The thesis on comparing products to ensure the colloidal stability of white wines before bottling in the theoretical part examined the definition of colloid division of disperse systems and their relation to wine. Further described is the main cataracts occurring in wines and methods to prevent them, focusing on the practice of the most commonly used products: Metatartaric acid, gum arabic and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). In the practical part of these products in different variations, combinations and concentrations added to white wine, which was a non-stabilized against the tartar and proteins. This wine was in the wake of bottling and variants of the same stored for one year in two different storage temperatures. In the course of storage was observed formation of cataracts in individual bottles. After a year all variants were opened and evaluated was total sensory analysis with qualification and quantification of turbidity, sediment filtration and weighing, measuring conductivity and pH. The results were statistically processed and evaluated with recommendations for practice.

PINHEIRO, Diego da Silva. Sobre a escassez de hipersuperfícies tipo-espaço cmc e não totalmente geodésicas de grupos de Lorentz. 2017. 52 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática)- Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Andrea Dantas (pgmat@mat.ufc.br) on 2017-03-14T18:17:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_dspinheiro.pdf: 425254 bytes, checksum: c13b691edaa54ffcf9623cda649f5d1e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2017-03-20T15:36:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_dspinheiro.pdf: 425254 bytes, checksum: c13b691edaa54ffcf9623cda649f5d1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T15:36:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_dspinheiro.pdf: 425254 bytes, checksum: c13b691edaa54ffcf9623cda649f5d1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / The results of this work can be seen as giving a sort of heuristic explanation of why it is so hard to give examples of non totally geodesic, complete, spacelike, cmc hypersurfaces Mn of a Lorentzian group Gn+1. More precisely, let N be a timelike unit vector field on M and suppose that the Ricci curvature of G in the direction of N is greater than or equal to − H2 n , where H is the mean curvature of M with respect to N. If M is compact and transversal to a timelike element of the Lie algebra of G, then we show that it is a lateral class of a Lie subgroup of G and, as such, totally geodesic in G. If M is noncompact and parabolic, then we get the same result, provided M has bounded hyperbolic Gauss map. We also discuss some related examples and, along the way, give a simple proof of the parabolicity of a Riemannian product of a compact and a parabolic Riemannian manifold. / Os resultados deste trabalho podem ser vistos como uma curta explanação heurística sobre a dificuldade de encontrar exemplos de hipersuperfícies Mn tipo-espaço cmc não totalmente geodésicas e completas, em um grupo de Lorentz Gn+1. Mais precisamente, seja N um campo vetorial unitário tipo-tempo em M e suponha que a curvatura de Ricci de G na direção de N é maior do que ou igual a − H2 n , onde H é a curvatura média da referida hipersuperfície tipo-espaço com respeito a N. Se M é compacta e transversal a um elemento tipo-tempo da álgebra de Lie de G, então mostramos que M é uma classe lateral de um subgrupo de Lie de G e, portanto, é totalmente geodésica em G. Se M é não compacta e parabólica, então conseguimos o mesmo resultado, desde que a aplicação de Gauss hiperbólica seja limitada. Também discutiremos alguns exemplos relacionados e, no decorrer da explanação, daremos uma prova simples da parabolicidade do produto de variedades riemannianas parabólicas e compactas.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur pseudonymitet och/eller pseudoanonymitet påverkar diskussionen av svensk politik på nätet samt de för och nackdelar som kan finnas med denna eventuella förändring. Undersökningen är dock begränsad till effekterna på diskussionerna som hålls på Reddit/r/svenskpolitik. För att kunna granska detta undersöks användarnas egen uppfattning om hur beteenden och diskussioner förändras på ett forum med pseudonymitet, samt att det genomförs en argumentationsanalys av en slumpvis utvald post på forumet för att kunna ställa användarnas uppfattningar emot det faktiska beteende och kommunicerade som sker på forumet. Användarnas egen uppfattning inhämtas genom en enkätundersökning och bearbetas genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys. Den slumpvis utvalda posten bearbetas med en pro et contra metod för att finna strukturer och analyseras sedan efter en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Undersökningen lutar sig på forskning kring hur anonymitet på nätet påverkar individer och gruppers beteende och kommunikation samt gruppolariseringsteorin för att kunna granska och förklara hur pseudonymitet och/eller pseudoanonymitet kan förändra beteenden och kommunikation. Undersökningen finner att användarna upplever en förändring i beteende och kommunikation på grund av pseudonymitet och/eller pseudoanonymitet samt att de upplever att denna förändring är större bland andra användare än land dem själva. Undersökningen finner även att det finns en upplevd gruppolarisering hos användarna. Användarna finner att fördelarna och nackdelarna båda beror på den mer öppna diskussionen som medföljer konsekvensfriheterna på ett forum med pseudonymitet och pseudoanonymitet. Undersökningen finner också att det i den slumpvis utvalda posten återfinns spår av gruppolarisering samt mer extrema åsikter. Det finns också en tydlig invandringskritisk underton i posten som får stöd i de röstningssystem som finns på forumet. Resultaten visar också på en komplexitet i frågan om anonymitetens vara eller icke vara med tydliga för- och nackdelar men ingen koncensus.

The past decade has witnessed a proliferation of internet use for socialising with dedicated websites such as Facebook, and also for maintaining relationships using computer mediated communication. Individuals can extend the boundary associated with traditional forms of communication, and use technology to meet strangers online to share interests, or maintain existing relationships remotely. One of the most significant functions of computer-mediated communication (CMC) is its contribution to the evolution of social communication. CMC is “communication that takes place between human beings via the instrumentality of computers” (Thurlow, Lengel, & Tomic, 2004). As a consequence of the convenience and flexibility that this channel provides, CMC can be effectively used to orchestrate a variety of communication situations. Furthermore, social networks sites are becoming the choice in which individuals are maintaining relationships or meeting new people. The potential distinctions between these relationships and their offline counterparts remain contradictory. Online relationships may face different challenges, such as anonymity, restricted interaction (Walther, 1992), and the lack of physical presence. For example, sharing activities online such as playing games or visiting Web sites together differs from offline activities, such as going to the movies or dining together. These observations question whether CMC relationships have any parallels with real world relationships. Dunbar (1992) structured real world relationship by strength of ties and formulated the social brain hypothesis (SBH). This work uses the SBH as an interpretive lens in analyzing CMC relationship ties. Thus, a major focus of this work is to investigate implications of the SBH (Dunbar, 1992) within the context of CMC usage. It is recognised that CMC allows for the maintenance of a large number of friendships. Thus potentially, the use of CMC could alter the SBH ratios. Within the main findings consistency with SBH was found. Furthermore, CMC has many parallels with real world communication methods. Face-to-face communications were strongly preferred for maintenance of strong ties. Also phone usage was analysed and identified as an indicator of strong tie relationships, for both local and distant communications. The findings also address questions on displaced communities communication habits and their use of CMC. The phone was found to be most popular media and culture had a strong influence on communication content. The research used a mixed method approach, combining data collection via questionnaires, semi structured interviews and a diary study completed by participants. Based on the findings, a framework is proposed categorising groups on their level of real world socialising and CMC use. There are four essential contributions impacting on current theory. The findings offer new knowledge within the research of CMC and relationship maintenance theory. In our understanding these exploratory questions have not yet been addressed and therefore the findings of this research project are significant in their contributions.

This article provides a case study account of the language functions of tipo, which is a pragmatic feature of Argentine Spanish vernacular, as used by 10 young adult native speakers of the language (ages 18-25), in the context of oral face-to-face and synchronous technology-mediated written interactions with young adult Spanish L2 learners. An examination of naturally occurring and self-reported language awareness data suggests that tipo has acquired a wide array of pragmatic functions it is a marker of hesitation, exemplification, reformulation, vagueness, and quoted speech. In its non-pragmatic marking uses, it can refer to an unspecified man, preface a hyponym, and be used to make a comparison. Participants' usage patterns, in conjunction with their understanding of sociopragmatic variability in the use of tipo, are discussed as a direction for research in colloquial features of youth vernacular.

Lean premixed combustion is at present one of the most promising methods to reduce emissions and to maintain high efficiency in combustion systems. As the emission legislation becomes more stringent, modelling of turbulent premixed combustion has become an important tool for designing efficient and environmentally friendlier combustion systems. However, in order to predict these emissions reliable predictive models are required. One of the methods used for predicting pollutants is the conditional moment closure (CMC), which is suitable to predict pollutants with slow time scales. Despite the fact that CMC has been successfully applied to various non-premixed combustion systems, its application to premixed flames is not fully tested and validated. The main difficulty is associated with the modelling of the conditional scalar dissipation rate (CSDR) of the conditioning scalar, the progress variable. In premixed CMC, this term is an important quantity and represents the rate of mixing at small scales of relevance for combustion. The numerical accuracy of the CMC method depends on the accuracy of the CSDR model. In this study, two different models for CSDR, an algebraic model and an inverse problem model, are validated using two different DNS data sets. The algebraic model along with standard k-ε turbulence modelling is used in the computations of stoichiometric and very lean pilot stabilized Bunsen flames using the RANS-CMC method. A first order closure is used for the conditional mean reaction rate. The computed nonreacting and reacting scalars are in reasonable agreement with the experiments and are consistent with earlier computations using flamlets and transported PDF methods for the stoichiometric flames, and transported PDF methods for the very lean flames. Sensitivity to chemical kinetics mechanism is also assessed.

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Interaction involves people communicating and reacting to each other. This process is key to the study of discourse, but it is not easy to study systematically how interaction takes place in a specific communicative event, or how it is typically performed over a series of repeated communicative events. However, with a written record of the interaction, it becomes possible to study the process in some detail. This thesis investigates interaction through asynchronous written discussion forums in a computer-mediated learning environment. In particular, this study investigates pragmatic aspects of the communicative event which the asynchronous online discussions comprise. The first case study examines response patterns to messages by looking at the content of initial messages and responses, in order to determine the extent to which characteristics of the messages themselves or other situational factors affect the interaction. The second study examines in what ways participants use a range of discourse devices, including formulaic politeness, humour and supportive feedback as community building strategies in the interaction. The third study investigates the role of the subject line of messages in the interaction, for example by examining how participants choose different types of subject lines for different types of messages. The fourth study examines to what extent features serving a deictic function are drawn on in the interaction and then compares the findings to both oral conversation and formal academic discourse. The overall findings show a complex communicative situation shaped by the medium itself, type of activity, the academic discipline and topic of discussion and by the social and cultural aspects of tertiary education in an online learning environment. In addition, the findings may also provide evidence of learning.

[ES] El cambio de co'digo esta' sujeto a una gran variedad de factores que dependen del medio de comunicacio'n y de la situacio'n comunicativa. En general, segu'n la lingu¿i'stica, el cambio de co'digo ocurre cuando un hablante alterna entre dos o ma's lenguas o variedades de una lengua en una misma conversacio'n. Estas pra'cticas comunicativas se han tratado en muchos contextos, lenguas y contacto entre culturas. Sin embargo, no hay estudios sobre el tema en el contexto eslovaco, de ahi' la relevancia del trabajo recogido en esta tesis doctoral que tiene como fin u'ltimo paliar esta escasez de estudios lingu¿i'sticos. En concreto, aqui' analizamos el cambio de co'digo exclusivamente en comunicaciones realizadas por correo electro'nico en un entorno laboral multilingu¿e y multicultural. El estudio se centra en la eleccio'n de lengua, las actitudes hacia una lengua y la mezcla de lenguas en las comunicaciones entre los compan¿eros de trabajo de una multinacional hotelera radicada en Eslovaquia. El ana'lisis examina u'nicamente los correos escritos en eslovaco que presentan cambios de co'digo al ingle's. Debido a la naturaleza multidisciplinar de este proyecto de investigacio'n, asi' como a su cara'cter dual, es decir, el examen de las actitudes hacia una lengua por una parte y las pra'cticas de cambio de co'digo por otra, esta tesis plantea varias preguntas de investigacio'n y tiene una serie de objetivos que pasamos a detallar. El objetivo principal del estudio cuantitativo basado en el cuestionario disen¿ado es examinar hasta que' punto los encuestados son conscientes de los cambios de co'digo al ingle's durante sus comunicaciones, en particular durante sus conversaciones electro'nicas, y determinar las razones por las que se lleva a cabo este cambio de co'digo, sacando a la luz las actitudes hacia este feno'meno lingu¿i'stico. Adema's, dado que los conocimientos que aportan los cuestionarios son generalmente limitados, se ha llevado a cabo un ana'lisis del discurso para observar ma's detalladamente el alcance de los cambios de lengua, los tipos y las funciones que presentan. La metodologi'a empleada, que sigue el me'todo mixto de investigacio'n, se utiliza para analizar las motivaciones y las razones por las que nuestros participantes prefieren usar el ingle's en lugar de su lengua nativa. Asi' pues, esta tesis doctoral recoge el primer ana'lisis completo de este tipo sobre el cambio de co'digo eslovaco/ingle's en la comunicacio'n electro'nica que examina conversaciones aute'nticas por Internet dentro de una corporacio'n. Palabras clave: cambio de co'digo, comunicacio'n electro'nica, correo electro'nico, comunicacio'n en entornos laborales, actitudes hacia la lengua / [CAT] El canvi de codi esta¿ subjecte a una gran varietat de factors que depenen del mitja¿ de comunicacio' i de la situacio' comunicativa. En general, segons la lingu¿i'stica, el canvi de codi ocorre quan un parlant alterna entre dues o me's llengu¿es o varietats d'una llengua en una mateixa conversa. Aquestes pra¿ctiques comunicatives han estat tractades en molts contexts, llengu¿es i contacte entre cultures. No obstant aixo¿, no hi ha estudis sobre el tema en el context eslovac, d'aqui' la relleva¿ncia del treball recollit en aquesta tesi doctoral que te' com a finalitat u'ltima pal.liar l'escassetat d'estudis lingu¿i'stics sobre el tema. En concret, aci' analitzem el canvi de codi exclusivament en comunicacions realitzades per correu electro¿nic en un entorn laboral multilingu¿e i multicultural. L'estudi se centra en l'eleccio' de llengua, les actituds cap a una llengua i la mescla de llengu¿es en les comunicacions entre els companys de treball d'una multinacional hotelera radicada a Eslova¿quia. L'ana¿lisi examina u'nicament els correus escrits en eslovac que presenten canvis de codi a l'angle's. A causa de la naturalesa multidisciplina¿ria d'aquest projecte d'investigacio', aixi' com al seu cara¿cter dual, e's a dir, l'examen de les actituds cap a una llengua per una part i les pra¿ctiques de canvi de codi per altra, aquesta tesi planteja diverses preguntes d'investigacio' i te' una se¿rie d'objectius que detallarem a continuacio'. L'objectiu principal de l'estudi quantitatiu basat en el qu¿estionari dissenyat e's examinar fins a quin punt les persones enquestades so'n conscients del canvi de codi a l'angle's durant les seues comunicacions, en particular durant les seues converses electro¿niques, i determinar les raons per les quals es duu a terme aquest canvi de codi, traient a la llum les actituds cap a aquest fenomen lingu¿i'stic. A me's, ate's que els coneixements que aporten els qu¿estionaris so'n generalment limitats, s'ha realitzat una ana¿lisi del discurs per a observar me's detalladament l'abast dels canvis de llengua, els tipus i les funcions que representen. La metodologia emprada, que segueix el me¿tode mixt d'investigacio', s'utilitza per a analitzar les motivacions i les raons per les quals els nostres participants prefereixen fer u's de l'angle's en comptes de la seua llengua nativa. Per tant, aquesta tesi doctoral recull la primera ana¿lisi completa d'aquest tipus sobre el canvi de codi eslovac/angle's en la comunicacio' electro¿nica que examina converses aute¿ntiques per Internet dins d'una corporacio'. Paraules clau: canvi de codi, comunicacio' electro¿nica, correu electro¿nic, comunicacio' en entorns laborals, actituds cap a la llengua. / [EN] Code-switching (CS) is subject to the wide range of interrelations between medium and situation factors. Generally, from a linguistic point of view, CS occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the course of a single conversation. The practice has been noticed all around the world in many contexts, language and culture contact situations. Hence, based on earlier studies of CS phenomenon, but shifting towards a more specific environment, the workplace, the present study aims to fill a considerable gap in scholarly knowledge about the online/ written CS practices of Slovak native speakers in the context of workplace email communication. Therefore, the study focuses on language choice, language attitudes and CS practices among colleagues in a multilingual workplace environment of a multinational hospitality company in Slovakia, focusing solely on the participants' workplace interactions, in particular their email messages written in Slovak (the national language) with switches to English. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of this research project, as well as its dual focus on language attitudes on the one hand and actual CS practices on the other, this thesis addresses a number of research questions and provides a series of analyses centring around the following objectives. The main focus of the quantitative, questionnaire- based study is to examine the participants' metalinguistic awareness of the extent of switching to English during their communication (particularly focusing on their CMC interactions) and to determine their reasons for doing so, while uncovering the attitudes they hold towards this phenomenon. Furthermore, as the depth of knowledge obtained through questionnaire survey is limited, the corpus analysis of email interactions is conducted in order to investigate more closely the extent of switching and the types, forms and functions of CS involved. Employing a mixed method approach in the process, motivations and reasons why our participants choose English over their native language are examined. Hence, the study represents the first comprehensive analysis of its kind on Slovak-English CS in CMC using authentic naturally-occurring computer-mediated corporate interactions. Keywords: code-switching, CMC, email, workplace communication, attitudes / The traineeship was partly funded by Erasmus+ grant, for which I am grateful. / Lengyelová, A. (2019). Associates or zamestnanci? Language choice, attitudes and code-switching practices: The case of workplace email communication in Slovakia [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/124352 / TESIS

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