Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-08-03T14:13:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Kátia Ragnini Scherer_.pdf: 4709462 bytes, checksum: c2712b965209d1f13cca1045e1043cfa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-03T14:13:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kátia Ragnini Scherer_.pdf: 4709462 bytes, checksum: c2712b965209d1f13cca1045e1043cfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Nenhuma / A tese tem como tema a função do Direito na reconstrução identificada pela gestão circular dos desastres climáticos. A delimitação centra-se na função do Direito no estágio da reconstrução pós-desastre. O problema proposto consiste em saber: sob quais condições a policontexturalidade dos SE instrumentaliza a função do Direito na reconstrução identificada pela gestão circular dos desastres climáticos? O objetivo geral é analisar reflexivamente as possibilidades de observação do Direito em relação à policontexturalidade dos SE e a gestão circular do Direito para a reconstrução resiliente no pós-desastre. A estrutura do trabalho está construída de modo que cada capítulo acompanhe cada objetivo específico, sendo estes: a) examinar como o Direito observa os riscos climáticos para estabelecer os fundamentos da gestão pelo Direito; b) abordar a gestão cíclica dos desastres climáticos e sua assimilação pelo contexto jurídico nacional e; c) analisar reflexivamente a instrumentalidade policontextural dos SE e sua aderência ao estágio da reconstrução, por meio da diferenciação funcional para prevenção das catástrofes climáticas. O método de abordagem é o sistêmico funcional, o de procedimento é o monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa é a bibliográfica. A pesquisa confirma a hipótese no sentido de que na reconstrução resiliente os serviços ecossistêmicos devem ser assimilados pelo Direito a partir de elementos oriundos de múltiplos contextos com o da Ciência, da Política e da Economia. Tal assimilação, por sua vez, deve operar de forma recíproca pelas organizações nos processos de avaliação, monitoramento e estruturação das decisões jurídicas de curto e de longo prazos, considerando que o contexto jurídico nacional inclui a prevenção como força motriz no tratamento dos desastres pela abordagem sistêmica de ações (prevenção, mitigação, preparação, resposta e recuperação) e pela integratividade de políticas públicas. Assim é possível uma evolução para assimilação da infraestrutura natural oferecida pelos serviços ecossistêmicos com a diferenciação funcional para a prevenção e a precaução no enfrentamento aos desastres climáticos. / The thesis takes the theme of the function of Right in the reconstruction identified by the circular gestion of climatic disasters. Its limits center on the function of Law at the time of reconstruction post-disaster. The proposed problem consists in knowing: under what conditions are Ecosystem Services polycontexturality instrument for circular management of climatic disasters through Right, separated from the reconstruction stage? The general goal is to analyze reflexively the observation possibilities of Law in relation of the polycontexturality of ecosystem services and the circular management of Law for resilient reconstruction after the disaster. The structure of work is built so that every chapter follows his specific goals, which are: a) to examine how Law studies climatic risks to establish the fundamentals of Law management; b) approach the cyclic management of climatic disasters and their assimilation by the national legal context and; c) analyze reflexively the polycontexturality instrumentality of the ES and its adherence to the stage of reconstruction through the functional changes to prevent climatic disasters. The approach method is the systemic functional one, the proceeding is the monographic one and the research is bibliographic. The research confirms the hypothesis in the sense that in a resilient reconstitution, ecosystem services must be assimilated by Law, starting from elements coming from multiple contexts with Science of Politics and Economy. Such assimilation must operate reciprocally by the organizations through processes of evaluation, monitoring and structuring of legal decisions in the long and short terms, considering the national legal context and including prevention as the driving force in the treatment of disasters through systemic actions of approach (prevention, mitigation, preparation, response and recovery) and through the integration of public policies. This way, an evolution is possible to assimilate the natural infraestracture offered by ecossistemic services with function diferences for prevention and the precaution in face of climatic disasters.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-21T16:24:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Jos? Ant?nio Souto Pinto.pdf: 1605055 bytes, checksum: ee4b6f9340c3b86023a9908239c90ee8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-21T16:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Jos? Ant?nio Souto Pinto.pdf: 1605055 bytes, checksum: ee4b6f9340c3b86023a9908239c90ee8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-05 / We live in a period of global climate change with severe climate manifestations, where rising global temperatures intensify the risks of climate disasters. Although the issue is considered a global problem, the consequences are perceived more seriously at the local level, and this complex reality presents difficulties for all, especially those responsible for public management. In this sense, the municipal sphere needs to work with active and coordinated public policies among its organs and with other spheres of government, as well as to involve the private sector in dealing with the issue of adaptation in view of the global dimension of climatic phenomena. This research aims to discuss the problem of the Municipal Coordination of Public Policies to deal with the adaptation to extreme events caused by climate change, and to analyze the importance of the Centro de Opera??es Rio (COR), located in Rio de Janeiro, as an instrument for the coordination of Public Policies. Two theoretical lines were explored in this research: the first one refers to the study of urban climatic risks, identifies what these risks are, their impacts and the consequences. This research presents a history of the climatic disasters that impacted the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro from 1991 to 2012, and showed the city's lack of preparation and vulnerability for adaptation and coping with these phenomena. The second theoretical line concerns the coordination of public policies - discusses both concepts and coordination in the horizontal, federative and in the relations between the public sector and the private segment. This research also presents the COR, its functions, organization and processes. As a result, this research argues that coordination consists of an important dimension of municipal public management and that COR as a public policy, but also as an organ that brings together in the same environment different agents involved with the daily routine of an urban center, is fundamental for the adaptation to the risks and climatic disasters of the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. / Vivemos em um per?odo de altera??es clim?ticas globais com manifesta??es severas do clima, onde o aumento da temperatura do planeta intensifica os riscos de desastres clim?ticos. Apesar da quest?o ser considerada um problema global, as consequ?ncias s?o percebidas com maior gravidade em ?mbito local, e esta realidade complexa traz dificuldades a todos, sobretudo, aos respons?veis pela gest?o p?blica. Neste sentido, a esfera municipal necessita trabalhar com pol?ticas p?blicas ativas e coordenadas entre os seus ?rg?os e com as demais esferas de governo, al?m de envolver o segmento privado, para lidar com a quest?o da adapta??o, em vista da dimens?o global dos fen?menos clim?ticos. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo discutir o problema da Coordena??o Municipal de Pol?ticas P?blicas para lidar com a adapta??o a eventos extremos causados por mudan?as clim?ticas, e do mesmo modo, analisar a import?ncia do Centro de Opera??es Rio (COR), localizado no munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro, como um instrumento de coordena??o de Pol?ticas P?blicas. Duas linhas te?ricas foram exploradas nesta pesquisa: a primeira refere-se ao estudo dos riscos clim?ticos urbanos, identifica quais s?o estes riscos, os seus impactos e as consequ?ncias. Esta pesquisa apresenta um hist?rico dos desastres clim?ticos que impactaram o Munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro de 1991 a 2012, e evidenciaram o despreparo e a vulnerabilidade da cidade para a adapta??o e o enfrentamento desses fen?menos. A segunda linha te?rica diz respeito ? coordena??o de pol?ticas p?blicas - discute ambos conceitos e a coordena??o nas dimens?es horizontal, federativa e nas rela??es entre o setor p?blico e o segmento privado. Esta pesquisa tamb?m apresenta o COR, suas fun??es, organiza??o e processos. Como resultado, esta pesquisa defende que a coordena??o consiste em uma dimens?o importante da gest?o p?blica municipal e o COR como uma pol?tica p?blica, mas igualmente como um ?rg?o que re?ne em um mesmo ambiente diferentes agentes envolvidos com a rotina di?ria de um centro urbano, ? fundamental para a adapta??o aos riscos e desastres clim?ticos do Munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro

Les changements climatiques bouleversent toute la planète. Leurs impacts écologiques et socio-économiques sont une menace pour tous les pays, surtout ceux en voie de développement. Depuis 1990, la communauté internationale a pris conscience de ce phénomène et les pays développés sont pointés du doigt pour en être des responsables. Par conséquent, ils doivent fournir des efforts financiers et technologiques pour aider les pays les moins avancés à s’adapter. Aujourd’hui, les changements climatiques représentent un enjeu des relations internationales et sont abordés dans presque toutes les réunions internationales. Cependant, la gouvernance climatique mondiale peine à se mettre en place malgré les efforts accomplis par la communauté internationale. Les conférences sont le théâtre de rapports de force entre les États où prévalent les intérêts nationaux, souvent contradictoires. Les impacts des changements climatiques étant localisés, le Tchad apparaît comme un pays vulnérable, aux conséquences graves : avancée du désert, sécheresse, inondations, perte de biodiversité, appauvrissement des sols et diminution des ressources en eau, qui entrainent la baisse de la production agricole, l’insécurité alimentaire, les maladies, les conflits et les déplacements des populations. Bien que le Tchad soit mobilisé pour lutter contre les changements climatiques, il manque des capacités nécessaires pour relever ce défi. Cette thèse considère la zone sahélienne comme une des plus pertinentes pour l’analyse précise de ces impacts et pour la proposition de stratégies mieux adaptées pour lutter contre les changements climatiques. Il s’agit de mesures d’atténuation et d’adaptation qui consistent à mettre en œuvre des politiques nationales plus innovantes et plus ciblées, à créer de nouvelles infrastructures dans les secteurs des transports, des télé-communications, de l’énergie, et à impliquer l’ensemble des acteurs concernés. / Climate changes are upseting the whole planet. Their écologic and socio-economic impacts are a real threat for all countries, principally the developping ones. Since 1990, the international community has becoming aware of this and the developped countries are clearly showned as being mainly responsible. Consequently, they have to financially and technologically strive in order to help the less advanced countries to adapt. Nowadays, the climate changes represent a big stake in the inter-national relationships, they are debated in almost all international meetings. However, the world climatic governing is difficult to establish by the international community. The conferences are dominated by the frequent oppositions of the States’ national interests. As the impacts of climate changes are specifically localised, Chad appears as a vulnerable country suffering dramatic conse-quences: progression of desert, dryness, flood, loss of biodiversity, empoverishment of soils and diminishing water ressources which imply the decreasing ot the agricultural production, food unse-curity, deseases, conflicts and deportation of population. Although Chad is mobilised to struggle against climatic changes, it lacks the necessary capacity to confront this challenge. This thesis con-siders the sahelian zone as one of the most relevant to precisely analyse these impacts and for pro-posal of efficient strategies adapted to act against climate changes. It is about measures of mitiga-tion and adaptation which consist in operating more innovative and more targeted national politics, in creating new infrastructures in the sectors of transport, telecommunications, energy and in in-volving all the concerned actors.

Smallholder farmers often have great entrepreneurial qualities that build on generations of experience. However, many farm management practices are poorly adapted to current climate change conditions. In order for farmers to understand the risks they are undertaking by following certain farming practices and to adapt accordingly, a decision support tool is being developed by researchers at TU Delft. The tool runs a socio-hydrological model, created in Python, in the back-end and provides farmer specific investment and profit data for different crops in the front-end. The aim of this study is to develop a risk assessment process that integrates hydro-climatic variability in the decision support tool, and to identify ways of communicating risk to smallholder farmers in Maharashtra, India. Two sources of variability were characterised based on a literature review of Indian farmers’ own risk perceptions; the untimely onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon and the frequency of dry spells. A sensitivity analysis was then carried out to investigate their respective effects on the farmers’ crop yields. The method proposed to evaluate these risks used a single variable, precipitation data, and a two-dimensional risk matrix to compound the two risk factors, over a time span of 14 years (2003-2016). However, the results indicate that it might be more beneficial to define dry spells in terms of crop water stress, instead of a precipitation threshold. This study also proposed a method for translating a cumulative distribution curve into a risk representation that is adapted for low-literacy users by combining numbers and text with graphics, color and voice descriptions. Ultimately, however, the usability of the tool cannot be determined solely through literature, but must involve the end-users in its design. / Småskaliga jordbrukare är goda entreprenörer som samlat på sig kunskaper och erfarenheter över flera generationer. Däremot är vissa metoder som jordbrukarna använder sig av idag för att förvalta sitt jordbruk inte anpassade till nutida klimatförändringar. För att jordbrukarna ska förstå riskerna som de åtar sig vid valet av dessa metoder försöker forskare vid TU Delft nu ta fram ett verktyg för att underlätta jordbrukares förmåga att ta självständiga men välgrundade beslut om sitt jordbruk. Verktyget är baserat på en socio-hydrologisk modell som är framtagen i Python och som förser specifika investerings- och inkomstdata för enskilda jordbrukare. Syftet med detta kandidatarbete är att bidra till verktyget genom att undersöka de hydroklimatiska risker som uppstår till följd av föränderliga och osäkra klimatologiska förhållanden för jordbrukare i delstaten Maharashtra, Indien. Två riskfaktorer karakteriserades baserat på en litteraturstudie om indiska jordbrukares riskuppfattningar: avvikelser i starten på den indiska sommarmonsunen och antal torrperioder under monsunsäsongen. Dessutom utfördes en känslighetsanalys för att undersöka om och hur den existerande modellens utdata av skörd påverkades av de valda riskfaktorerna. Monsunstarten och torrperioderna togs fram genom metoder som enbart använde historiska nederbördsdata över tidsperioden 2003-2016 och kombinerades sedan med hjälp av en tvådimensionell riskmatris. Resultaten visade att det fanns anledning att ifrågasätta hur torrperioderna definierades och att det kan vara mer fördelaktigt att undersöka vattenbrist för grödan, snarare än att enbart förlita sig på nederbördsdata. Vidare föreslog denna studie en metod för att översätta en kumulativ fördelningsfunktion till en grafisk riskframställning som är anpassad till användare med låg läskunnighet genom att kombinera siffror med text, grafik, färg och ljudförklaringar. I slutändan kan dock inte användbarheten av verktyget enbart avgöras utifrån litteratur, utan måste även inkludera återkoppling från slutanvändarna.