In an age of shrinking research and development (RandD) budgets, sustaining big science and technology (SandT) projects is inevitably questioned by publics and policy makers. The fusion enterprise is an exemplar. The effort to develop a viable system to produce unlimited and environmentally benign electricity from fusion of hydrogen isotopes has been a goal for six decades and consumed vast financial and intellectual resources in North America, Europe, and Asia. In terms of prolonged duration and sustained resource investment, the endeavor has developed into a huge fusion enterprise. Yet, no practical system for the generation of electricity has yet been demonstrated. This is the paradox at the heart of the fusion enterprise. Why, despite unfulfilled visions and broken promises, has the grand fusion enterprise endured? How can such a long-term enterprise persist in a funding culture that largely works in short-term cycles? Adapting Sheila Jasanoff's thesis of "sociotechnical imaginaries", I examine the relationship of shared and contrasting visions, co-produced expressions of nature and society, and distinctpolitical cultures in the quest for viable fusion. A systematic cultural and technological comparison of three fusion ventures, the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), and Wendelstein-7X, exposes how these projects and the institutions they inhabit frame the goals, risks, and benefits of the fusion enterprise and sustain a common set of fusion imaginaries. Positioned within the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in the United States, the international ITER Organization sited in France, and the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics in Germany, the three projects are prime examples of big science and technology. Rigorous research and analysis of these cases advance the thesis of the unfulfilled utopian vision of fusion energy that has endured for more than sixty years. / Doctor of Philosophy / In an age of shrinking research and development budgets, sustaining big science and technology projects is inevitably questioned by publics and policy makers. The fusion enterprise is an exemplar. The effort to develop a viable system to produce unlimited and environmentally benign electricity from fusion of hydrogen isotopes has been a goal for six decades and consumed vast financial and intellectual resources in North America, Europe, and Asia. In terms of prolonged duration and sustained resource investment, the endeavor has developed into a huge fusion enterprise. Yet, no practical system for the generation of electricity has yet been demonstrated. This is the paradox at the heart of the fusion enterprise. Beyond articulating a possible path forward for the fusion enterprise, the intent of this study is to inform decision makers who will shape energy strategy for the second half of the twenty-first century.

Yes / This article describes the work of the ‘Action on Living Well: Asking You’ group – an involvement group of people with dementia and carers attached to the IDEAL research study. The article describes the work of the group, the methods that have helped them to stay involved and people’s perspectives on their experiences of being involved and the impact it has had, for themselves and others. The article has been written following a reflective piece of work with the ‘Action on Living Well: Asking You’ group to review and remember the work of the past four years. An accompanying film brings to life the work and activities of the group, available at www.idealproject.org.uk/mclass/ / Economic and Social Research Council (UK) and the National Institute for Health Research (UK) through grant ES/L001853/2 ‘Improving the experience of dementia and enhancing active life: living well with dementia’

Les concepts de districts industriels et de clusters sont nés du constat que, dans des régions peu métropolisées, des entreprises opérant dans un même secteur d’activité pouvaient développer des dynamiques de collaboration particulières, dues notamment à leur proximité spatiale.Théorisés pour l’industrie, ces concepts ont été transférés au tourisme, puis repris par les décideurs institutionnels comme modèles de développement touristique local. Les études en tourisme sur le sujet sont assez récentes et nous avons souhaité contribuer à la réflexion. Nous avons tout d’abord réalisé une revue de littérature, pour identifier de quelle manière ces modèles ont été adaptés aux spécificités du tourisme. Étant donné que les touristes sont absents de la plupart des analyses, qui se concentrent sur les acteurs de l’offre, nous avons renversé la clé de lecture,en centrant notre travail sur les touristes, leurs pratiques et leurs relations aux lieux. L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment, en habitant temporairement les lieux, les touristes deviennent des acteurs, à part entière, du système productif local et comment leurs pratiques influencent la gouvernance et la configuration spatiale du territoire. Un travail de terrain a donc été mené en Italie, à Rimini et sur la Riviera romagnole. Le choix d’une analyse diachronique, nous a amenée à exploiter des archives,travail que nous avons complété par des entretiens réalisés auprès de touristes et de professionnels. Il s’agit en définitive d’une analyse sur le temps long, de comment en habitant des lieux, les touristes participent à la création localisée de dynamiques économiques,sociales et spatiales. / The concepts of industrial districts and clusters stem from the insight that companies operating in the same line of business in non-metropolised regions may develop special collaboration dynamics, due in particular to spatial proximity.Theorised within the field of industry, these concepts have been transferred on tourism and are now being used by institutional decision-makers as development models for local tourism. The studies of their application to tourism are recent and we wanted to provide further insight. We first went through literature to identify how the models have been adapted to match tourism,specifically. We noted that the tourists were absent from most analyses, which concentrated on the suppliers. Wetherefore deliberately took another standpoint and targeted the tourists, their habits and their relation to the location. Our purpose was to understand how tourists,who live but temporarily on the site, become integral lplayers in the local productive system and how their behaviour influences the governance and spatial configuration of the territory. We did extensive fieldwork in Italy, in Rimini and on the Romagna Riviera. We opted for a diachronic analysis and completed our archive findings with interviews, questioning both tourists and professionals. Thus, this study builds on long-time analysis of how, through their stay, tourists contribute to local economic, social and spatial dynamics.

Dans un contexte de raréfaction des terrains constructibles, comment produire de nouveaux logements qui répondent à la fois aux contraintes environnementales (construire dans les enveloppes urbaines déjà bâties) et au désir des habitants de pouvoir acquérir une maison individuelle à un prix abordable ?La démarche « BIMBY », acronyme de Build In My Back Yard (ou « construire dans mon jardin ») prend le contrepied du concept « NIMBY » (Not In My Back Yard, « pas dans mon jardin ») et fait émerger une filière de renouvellement urbain au sein des tissus pavillonnaires existants. L’hypothèse de départ est que la densification de ces quartiers puisse être réalisée à l’initiative de leurs habitants, du moins ceux qui manifestent le besoin de faire évoluer leur logement et/ou leur terrain.Les projets de vie des ménages propriétaires d’une maison individuelle peuvent en effet être à l’origine de la création d’un nouveau logement sur une parcelle déjà bâtie et située au sein d’un tissu déjà urbanisé.Durant ces trois années de thèse, l’équipe d’architectes-urbanistes du laboratoire de recherche In Vivo – dont je fais partie – a reçu plus 1 800 ménages propriétaires d’une maison individuelle lors d’ateliers de concertation BIMBY. Plus de la moitié des participants à ces entretiens ont imaginé et fait dessiner à leur architecte-médiateur un projet de construction d’un nouveau logement dans leur jardin. Dans cette dynamique de concertation, l’habitant peut devenir un acteur déterminant de l’évolution de la ville, en accueillant un nouveau voisin dans son jardin.Cette recherche de thèse opérationnelle est menée en collaboration avec le bureau d’étude Villes Vivantes, et son laboratoire de recherche In Vivo. Elle cherche à appréhender l’impact des projets des habitants des tissus pavillonnaires, lorsque ceux-ci sont intégrés au processus participatif BIMBY. Pour cela, nous avons analysé les 1 800 entretiens qualitatifs effectués avec les propriétaires dans le cadre de démarches BIMBY impulsées par 25 collectivités françaises.Différents scénarios de vie peuvent être à l’origine d’un projet de construction d’un nouveau logement. La destination de celui-ci (pour un tiers, pour un proche ou pour les porteurs de projet eux-mêmes) conditionne l’évolution de la parcelle bâtie ainsi que du quartier et de la commune.C’est pourquoi cette recherche se concentre dans un second temps sur l’influence de la concertation individuelle avec un architecte-médiateur sur la forme des projets imaginés par les habitants. En leur donnant les informations et les outils nécessaires à une bonne compréhension des contraintes techniques, économiques, architecturales et des différentes stratégies patrimoniales possibles, l’architecte contribue à faire évoluer les projets des habitants. L’apport d’une expertise architecturale permet de faire émerger des projets souvent mieux intégrés à leur environnement, contribuant à une densification par micro-projets qui pourrait être mieux acceptée des riverains que les grands projets ou la densification « sauvage ».Pour autant, et ce sera la conclusion de notre étude, la poursuite dans le temps du conseil aux particuliers, et la mise en place d’une politique d’urbanisme intégrant pleinement les projets des habitants sont incontournables pour parvenir à mener un projet d’intensification pavillonnaire vertueux. L’analyse de l’état d’avancement des projets de 180 participants sur huit territoires, et de l’évolution des idées lorsque la concertation se poursuit révèle d’autres perspectives sur les enjeux de l’accompagnement des habitants vers la densification pavillonnaire. / In a context where building land is rare, how cities can produce new housing that answer both the environmental constraints (build in the already built urban envelopes) and the inhabitants desire to buy an affordable house?The "BIMBY" approach, meaning "Build In My Back Yard" and taking the opposing view to the "Not In My Back Yard" concept, creates an urban renewal process within suburban area. The initial hypothesis being that the densification of these districts can be the initiative of the residents needing an evolution of their house or plot.The owners’ projects, focusing on their house and their garden, could create a new home on an already built plot located in an already urbanised neighbourhood. For three years and a half, the Lab InVivo research group (in which I take part) has received more than 1 800 households, owners of a house, during concertation consultation BIMBY. More than half of these owners have drawn a project of a new house in their garden with or without division. In this conciliation dynamic, inhabitants become a decisive actor of the surburbs increasing in “welcoming a new neighbour in theirs garden”.This operational research is carried out in collaboration with the research department Villes Vivantes and the research laboratory In Vivo. It seeks to understand the impact of owners’ projects at large-scale individual housing estates through the participatory BIMBY process.Different stories are the starting point of a building project and their destination (for outsider, for close family, friend or for self-promoters) determines the plot development, district and the town.Therefore the second line of this research seeks to estimate the influence of individual consultation with a mediator architect on the evolution of the type and the architectural form of the projects drawn up by the inhabitants: by giving tools to the inhabitants to develop the best plan of property, the architect contributes to empower owners’ ideas and make them more appropriate. Then, this micro-projects densification could be more accepted by local residents.However, and this is the conclusion of our research, the pursuit of advice associated with an urban planning vision and zoning codes is essential to carry out an intensification project of suburb neighbourhood. The cross-analysis of the progress states 180 participants in eight French suburban areas and the development of the project ideas with the pursuit of the consultation gives us other perspectives on the accompanying stakes of the inhabitants in the direction of the suburbs soft densification.

Att fånga kundens behov och förväntningar är nyckeln till stärkt konkurrensförmåga och ökad lönsamhet. Trots detta är offentliga verksamheter dåliga på att ta till vara på kunden och dennes erfarenheter och kunskap som en resurs i kvalitetsförbättringsarbetet. I januari 2012 trädde den nya kollektivtrafiklagen i kraft i Sverige. En tydlig målsättning med den nya kollektivtrafiklagen är att resenärsperspektivet i större utsträckning ska vara en del av kollektivtrafikplaneringen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utveckla kunskap om hur offentliga verksamheter med ansvar för kollektivtrafik kan uppnå ökad kundorientering med hjälp av co-production, co-design och service design. Undersökningsdesignen innebär en fallstudie av Uddevalla kommun och bytespunkten Uddevalla C. I undersökningen tillämpades service design-metoderna direktobservationer, servicesafari, kundresor genom samtalsintervjuer, mobiletnografi, persona och storyboards för att undersöka och visualisera arbetspendlares upplevelse av Uddevalla C som bytespunkt. Resultatet visar att tillämpning av service design-metoder kan användas i kollektivtrafikplaneringen för att skaffa värdefull kunskap om kundernas behov och förväntningar. Uppsatsen och dess resultat bidrar till att visa hur offentliga verksamheter med ansvar för kollektivtrafik kan uppnå ökad kundorientering genom tillämpning av service design där co-production och co-design spelar en avgörande roll. / Capturing the needs and expectations of the customers is key to an enhanced competitiveness and increased profitability. Despite this, the public activities of the poor to take advantage of the customer and his experience and knowledge as a resource in quality improvement efforts. In January 2012, a new Public Transport Act came in to force in Sweden. A clear goal of the new law was to enhance the travelers’ perspective as an important part of the public transport planning process. The purpose of this paper is to develop knowledge on how public agencies responsible for public transport planning can achieve greater customer orientation with the use of co-production, co-design and service design. A case study of the Uddevalla Municipality and Uddevalla Central Station as transfer node was conducted. The service design methods direct observations, service safaris, customer journey mapping through in-depth interviews, mobile ethnographies, persona and story boards were applied to examine and visualize commuters’ experience of Uddevalla Central Station as the transfer node. The result show that the application of service design methods can be used in public transport planning in order to gain valuable information about customers' needs and expectations. The thesis and its results will help to demonstrate how public organizations responsible for public transport planning can achieve greater customer orientation through the use of service design where the co-production and co-design play a crucial role.

Ce travail comprend une analyse détaillée des pratiques managériales des communautés virtuelles dans le secteur banquier. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux dynamiques managériales de la co-production parce que la plupart des études liées à la coproduction concernent les produits et les consommateurs. De plus, la littérature actuelle sur la coproduction manque des investigations empiriques dans les services financiers. Nous avons commencé par proposer des définitions pour pouvoir comprendre et analyser les concepts que nous mobilisons. La participation des clients a été définie comme la mesure dans laquelle le client est impliqué dans la production et le dévouement du service (Dabholkar, 1990). La coproduction est également définie comme engageant les clients en tant que participants actifs dans le travail de l'organisation (Lengnick Hall et al, 2000). Nous avons identifié quatre courants importants qui expliquent chronologiquement la participation du consommateur au développement de nouveaux produits/services: Marketing des services, l’approche managériale, la participation basée sur l’innovation, l’approche qui critique la participation du consommateur. La question de recherche centrale est "Comment et pourquoi les banques engagent-elles leurs clients dans un processus de co-production?" Nous avons identifié quatre dimensions au début de la recherche pour pouvoir comprendre les dynamiques managériales. Les dimensions étaient l’objectif, le processus, les résultats et les problèmes de la participation du consommateur. Nous avons décidé d’étudier cinq différentes institutions financières Européennes. Nous avons réalisé une conception de recherche des études de cas multiples afin de répondre à cette question dans un contexte financier. Nous avons identifié différents types de communautés chacune ayant des fonctions et des objectifs différents : communautés de recherche, communautés d'innovation, communauté de coopération ouverte avec des activités. Ces trois types de communauté ont des processus différents. La deuxième découverte est liée à l'évolution de ces communautés avec le temps. Certaines communautés (ING et Cetelem) ont évolué; Nous voyons une transformation de ces communautés selon les besoins et les priorités des institutions financières. Quant aux caractéristiques de ces institutions, processus et problèmes, l'analyse de ces banques montre que trois dynamiques importantes alimentent la construction et la gestion d'une communauté dans un contexte financier: client-centricité, soutien managérial et besoin d'innovation. D’après nos observations, le problème principal porte sur la gestion de la communauté. Il est difficile de gérer une communauté ouverte où n'importe qui peut venir et publier des idées et des critiques négatives. Les problèmes techniques, bureaucratiques et budgétaires existent aussi. La recherche, l'innovation et la coproduction de nouveaux produits et services sont les motifs les plus courants. Cependant, les motivations des communautés ouvertes étaient plus liées aux affaires. Le principal motif d'ouverture des communautés était la réduction des coûts, outre la réduction des coûts, l'augmentation de la fidélité des consommateurs, le contact plus étroit avec les clients, leur engagement et l'attribution de nouvelles tâches à la communauté. Comme indiqué plusieurs fois par Von Hippel (2006) et Kozinets (1999), les communautés en ligne sont des mécanismes efficaces pour l’étude du marché. En plus, les communautés sont également importantes pour accroitre la notoriété de la marque (Seraj 2012), la visibilité et la meilleure communication interne et la coopération (Ramasvamy et Gouillart 2010), le partage du savoir-faire et l'élimination des barrières entre les différents départements. / This work investigates managerial dynamics of customer participation and its evolution in financial context. We are interested in managerial dynamics because most of the studies related in co-production is about consumers and the current literature on co-production lacks empirical investigations in financial services. Despite its increasing popularity in the last decade co-production is not a new phenomenon. Customer participation has existed since a very long period of time especially in services marketing and is still evolving in different industries. The following definitions have been adopted for this research. Customer participation has been defined as "the degree to which the customer is involved in producing and delivering the service" (Dabholkar 1990, p. 484). Lengnick–Hall et al (2000) define co-production as “engaging customers as active participants in the organization’s work”. A comprehensive analysis of marketing literature about co-production and consumer participation issues leads us to four different approaches: a services marketing approach focusing on largely customer participation, a managerial approach that puts the customer at the center of co-creation process, an innovative approach where the customer actively takes part in innovation, a critical approach focusing on working consumer concept. The central question for the research is “How and why do banks engage their customers in co-production? Four constructs have been selected in order to answer this question: motives, processes problems and outcomes. Five European banks have been selected for the study. A detailed multiple case study analysis revealed three different community types: market research communities, Innovation communities, Cooperation communities. Another contribution is about the evolution of these communities in time. Some communities (ING and Cetelem) evolved according to needs and priorities of financial institutions. The analysis of these banks shows that three important dynamics feed building and managing a community in financial context: customer centricity, managerial support and the need for innovation. In addition, these three different community types have different processes. Problems of community management in financial industry are also investigated in detail in order to better answer “how” question. Besides financial, technical and organizational problems, the most important problem seems to be the management of open and harsh criticisms. The second important problem is the efficient community management in financial industry. In addition, internal dynamics, complexity and intangibility of financial services and resistance to change may also complicate effective community management. According to our findings, motives of financial institutions are not much different from motives of other companies. Research, innovation and co-production of new products and services are most common motives. However motives of open communities were different, they were more business related. Main motive for open communities was cost-cutting, besides cost-cutting, increasing consumers’ loyalty, having a closer contact with clients, engaging them and assigning the community new tasks are also important motives. According to our findings, there are also common and different outcomes for these three different communities. As stated several times by Von Hippel (2006) and Kozinets (1999) online communities are efficient mechanisms for marketing research. Our findings also supported their results. Besides, communities are also important in increasing brand awareness (Seraj 2012), visibility and better internal communication and cooperation (Ramasvamy and Gouillart 2010), know-how sharing and breaking down the barriers between different departments.

Val av sparform vid ägande i aktier har blivit allt mer aktuellt sedan det år 2012 infördes en ny sparform. Beskattningsskillnader mellan de tre nuvarande sparformerna har lett till konfunderade och osäkra aktieägare. Att optimalt val av sparform beror på ett flertal föränderliga och individuella faktorer gör att ett generellt och entydigt svar saknas. Denna rapport ska på uppdrag av ett mindre förvaltningsföretag med anledning av ovanstående, ta fram ett matematiskt verktyg vilket illustrativt ska rekommendera val av sparform utifrån olika antaganden. Rekommendationerna ska leda till att aktieportföljens avkastning efter skatt maximeras. Vidare ska rekommendationer kring implementation av den matematiska modellen i företagets verksamhet ges, där fokus ligger på ökat kundvärde. Modellen som togs fram kan utefter aktieägarens förväntade årsavkastning, förväntad prognos över statslåneräntan, placeringshorisont samt individuellt courtage rekommendera vilken sparform som ska väljas, samt när och till vilken sparform ett byte ska ske, för att därigenom maximera avkastningen efter skatt, givet att byte av sparform enbart tillåts vid årsskiftet. Genom att utgå från co-operation vid implementation av den matematiska modellen i verksamheten kan det för två specifika kundsegment leda till ökat kundvärde vid kundmöten. / Selecting the form of savings on share ownership has become increasingly relevant since the year 2012, when a new form of savings was launched. Taxation differences between the three current saving forms have led to confused and uncertain shareholders. The optimal choice of the form of savings depends on several evolving and individual factors, making that no general and simple answer could be given. This report was assigned by a small shareholder management company by reason of the above, to provide a mathematical tool which illustratively should recommend the selection of savings form, based on different assumptions. The recommendations should lead to a maximized share portfolio return after tax. Furthermore, recommendations regarding implementation of the mathematical model in the company's operations should be given, focused on enhanced customer value. The model that was developed should be based on the shareholder's expected annual return, expected forecast of government interests, investment horizon and individual brokers courtage, recommend which form of saving to be selected, regarding when and to what form of saving to move to, thereby maximizing the return after tax, assuming that the changed form of savings only to be allowed at end of year. By base the work on co-operation along the implementation of the mathematical model for the business, it can for two specific customer segments lead to added customer value at client meetings.

Sjukvården ska vara jämlik för alla patienter, men rapport från Socialstyrelsen visar att det finns brister i den svenska sjukvården. Ögonsjukvården på ett av Sveriges större sjukhus fick under sommaren 2021 in synpunkter gällande bristande tillgänglighet och bemötande. Ögonsjukvården hade lokaler som inte var anpassade för patienter med synskada, och bemötandet visade brist på insikt i hur det är att ha en synskada. Ett projekt startades i samarbete med Synskadades Riksförbund, för att tillsammans åtgärda dessa brister. Fyra patienter med synskada fick besöka ögonmottagningen och uppmärksamma brister och ta fram åtgärdsförslag. De fick även svara på en enkät före och efter genomförandet av åtgärderna för att senare kunna utvärdera om förändringarna lett till en förbättring eller inte. Frågorna gällde fyra aspekter i tillgänglighet på olika delar av sjukhuset. För att förbättra bemötandet föreslog Synskadades Riksförbund en insiktsutbildning för personalen. Utbildningen skulle ledas av personer med synskada, med målet att öka personalens förståelse för hur det är att leva med en synskada, Utbildningen följdes av en intervjustudie för att undersöka medarbetarnas erfarenhet av co-production, och hur verksamheten i framtiden kan samarbeta med patienterna. Resultatet visar att alla utom en patient upplevde förbättring av tillgängligheten på alla fyra aspekter. En av patienterna tyckte att tre av fyra aspekter hade förbättrats. Totalt 23 medarbetare hann genomgå insiktsutbildningen. Målet på en ökad tillgänglighet uppnåddes, medan målet om att hinna med att utbilda 30 medarbetare inte uppnåddes. Resultatet av studien visade att co-production är ett uppskattat arbetssätt som anses effektivt för att uppnå mer jämlik sjukvård. Slutsatsen är att co-production tillsammans med patienterna har lett till både bättre tillgänglighet och bättre bemötande. Projektet fortsätter, och målet under året är att alla medarbetare ska hunnit genomgå insiktsutbildningen. Projektet har tilldelats medel för fortsatta insatser för en mer jämlik sjukvård för ögonsjukvårdens patienter. / Healthcare must be equal for all patients, but a National Board of Health and Welfare report found shortcomings in Swedish healthcare in this area.  During 2021 the eyecare department at one of Sweden’s largest hospitals received remarks on accessibility and service. The facilities were not adapted for visually impaired patients, and they felt a lack of insight into their needs. A joint project was started with the Swedish Association of Visually Impaired (SRF) to address these shortcomings. Four members with visual impairments visited the clinic to assess the facilities, in order to propose an improvement plan. The participants also completed a questionnaire, before and after implementation of changes, to evaluate if it had improved. The questions covered four aspects of accessibility in different parts of the hospital. To improve the patient interaction, SRF proposed awareness training for hospital staff. The training was led by visually impaired people, with the goal of increasing awareness about living with visual impairments. The training was followed by a study about the staffs’ experience on co-production and how future collaboration with patients could be done. The results show that all but one patient experienced an improvement in accessibility in all four aspects. One of the patients thought that three out of four aspects had improved. 23 employees completed the awareness training. The goal of increased accessibility was achieved; however, the goal of training 30 employees was not reached. The study showed that co-production is appreciated and was considered effective in achieving more equal healthcare.  The conclusion is that co-production led to both better accessibility and treatment. The project continues, and the goal is for all employees to complete awareness training this year. The project has secured funds for continued efforts for a more equal healthcare for eye care patients.

This dissertation consists of two largely stand-alone chapters. The first chapter presents a goal-activation theory of the antecedents of advice taking. I propose that three separate categories of goals - decision quality, social standing, and emotional well-being - influence receptivity to advice. Decision quality goals increase striving toward a good outcome in the decision for which the advice was given. Social standing goals focus attention on the social effects of the act of taking or rejecting the advice. Emotional well-being goals are related to establishing or maintaining a desired affective state. Each of these goals can be activated by attributes of the situation, advice, advisee, and advisor. Because they increase striving toward different ends, the goals direct attention to disparate advice-related cues and affect the evaluation of those cues. This results in different responses to advice. At the current time, nearly all research on advice taking has addressed decision quality goals and related cues. By presenting this theory, I hope to increase interest in a wider set of antecedents of advice taking. The second chapter reports a series of studies testing hypotheses derived from the theory presented in the first chapter. Specifically, I contrast the effects of an advisor's relative expertise to effects of the advisor's relative hierarchical position on advice taking. I hypothesize that the effects of expertise are driven by decision quality goals, while the effects of relative hierarchical position relate to social standing goals. I further hypothesize that advisees' conceptions of appropriate leader-follower relations (specifically, follower co-production role orientation; Carsten & Uhl-Bien, 2012) activate social standing goals, but not decision quality goals. Lastly, I propose that outcome accountability increases attention to decision quality goals and reduces attention to social standing goals.

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama klientų dalyvavimo Lietuvos seniūnijų paslaugose valdymo tema. Tiriamą problemą apibūdina klausimas: kokiomis priemonėmis turi būti valdomas klientų dalyvavimas, kad jie taptų viešųjų paslaugų bendrakūrėjais? Teorinėje darbo dalyje pateikiama klientų dalyvavimo paslaugose bei bendrojo paslaugų kūrimo samprata; analizuojami klientų dalyvavimo aktyvumą išreiškiantys lygiai; identifikuojami veiksniai, įtakojantys klientų sprendimą dalyvauti skirtinguose lygiuose; analizuojamas klientų dalyvavimo viešosiose paslaugose valdymas kaip atskirų, bet tarpusavyje susijusių veiklų atlikimas: atranka, mokymas, motyvavimas. Empirinėje darbo dalyje apklausus 600 aktyvių gyventojų dalyvavimo viešosiose paslaugose prasme, identifikuojamas viešųjų paslaugų bendrakūrėjų socio-demografinis portretas; nustatomas bendrojo kūrimo potencialas; identifikuojamos Lietuvos seniūnijose naudojamos klientų atrankos, mokymo ir motyvavimo priemonės; ekspertų interviu metodu nustatytos valdymo priemonės, kurios įgalina klientus tapti viešųjų paslaugų bendrakūrėjais. / Bachelor’s final paper analyses management of participation of customers in the services provided by Lithuanian township. The topic is defined by the question: what means should be used to manage customers’ participation in order they became public service co-creators. Theoretical part of the paper gives concepts of customer participation in the services and co-production; analyses customer participation activity expressing levels; identifies factors influencing customers’ decision to participate in different levels; analyses management of customers’ participation in public services like execution of separate but interlinked activities: selection, training, motivation. In the empirical part 600 respondents active from the point of view of participation in public services were interviewed; public service co-creators’ socio-demographic portrait is identified, co-production potential is established, customer selection, training and motivation means used in Lithuanian township are identified; expert interview method is used to find out the management means enabling the customers to become public service co-creators.