. Letter after letter, the image of an artist confronted with économie, artistic and sentimental challenges emerges. He succeeds in winning over the Napoleonides who grant him their patronage and their protection. He also gains the support of government représentatives in Rome and of fashionable women who are enraptured by the charm and the refinement of the Italian sculptor’s compositions. Référencés appear as a privileged form of exchange between artists, and reflect the vitality of this type of letter, and the variety of networks.Correspondence demonstrates the changing status of the artist who adjusts his réputation to the demands of his patron, thus becoming a true businessman. Torn between his longing forfreedom and his commitment to the artistic leanings of his mentor Quatremère de Quincy, Canova's production has many facets, which endear him to critics and to the public who wishes to see him as the modem heir of Greek sculptors. Yet as he rarely visits Paris and his work is rarely exhibited there, his impact is limited. The influence of early romanticism on ne classical painting permeates Canova’s works, and is a tribute to his originality. Studying these letters brings to light historical, material and esthetic questions that their authors bear witness to.

Este trabalho trata da ficção histórica de Goethe em duas fases de sua obra. Em primeiro lugar se ocupa do drama pioneiro do Sturm und Drang, Götz von Berlichingen (1773), para então se voltar às Revolutionsdichtungen conjunto de obras produzidas entre 1791 e 1803, período auge do Classicismo de Weimar, em que o autor emitiu juízos sobre diferentes fases da Revolução Francesa. Ao optar por tal tema, visou-se resgatar Goethe como um importante participante do debate histórico-filosófico que começa com os iluministas e culmina no pensamento político da Restauração. Por esse motivo a pesquisa se iniciou com uma busca dos antecedentes do drama histórico do Sturm und Drang, voltando a Gottsched e Lessing. Geralmente o desenvolvimento da ficção histórica do século XVIII é tomado como passivo em relação aos avanços da filosofia ilustrada, como se uma consciência histórica propriamente moderna houvesse aflorado em certos escritores a partir das leituras que fizeram de novas teorias da época. Contra tal suposição, defendeu-se que há na beletrística alemã da virada do século algumas formulações acerca da relação entre indivíduo e processo histórico que, antes de tudo, desafiaram o progressismo dos iluministas tardios, para os quais o advento da Revolução Francesa marcava o próximo passo no aperfeiçoamento da humanidade. Acompanhar o modo como a história foi tratada nas obras do Sturm und Drang até as do Classicismo de Weimar permite-nos, ademais, constatar a radical atualização da missão da cultura literária, que deveria então lidar com as emergências do presente. A literatura almejada naquele contexto deveria funcionar como uma contracorrente do senso comum e um veículo intelectual autônomo, capaz de erguer-se além das paixões partidárias e posicionar corretivos para as contradições contemporâneas. Tais corretivos traziam o diferencial de serem desvinculados das ciências, religião, cultura política ou sabedoria popular a nova arte deveria, assim, ser tomada como autônoma na medida em que podia cindir radicalmente com a cultura do presente em crise, tornando possível o surgimento de um ideal renovado de humanidade e de vida conjunta que a própria Revolução Francesa não foi capaz de concretizar. Aqui reside o que há de mais polêmico e moderno nas chamadas Revolutionsdichtungen e no Classicismo de Weimar como um todo. / The following research deals with Goethe\'s historical fiction in two distinct phases of his career. First off, it handles with the pioneering Sturm und Drang drama, Götz von Berlichingen (1773), and then with the so-called Revolutionsdichtungen a group of works produced between 1791 and 1803, the heyday of the Weimar Classicism, in which the author made judgments about different aspects of the French Revolution. In choosing such a theme, I expect to highlight the importance of Goethe in the historical-philosophical debate which ranges from the works of Enlightenment intellectuals to the political thinking of the Restauration. Thus, the research sets out with a quest for the predecessors of the historical drama of the Sturm Drang, coming across to figures like Gottsched and Lessing. The development of the historical fiction from the 18th century is commonly taken for granted as somewhat passive towards the advances of the Enlightenment philosophy, as if a properly modern historical consciousness had flourished in certain writers after the readings they made from contemporary theories. Against such a presupposition, I claim that in the German belletristic from the turning of the century one can find interesting formulations about the relation between individual and historical process which, above all, cast doubt on the progressism of late Enlightenment philosophers, to whom the advent of the French Revolution marked the next step toward an evolving mankind. Moreover, following the tracks of how history was portrayed from the Sturm und Drang to the Weimar Classicism allows us to verify a radical reformulation of the mission of literary culture, which thenceforth should respond to the emergencies of the present. The literature of that context should work against the common sense, being thus an autonomous cultural medium able to reach beyond the partisan leanings and offer correctives to contemporary contradictions. Such correctives would have the advantage of being independent of the sciences, religion, political culture or popular wisdom a new art therefore should be called autonomous inasmuch as it could split with the culture of a problematic present, allowing for the emergence of a renewed ideal of humanity and communitary life that the French Revolution itself was incapable of materializing. Therein lies what is most polemical and modern in the so-called Revolutionsdichtungen and in the Weimar Classicism as a whole.

Cette thèse sur la poésie écrite a pour sujet, la connaissance du genre dans la période comprise entre 1970 et 2000. Elle propose sur une base d’auteurs et de textes une ébauche de critique des styles et des formes comme celle du contenu. Quatorze pays qui composent le corpus. Il s’agit du Benin, Burkina Faso, du Cameroun, de la Centrafrique, du Congo, de la RD Congo, de la Cote d’lvoire, du Gabon, de la Guinée, du Mali, du Niger, du Sénégal, du Tchad et du Togo. Ce travail est traité sur trois parties : les itinéraires littéraires, les thèmes importants et les styles.Du point de vue thématique, les poèmes ont permis de déceler plusieurs itinéraires dont le plus pertinent montre les étapes de la déliquescence sociale. Depuis les années 70 se sont succédé les thèmes du désenchantement, du désarroi et du mal-être correspondant aux périodes des années 70/80 ; 80/90 et de 90 à 2000. Toutes ses idées étaient étiquetées dès les premières œuvres de Tchicaya U Tamsi, le précurseur de cette génération de poètes. Parallèlement, se développe une autre orientation qui, elle, donne sur l’espoir. Ce sont les thèmes de la race, de l’amour et de la révolution. Quant à l’écriture poétique, il se passe une éclosion de formes dont certaines revêtent des caractères de plus en plus osés. Très souvent, l’imagination va puiser, dans les tréfonds des cultures, des matériaux de création. Des poèmes intégralement allégoriques (oscillant entre rêve et réalité) aux poèmes, fusion parfaite entre plusieurs genres poétiques (là où on est amené à parler d’influence de la poésie orale sur la poésie écrite) à côté des poèmes plus classiques bâtis sur la recherche de formes fixes. / This thesis on written poetry has for object the knowledge of the kind between 1970 and 2000. It provides on a base of authors and texts, critical insight of the styles and the shapes like the content’s. Fourteen countries are included in the corpus. There are Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central Afiican Republic, Congo, DR Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea, Mali, the Niger, Senegal, Chad and Togo. This work is treated in three parts : the literary routes, important themes and the styles. On the thematic point of view, the poems have helped identify several routes of which the most relevant shows stages of the social deliquescence. Since the 70, themes of disillusionment, dismay and discomfort succeeded one another, corresponding to periods of the years 70/80, 80/90 and the 90s to 2000. All this ideas were labeled in the early works of Tchicaya U Tamsi, the precursor of this generation of poets. Meanwhile, a different trend, which carries hope, develops itself. These are the themes of race, love and revolution. As for poetry writing, an outbreak of forms happens, some carries more and more daring characters. Very often, the imagination will draw from the depths of cultures from creation materials. From fully allegorical poems (oscillating between dream and reality) to poems, perfect fusion between several poetic genres (where one is led to speak of the influence of oral poetry on written poetry) alongside more traditional poems built on the quest of fixe shape.

Este estudo analisa o Trio op. 97, escrito por Ludwig van Beethoven, mediante uma abordagem ligada às práticas interpretativas com um enfoque histórico, estético e musicológico. A pesquisa objetivou reconhecer, nessa composição, os procedimentos técnicos, sonoros e interpretativos para alcançar unidade sonora e um pensamento musical comum a uma formação camerística composta por piano, violino e violoncelo. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a pesquisa se valeu de um estudo prático-interpretativo ao piano, da revisão bibliográfica de estudos analíticos da concepção e dos aspectos interpretativos da obra, da escuta analítico-apreciativa de gravações da obra e de uma leitura de sua escrita. O trabalho de interpretação se apoiou, sobremaneira, na leitura analítica das fontes de pesquisa: manuscrito autógrafo, edições posteriores da partitura, cartas de Beethoven a seus editores e textos de comentadores de contemporâneos do compositor. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram, dentre outros pontos, que Beethoven buscou desenvolver uma parceria em que as características de cada instrumento são reconhecidas e valorizadas, mas sempre colocadas à disposição do conjunto. Também mostram que Trio op. 97 reserva ao violino papel menos proeminente que o do violoncelo; e que, com uma escrita pianística que privilegia acordes e as mais variadas figuras, o equilíbrio camerístico requer atenção especial nos quatro movimentos da obra. Enfim, os resultados apontam que as idiossincrasias são fundamentais para interpretar a notação e as intenções musicais de Beethoven. A sistematização das análises e reflexões aqui descritas permitiu clarear, aprofundar e sedimentar conhecimentos sobre a obra; mas de modo algum apontam uma direção única ou uma \"verdade absoluta\". / This study analyzes Trio op. 97, written by Ludwig van Beethoven. It does so by approaching it in connection with performance practice and with a focus on historical, aesthetic, and musicological aspects. The research aimed to recognize technical, sound, and interpretative procedures in this composition in order to achieve a sound unit and a musical thought peculiar to the chamber music formation made of piano, violin and cello. From a methodological point of view, the research relied upon a practical and interpretive study on the piano, a reading of analytical studies on the conception and interpretive aspects of Trio op. 97, an analytic and appreciative listening to recordings of this composition and a reading of its musical score. The interpretive work recurred greatly to the analytical reading of research sources such as autograph manuscript, later editions of its musical score, Beethoven\'s letters to his publishers, and of texts on Beethoven\'s life and music by contemporary commentators of him. Research results show, among other aspects, that Beethoven sought to develop a kind of work in which each instrument\'s characteristics are recognized and valued but it always serves the group. Besides, they show point that Trio op. 97 attributes to the violin a role less prominent than cello\'s; and that with a piano writing focused on chords and varied figures, chamber music\'s balance demands special attention as to the four movements of the Trio. Finally, results indicate that the idiosyncrasies are fundamental to interpret Beethoven\'s notation and musical intentions. That said, systematizing analyzes and making some thoughts on this thesis made possible to clarify, deepen and consolidate certain knowledge on Trio op. 97. But it doesn\'t meant prescribing a direction or an \"absolute truth\" regarding a forma of understanding and valuing it.

Inaug.-diss.--Leipzig. / Lebenslauf.

Thesis (M. Arch. D.U.)--University of Notre Dame, 2006. / Thesis directed by Steven W. Semes for the School of Architecture. "April 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-50).