When considering migrating a system to the cloud, one important aspect of the process is to identify which components of the system are suitable and beneficial to deploy in cloud. This process is crucial and can be the difference between a successful deployment and a failure. The Media Asset Management system (MAM) Cantemo, is in this thesis examined with the purpose of identifying suitable components for deployment based on suitability and practicability criteria lists. In addition, some of the identified components are chosen to be migrated to Amazon Web Services (AWS). Lastly, these deployments are evaluated by putting them through multiple, self-assessed, tests to check if the system can handle basic tasks such as ingestion of files and transcoding of images. The results show only one component was migrated and successfully passed the self-assessed tests, due to time constraints.

Switching from traditional information technology to cloud based technology is becoming more common for organizations looking to obtain benefits such as scalability, pay-per-use, and increased availability. A cloud migration is a project of high-level complexity, and having a methodological step-by-step approach can assist an organization through the process. Although there is a substantial amount of research on cloud migration, there is a lack of step-by-step descriptions to guide organizations looking to switch to cloud technology.  This is a case study evaluation of a cloud migration, where the cloud migration process is explored and compared to established frameworks for cloud migration. The case study organization is a large Swedish retail company that performed a cloud migration between 2020-2022, when switching from a legacy point-of-sale system to a cloud based application for commerce. Data collection consisted of a document review, an archival data review, and a survey that was sent out to end users of the cloud application. These three methods were selected to obtain triangulation of data and to provide an accurate description of the cloud migration process of the case study organization.  The results of the study demonstrate that the evaluated cloud migration process had many similarities to the frameworks for cloud migration, although with differences in order of execution and emphasis on activities. Challenges experienced during the cloud migration process were related to interoperability, project complexity, and having a third-party service provider. By contrast, success factors of the cloud migration were proper planning for support flow and deployment, having substantial user support, and sufficient training for end users.  This study provides a description of an executed cloud migration with an overview of the process from start to finish, along with insights into challenges and lessons learned regarding project execution. This could be of value for organizations looking to migrate from legacy applications to cloud based applications.

Detta arbete undersöker migration från legacy-system till en molnbaserad miljö. Legacy-system är ett system som byggts upp under organisationens livstid och är kritiskt för attverksamheten ska fungera. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka vilka motiverande ochutmanande faktorer som påverkar denna migration och hur dessa faktorer påverkartillvägagångssätt och de beslut som fattas. Den teoretiska bakgrunden bygger på tidigarestudier av legacy till moln-migration, där ett antal faktorer identifieras som viktiga. Därtillbeskrivs fyra områden som är centrala för tillvägagångssättet i denna typ av migration, blandannat arkitektur, val av destination och fyra migrationstyper. Kvalitativa intervjuer hargenomförts för att bidra till en fallstudie av ett stort företag som just nu genomför enmolnmigration. Tillsammans med tillgängligt material har intervjuerna analyserats ochresulterat i en diskussion där vi för vissa faktorer kunnat bekräfta deras påverkan, samtidentifiera ett antal nya. Slutligen visar vi på hur dessa faktorer har påverkat beslut som detundersökta företaget fattat under processen och vilket tillvägagångssätt dessa lett till. Därfinner vi bland annat att faktorer kopplade till säkerhet har haft mest omfattande påverkan påde fyra undersökta områdena.

Cloud computing is an emerging model in which applications, data, computing resources and operating platforms are provided to clients as a service. It represents a unique way to architect and remotely manage computing resources with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. As it become widely used and being relayed on, security and the risks surrounding it became more in focus to ensure the data protection. The purpose of the study is to focus on the security risks of confidentiality, integrity and availability, and how the cloud consumer perceives cloud security based on those risks. For this purpose, a qualitative research method was adopted and semi-structured interviews with 6 users with experience within the cloud were conducted to collect the data. The data were analysed and explained using codes and categories, based on the research questions and related literature. A roadmap was developed consist of four elements which can support in the migration decision. Those elements are: Trust, Compliance, Proactive and Continuous assessment.

Many enterprises are currently exploring the possibility of migrating some or all of their IT functionalities to public clouds with the objective of reducing their overall IT service costs or to open new business frontiers. Unfortunately, making such a decision is not a straightforward task; it requires a vigorous evaluation of the various benefits, risks and costs associated with the migration of their diverse business processes that comprise of their current IT services. Yet, this problem has received very little attention in the literature, mainly due to its interdisciplinary nature. This thesis aims at filling this gap by aiding the enterprises during the phase of making their cloud migration decision. The contributions of this work are twofold. First, a novel cloud-migration framework is introduced to guide the enterprises through a sequence of well-defined recommended analysis steps. These steps culminate with the formulation of the migration decision problem as a mathematical optimization one. The second contribution is a decision engine that efficiently solves this optimization problem. More precisely, the proposed framework gradually guides the enterprise to first identify the various business processes that are related to their IT services and then to determine the relationship and the communication needed among those processes. The identified inter-process communication represents an indicator of how tightly coupled these business processes are to each other. When outsourcing business processes, tightly coupled processes add a high communication cost and may introduce service latency if they are not co-located. As such, inter-process communication becomes an important input parameter that affects the migration decision. Enterprises can then determine to partially or completely migrate IT services to clouds. Furthermore, multiple vendors can be used for different services. However, when different vendors are involved, the communication cost between different processes increases. The objective is to maximize profit for an organization which includes lowering IT expenses in the long term without compromising data integrity or security. An optimization formula is finally constructed to help the enterprise determine which services to migrate given input parameters of the cost of doing business in-house, cost of outsourcing, and communication costs. Finally, a case study is utilized to demonstrate the performance of the proposed work by analyzing the process of migrating the services to clouds for an IPTV service provider. More specifically, the case study focuses on the content delivery network (CDN) within the IPTV provider’s infrastructure which is responsible for delivering contents to viewers. The CDN network can use the proposed profit-optimization formula to determine whether to utilize a cloud service or to use its internal resource to deliver the content. A performance evaluation from a simulation is presented to demonstrate the proposed profit-optimization formula can return a set of optimal mix of both internal and external services to maximize profits.

<p>Transitioning to cloud computing is a complex and major effort for large multinational corporations (MNCs). Automated cloud migration tools (ACMTs) have been developed and are evolving to streamline this process. The potential benefits of their use are reported to be significant in terms of cost, time, and business innovation. Academic research on ACMTs and the best leadership practices for their use has been limited. </p><p> </p><p>The purpose of the research was to identify the best leadership practices of MNCs in the use of automated migration tools for the adoption of commercial cloud computing platforms. Adoption of cloud computing is a major technological shift occurring globally, and is still in early stages of growth. Major providers of commercial cloud computing platforms include technological giants such as Microsoft, Amazon Web Services, Google, Oracle and IBM.</p><p> </p><p>A meta-analysis designed research approach focusing on the triangulation of case studies, cloud computing industry data and trends from cloud service providers (CSP) revealed that best practices of leaders within MNCs fall under three main categories: awareness, impact and actions. Further, it was determined that the ACMTs with the most advanced capabilities do not necessarily equate to faster realization of cloud value for the MNC. </p><p> </p>With the continued development of ACMTs and their growing adoption, further study on the role of automation in cloud migration solution deployment will be critical, as ACMT capabilities will continue to mature. No longer the sole domain of becoming a market leader alone, organizations that utilize ACMTs are increasingly doing so just to maintain competitive parity, as the true differentiator in organizational excellence is now in cloud optimization and not simply just getting to the cloud.

År 2020 meddelade Europeiska domsstolen den så kallade Schrems II-domen som komplicerar hur europeiska verksamheter får använda amerikanska molntjänstleverantörer på grund av oförenliga lagar och regleringar mellan USA och EU vid hantering av känsliga uppgifter. Eftersom amerikanska molntjänstleverantörer dominerar den europeiska marknaden lever många verksamheter i en osäkerhet om de kan fortsätta använda deras verksamhetskritiska molntjänster. Denna studies syfte är att bidra med kunskap kring vilka möjligheter som finns för dessa verksamheter, samt undersöka vilka kontraster det finns mellan den svenska privata och offentliga sektorn efter Schrems II-domen. Den primära empiriska datan har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer med totalt elva respondenter. Åtta intervjuer genomfördes med respondenter från svenska verksamheter från både privat och offentlig sektor med olika perspektiv och arbetsbakgrund inom IT med fokus på att identifiera de utmaningar som upplevs under molnmigrationer. Tre intervjuer genomfördes sedan med respondenter som är insatta i Schrems II-frågan för att identifiera möjligheter och bringa ytterligare klarhet på studiens frågeställningar. Studiens resultat visade att den offentliga sektorn har påverkats avsevärt mer än den privata sektorn av Schrems II-domen och identifierade följande möjligheter: En juridisk bedömning på nationell nivå inom Sverige för användande av amerikanska molntjänster skulle klargöra och underlätta för framförallt mindre myndigheter som i dagsläget måste göra bedömningen själv. Resultatet av den nya rättsliga ramen Trans-Atlantic Data Privacy Framework som eventuellt ersätter den ram som Schrems II-domen ogiltligförklarade skulle ge ny klarhet i vad som gäller juridiskt för verksamheter. Ett beslut av EU-kommissionen förväntas komma till sommaren 2023. Licensering av amerikanska molntjänstleverantörers produkter som bedrivs av svenska IT-leverantörer. / In 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union announced the so-called Schrems II-ruling, which complicates how european businesses can use American owned cloud service providers due to incompatible laws and regulations between the US and the EU regarding sensitive data. Since American cloud service providers dominate the european market, many businesses are uncertain about whether or not they can continue to utilize their business-critical cloud services. The purpose of this study is to contribute knowledge about the possible opportunities for these affected businesses and to examine the contrast between the Swedish private and public sectors after the Schrems II-ruling. The primary empirical data was collected through qualitative interviews with a total of eleven respondents. Eight interviews were contucted with respondents from both the private and public sector with different perspectives and work background within IT, with a focus on identifying the perceived challenges during cloud migrations in the public and private sectors. Three interviews were then conducted with respondents who are knowledgeable about the Schrems II-issue to identify opportunities and gain further clarity on the study's questions. The study's results showed that the public sector has been significantly more affected by the Schrems II-ruling than the private sector and identified the followning possible opportunities: A legal assesment at the national level in Sweden for the use of American cloud services would clarify the uncertainty businesses experience today. It would esspecially aid smaller agencies that currently have to make the assessment themselves with limited resources. The outcome of the new legal framework, the Trans-Atlantic Data Privacy Framework, which may replace the framework invalidated by the Schrems II ruling, would provide new clarity on what is legally applicable to businesses. A decision by the EU Commission is expected in the summer of 2023. Licensing of American cloud service providers products operated by Swedish IT providers.

Software as a Service (SaaS) är en metod för att leverera mjukvara där lösningen är centralt lagrad och erbjuden som en tjänst. SaaS erbjuder flera olika fördelar ur både den tekniska och den kommerciella synvinkeln. Som en konsekvens av det är många företag mycket motiverade att flytta sina föråldrade system till SaaS för att fortsätta vara konkurrenskraftiga på marknaden. Tyvärr så är sådana stora migreringar ofta utmanande och problematiska, SaaS lägger till ännu fler utmaningar till den problematiken. Den här studien föreslår en effektiv processmodell för SaaS-migrering när systemen som ska migreras till SaaS är föråldrade. Den föreslagna modellen siktar på att guida SaaS-migreringsprojektet i rätt riktning och därmed utöka sannolikheten för att det skall lyckas. Kvalitativa metoder har använts för att utveckla och validera modellen. Den initiala modellen utvecklades från experimentiell kunskap i kombination med att studera och analysera relevant arbete i området. Modellen modifierades iterativt ytterligare genom att konsultera både akademiska och industri-experter med relaterad bakgrund. Slutligen så valdes experted på ämnet ut och öppna intervjuer genomfördes för att validera modellen. Resultaten från intervjuerna föreslår att den föreslagna process-modellen är väl anpassad för att appliceras i industrin och förväntas kunna hjälpa en organisation att genomföra SaaS-migreringsprojekt effektivt och framgångsrikt. / Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software delivery method in which software is centrally hosted and offered as a commodity. SaaS provides numerous advantages both from technical and business perspective. Hence, many companies are highly motivated to move their legacy systems to the SaaS in order to stay competitive in the market. However, any migration of legacy systems is usually challenging and failure prone. SaaS migration adds more challenges on top of that. This thesis proposes an effective SaaS migration process model for migrating legacy application to SaaS. Proposed process model aims to guide the SaaS migration projects in the right direction and thus increase the success rate. Qualitative method was used to develop and validate our model. The initial SaaS migration process model was developed from experimental knowledge in combination with studying and analysing relevant work in this field. The model was further modified in iteration by consulting both academic and industry experts with related background. Finally, experts were selected on the subject matter and conducted structured open-ended interviews to validate the model. The interview results suggest that the proposed process model is well suited to be applied in industry and is largely expected to help an organization to drive the SaaS migration project effectively and successfully.

Studien undersöker fenomenet migrering av legacy-system till molnlösningar. Ettlegacy-system är ett föråldrat IT-system som fortfarande använder äldre typer av teknikäven då mer modern teknik finns tillgängligt. Dessa system används vanligtvistillsammans med äldre affärssystem samt inom lager och produktionsmiljöer. Utifrån tidigare forskning på området identifierades det en lucka i litteraturen hursvenska konsultbolag inom IT-sektorn hanterar och genomför migreringar av legacysystem till molnlösningar. Denna undersökning tillämpade en kvalitativ intervjustudiemed semistrukturerad intervjuform och en tematisk analys genomfördes. Litteratursamlades även in kring tidigare dokumenterade utmaningar och metoder för att skapagrundläggande förståelse inom ämnet. Studien ämnade kartlägga vilka utmaningar, metoder och hantering av utmaningar IT konsulter möter i deras arbete. Denna studie identifierar totalt tre tillvägagångssätt förmigreringar, först en förstudie, sedan två olika metodval, Rehost och Replace. Vidareframförs även totalt nio olika utmaningar samt vilka tekniska åtgärder konsulter utför ihanteringen av dessa. Studien bidrar även med att öka antalet studier mot näringslivetgenom att djupare undersöka svenska konsulters arbete med migrering av legacysystem. / This study investigates the phenomenon legacy-system migration to cloud solutions.Legacy-systems are described as an outdated IT-system which still uses older types oftechnology even though more modern technology is available. These systems areusually found in older ERP-systems, as well as in warehouses and productionenvironments. Based on previous research in the field, a gap was identified in the literature on howSwedish consulting companies in the IT-sector handle and implement migrations oflegacy-systems to cloud solutions. This study applied a qualitative interview study withsemi-structured interview form and a thematic analysis was conducted. Literature wasalso collected around previously documented challenges and methods for creating basicunderstanding of the subject. The study aims to identify challenges, methods, and the management of challenges IT consultants face in their work. The study presents a total of three different methods,first a feasibility study on migration, then two different method choices, Rehost andReplace. Furthermore, a total of nine different challenges are presented, as well as whattechnical measures consultants perform in handling them. The study also contributes toincreasing the number of studies towards the industry by examining in more dept thework of Swedish consultants on the migration of legacy-systems.

Migration to the cloud has been a popular topic in industry and academia in recent years. Despite many benefits that the cloud presents, such as high availability and scalability, most of the on-premise application architectures are not ready to fully exploit the benefits of this environment, and adapting them to this environment is a non-trivial task.Therefore, many organizations consider a gradual process of moving to the cloud with Hybrid Cloud architecture. In this paper, the author is making an effort of analyzing particular enterprise case in cloud migration topics like cloud deployment, cloud architecture and cloud management.This paper aims to identify, classify, and compare existing challenges in cloud migration, illustrate approaches to resolve these challenges and discover the best practices in cloud adoption and process of conversion teams to the cloud.