A carepa é um resíduo da produção de aço gerado principalmente nas etapas de lingotamento e laminação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a produção do coagulante cloreto férrico a partir da carepa oriunda da indústria siderúrgica. Em termos experimentais, foram realizados ensaios de solubilização da carepa avaliando-se o efeito da concentração de ácido clorídrico, tempo de reação e temperatura. Ainda, avaliou-se a oxidação do Fe2+, presente no liquor, para Fe3+ por dois métodos distintos, sendo adição de peróxido de hidrogênio e injeção de ozônio. A solução de cloreto férrico produzido a partir da carepa foi caracterizada e aplicada no tratamento de esgoto doméstico sanitário de uma instituição universitária. Como resultado, a melhor condição para a dissolução da carepa foi com o uso de uma solução de HCl 90%, tempo de reação de 2 horas a uma temperatura de 80oC. Nesta condição, a eficiência de dissolução da carepa foi de 90%. A completa oxidação do Fe2+ dissolvido no liquor para Fe3+ foi possível tanto com a adição de H2O2 como com O3. Contudo, o processo de ozonização apresenta vantagens, pois estequiometricamente é mais eficiente e não dilui a solução rica em cloreto férrico. A análise físico-química do coagulante produzido com a digestão da carepa com HCl 90% e oxidada com ozônio, após evaporação, atendeu ao critério de concentração de Fe de no mínimo 12% em volume. A aplicação do reagente no tratamento de um esgoto doméstico sanitário mostrou que é eficiente na remoção de sólidos suspensos e fósforo. Por fim o estudo mostrou que é possível produzir um coagulante a partir da carepa gerada na indústria siderúrgica. A prática sugerida neste trabalho pode reduzir a quantidade de resíduos deslocados para aterros industriais pela indústria siderúrgica. / Mill scale is a residue of steel production generated mainly in casting and lamination phases. The objective of this work was the production of the ferric chloride coagulant from the mill scale which comes from the steel industry. In experimental terms, trials of mill scale solubility were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of hydrochloric acid concentration, reaction time and temperature. After that, the oxidation of Fe2 +, present in the liquor, to Fe3 + was evaluated by two distinct methods, addition of hydrogen peroxide and ozone injection. The ferric chloride solution produced from mill scale was characterized and applied in the sewage treatment of a university campus. As a result, a good condition for the dissolution of mill scale was with the use of 90% HCl solution, reaction time of 2 hours, at a temperature of 80ºC. In this condition, the efficiency of mill scale dissolution was of 90%. The complete oxidation of Fe2+ dissolved in the liquor for Fe3+ was possible both with the addition of H2O2 as well as with O3. However, the ozonation process has advantages because it is stoichiometrically more efficient and does not dilute the solution rich in ferric chloride. Physico-chemical analysis of the coagulant produced with the dissolution of mill scale with 90% HCl and oxidized with ozone, after evaporation, answered to the criterion of Fe concentration of, at least, 12% in volume. The use of the reagent in the treatment of a sewer showed that it is effective in removing suspended solids and phosphorus. Finally, it is possible to produce a coagulant from mill scale produced in the steel industry. The practice suggested in this work can reduce the amount of waste sent to industrial landfills by the steel industry.

Se estudia la presencia de actividad fibrinolítica en los venenos de cinco serpientes peruanas empleando coágulos de fibrina formados a partir de fibrinógeno bovino y una enzima semejante a trombina de L. muta muta parcialmente purificada Los cinco venenos estudiados presentaron actividad fibrinolítica en ausencia de plasmina (rango: 16,3 a 57,5 U/h mg protefua), lo que demuestra la existencia de enzimas proteolíticas en los venenos de vipéridos peruanos, que actúan directamente sobre la fibrina. El veneno de L. muta muta presentó la mayor actividad enzimática específica (57 ,5), seguido en orden decreciente por B. barnetti (45,2),B.pictus (29,4), C. durisus terrificus (22,5) y B. brazilü (16,3). / We studied the presence of fibrinolytic activity in five dried peruvian snake venoms using fibrin clots formed by one partially purified fraction of Thrombin-like enzyme from L. muta muta. In all venoms studied, fibrinolysis were detected in absence of plasmin in the range from 16,3 to 57,5 U/h mgprotein. This results demonstrate the existence of proteolytic enzymes in Peruvian Viperid snake venoms that act upon fibrin. The L. muta muta venom showed the higher activity (57 ,5), followed in down order by B. barnetti (45,2) B. pictus (29,4), C. durisus terrificus (22,5) and B. brazilü venom (16,3).

yes / NOM deteriorates water quality by forming taste, clarification, colour, and odour problems. It also increases coagulant and chlorine consumption which can initiate disinfection by-products harmful to human health. The coagulation-flocculation (CF) technique is an established method commonly employed to remove NOM in water treatment. Plant-based coagulant products (PCPs) derived from plants like the Moringa oleifera (MO) Strychnos potatorum Linn and Opuntia ficus indica, have been studied and proposed as sustainable alternatives to chemical coagulant, like, aluminium sulphate due to their abundant availability, low cost, low sludge volume and disposal cost, and biodegradability. This review paper provides an overview of the most widely studied plant-based coagulants and discusses their NOM and turbidity removal. It investigates recent analytical tools applied in their characterisation and floc morphological studies. The paper also investigates the effects of operating parameters such as coagulant dose, temperature, and pH, on NOM and turbidity removal. It also reviews up-to-date PCPs biophysical properties and CF mechanism and examines the efficiency of their extraction methods in reducing NOM. Finally, it discusses and suggests ways to overcome commercialisation draw-back caused by nutrient addition.

Development of repellent surfaces which can supress bacteria adhesion, blood contamination and thrombosis, and non-specific adhesion on diagnostic devices has been a topic of intense research as these characteristics are in high demand. This thesis focused on design and development of omniphobic surfaces based on hierarchical structures and their application for preventing pathogenic contamination and biosensing. First, a flexible hierarchical heat-shrinkable wrap featuring micro and nanostructures, was developed with straightforward scalable methods which can be applied to existing surfaces. These surfaces reduced biofilm formation of World Health Organization-designated priority pathogens as well as minimized risk of spreading contamination from intermediate surfaces. This is due to the broad liquid repellency and the presence of reduced anchor points for bacterial adhesion on the hierarchical surfaces. Next, the developed surfaces were applied to minimize blood contamination and clot formation as well as facile integration of hydrophilic patterns. This led to droplet compartmentalization and was utilized for detection of Interleukin 6 in a rapid dip-based assay. Furthermore, in a review article the need for anti-viral or virus repellent surfaces and future perspectives were discussed as the global COVID-19 pandemic surged and attracted interest toward innovative technologies for suppressing the spread of pathogens. To address the pressing issue of non-specific adhesion in diagnostics devices, an omniphobic liquid infused electrochemical biosensor was developed. This was achieved by electroplating gold nanostructures on fluorosilanized gold electrodes. These electrodes demonstrated rapid and specific detection of Escherichia coli within an hour in complex biological liquids (blood, urine, etc.) without dilutions or amplification steps from clinical patient samples which are major bottle necks when rapid detection systems are sought for at the point of care. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Repellent surfaces have a variety of applications in healthcare, for coating medical devices (e.g. indwelling implants, stethoscopes, and other external devices.), coating hospital surfaces for blood and pathogen repellency, and for developing anti-fouling diagnostic devices. Furthermore, they can be applied in the food sector for limiting contaminations, and in public areas on high-touch surfaces to eliminate the spread of infection. Therefore, there is a need for repellent surface which can be easily applied to surfaces with various form factors while having an easy fabrication method. Featuring hierarchical structures on a heat-shrinkable material, a repellent wrap was designed to be integrated on existing surfaces and repel pathogens and suppress the spread of infection as an intermediate surface. Similar concept was used for designing blood repellent surfaces which were patterned with hydrophilic regions for a rapid dip-based biosensing platform. Finally, surface textures on conductive materials with liquid infused repellent coatings were investigated for electrochemical biosensing in complex biological liquids.

Pumice and the Moringa oleifera (MO) seed were investigated as alternative natural materials for drinking water treatment based on problems identified at the Stretta Vaudetto water treatment plant in Eritrea. Lab and pilot scale studies showed that pumice was a suitable alternative material for dual media filtration. Conversion of the sand filters at Stretta Vaudetto to pumice-sand media would significantly improve performance of the filtration units. The coagulant protein from the MO seed was purified in a single-step ion exchange purification method. The parameters for batch purification were optimized that can be readily scaled up. This will promote its use in water treatment. A small volume coagulation assay method was developed that simplified and expedited the coagulation activity experiments. MO coagulant protein (MOCP) possessed considerable coagulation and sludge conditioning properties as alum. It also showed antimicrobial effects against bacteria, some of which are antibiotic resistant. The coagulation and antimicrobial properties of MOCP render it important in water treatment.

<p>Pumice and the Moringa oleifera (MO) seed were investigated as alternative natural materials for drinking water treatment based on problems identified at the Stretta Vaudetto water treatment plant in Eritrea. </p><p>Lab and pilot scale studies showed that pumice was a suitable alternative material for dual media filtration. Conversion of the sand filters at Stretta Vaudetto to pumice-sand media would significantly improve performance of the filtration units. The coagulant protein from the MO seed was purified in a single-step ion exchange purification method. The parameters for batch purification were optimized that can be readily scaled up. This will promote its use in water treatment. </p><p>A small volume coagulation assay method was developed that simplified and expedited the coagulation activity experiments. MO coagulant protein (MOCP) possessed considerable coagulation and sludge conditioning properties as alum. It also showed antimicrobial effects against bacteria, some of which are antibiotic resistant. The coagulation and antimicrobial properties of MOCP render it important in water treatment.</p>

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-13T15:00:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Kilma Cristiane Silva Neves.pdf: 2678760 bytes, checksum: 781a39173a3ab80aeb45daef6f49b148 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T15:00:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kilma Cristiane Silva Neves.pdf: 2678760 bytes, checksum: 781a39173a3ab80aeb45daef6f49b148 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-19 / Fungal species are already available in the market and the mushrooms have been reported as producers of milk coagulating enzymes for cheese production. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth of Pleurotus florida DPUA 1534 and Pleurotus ostreatus DPUA 1533 in vegetable substrate to select a species with potential proteolytic coagulant for the application in the food industry. The results of vertical mycelial growth, although P. florida DPUA 1534 and P. ostreatus DPUA 1533 have colonized natural residues tested, P. florida DPUA 1534 was the species that showed a significant increase (p> 0.05) after 15 days given that determined the choice of this species for the production of the mushroom. In producing the substrate formulated based on cupuaçu bark supplemented with rice bran 20%, 20 mycelial inoculum discs (Ø = 10 mm) resulted in better biological efficiency (14.2%) and the remaining analyzes were performed with P. florida DPUA 1534 produced under those conditions. The analysis showed the mushroom highlighted in the following nutritional characteristics P. florida DPUA 1534 proteins (25.94%), carbohydrate (49.72%), iron (89.82%) and zinc (85.08%) and the presence of all essential amino acids. In the crude extract of the mushroom P. florida DPUA 1534 to coagulant activity and the AUC ratio was 67.68 and 2.15, respectively. Optimum activity was shown at pH 7.0 at 40 ° C. The enzyme extract was stable between 25 ° C and 40 ° C and at pH between 4 and 10 showed about 80 to 90% of activity in the first 90 minutes of incubation. The enzymatic extract showed susceptibility to inhibitors of the serine protease class (90%), metalloprotease (93%), cysteine proteases (92%) and aspartic protease (94%). The most effective compound was Pepstatin A, suggesting the presence of aspartic protease enzymes showing aspartic residues in the active site, indicating the possibility of its application in the dairy industry. Regarding toxicity results showed that P. florida DPUA 1534 produces proteases with biological activity on Artemia salina (LC50 = 25,5μg) and showed hemolytic activity in blood of sheep trading in ascending order with respect to extract concentrations (0, 2 to 1.0 mL), LC50 = 363,88μg and LC50 = 241,51μg after 1h and 24h of incubation, respectively. The in vivo test indicated that the extract when administered at a dose of 1000 mg.Kg-1 in rats, no deaths or clinical signs of toxicity in any of the treated animals did not cause significant changes in haematological and biochemical parameters when compared to the group control, and histological analyzes revealed no acute toxicity under the experimental conditions. Therefore, the extract of P. florida DPUA 1534 showed potential for use as coagulating milk. / Espécies de fungos já estão disponíveis no mercado e os cogumelos têm sido reportados como produtores de enzimas coagulantes do leite para produção de queijos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar o crescimento de Pleurotus florida DPUA 1534 e Pleurotus ostreatus DPUA 1533 em substrato vegetal para selecionar uma espécie com potencial proteolítico coagulante para fins de aplicação na indústria de alimentos. Nos resultados do crescimento micelial vertical, embora P. florida DPUA 1534 e Pleurotus ostreatus DPUA 1533 tenham colonizado os resíduos naturais testados, P. florida DPUA 1534 foi a espécie que apresentou crescimento significativo (p>0,05) ao final de 15 dias, dado que determinou a escolha dessa espécie para produção dos basidiomas. Na produção o substrato formulado a base de casca de cupuaçu suplementado com farelo de arroz 20%, inóculo de 20 discos miceliais (Ø= 10 mm) resultou na melhor eficiência biológica (14,2%) e as demais análises foram realizadas do cogumelo de P. florida DPUA 1534 produzido nessas condições. A análise dos basidiomas mostrou em destaque a seguinte característica nutricional de P. florida DPUA 1534, proteínas (25,94%), carboidratos (49,72%), ferro (89,82%) e zinco (85,08%), além da presença de todos os aminoácidos essenciais. No extrato bruto dos basidiomas de P. florida DPUA 1534 a atividade coagulante e a razão foi de 67,68 UAC e 2,15, respectivamente. A atividade ótima foi demonstrada em pH 7,0 a 40 °C. O extrato enzimático mostrou-se estável entre 25 °C e 40 °C, e na faixa de pH entre 4 a 10 apresentou cerca de 80 a 90% de atividade nos primeiros 90 minutos de incubação. O extrato enzimático mostrou susceptibilidade aos inibidores das classes de serino-protease (90%), metaloprotease (93%), cisteíno-protease (92%) e protease aspártica (94%). O composto mais eficaz foi Pepstatin A, sugerindo a presença de protease aspártica, enzimas que apresentam resíduos aspárticos no sítio ativo, indicando a possibilidade de sua aplicação na indústria de laticínios. Em relação à toxicidade os resultados demonstraram que P. florida DPUA 1534 produz proteases com atividade biológica frente à Artemia salina (CL50= 25,5μg) e apresentou atividade hemolítica em sangue de carneiro comercial em ordem crescente em relação à concentração do extrato (0,2 a 1,0 mL), com CL50= 363,88μg e CL50= 241,51μg após 1h e 24h de incubação, respectivamente. O teste in vivo indicou que o extrato quando administrado na dose de 1000 mg.Kg-1 em ratos Wistar, não ocorreu óbito ou sinais clínicos de toxicidade em nenhum dos animais tratados, não promoveu alterações significativas dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos quando comparados ao grupo controle, e as análises histológicas revelaram que não houve toxicidade aguda nas condições do experimento. Portanto, o extrato de P. florida DPUA 1534 apresentou potencial para utilização como coagulante do leite.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao _Leonora Milagre de Souza.pdf: 965865 bytes, checksum: e8839b11b69dccbdd9fd61b7554b691b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-21 / The residue generated in Water Treatment Plant (WTP) are derived from different stages of water treatment, especially the discharge of decanters. The most common practice in Brazil is the residue disposal directly into rivers, causing negative impacts to the environment. In general, the WTP have difficulties in managing the residue because the high costs of transportation and disposal, the steady increase in the consumption of chemicals, among other complicating factors. Aiming to reduce the coagulant used in the process and improving the characteristics of the residues for the outflow, this research examined the effects of biosolids application decanter of WTP in the processes of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation of water treatment. Through laboratory tests, using Jar Test, there were three series of tests, each one using gross water with distinct turbidity. In these trials were used differents dosages of aluminum sulfate and applied to WTP samples with different concentrations of total solids suspended (TSS). After the Jar Test, the decanted water was characterized as turbidity and color, solids and coliforms were not found significant changes in their quality. For most situations, the residue application in treatment has reduced the coagulant in the range 50% to 60%. The increased turbidity of gross water allowed the application of more concentrated residue without reducing the efficiency of treatment in terms of turbidity removal. Regarding the sedimented material in the Jar Test, the decreasing of the dosage of coagulant favored the reduction of the occupied volume by the material, independent of the concentration of residue applied. The specific resistance of sedimented material was higher when compared to the situation without the application in virtually all studied situations. For water with 100 NTU and implementation of residue greater than 7.500 mg/L, and water with 210 NTU and residue less than 8.600 mg/L there was improvement in the sedimentability. The dewatering ability of the sediments by centrifugation was also improved with the application of the residue with 3.642 mg/L and 75% of the coagulant, and 7.500 mg/L using 50% of coagulant. The chemical conditioning by nonionic polyelectrolyte did not improved in the dewatering of sedimented material, but in improving water quality supernatant. Based on this study it was noticed that the application of WTP residue in water treatment was satisfactory as for the analyzed parameters, considering the dosage of coagulant used and the residue applied. / Os resíduos gerados nas Estações de Tratamento de Água (ETAs) são decorrentes das diversas etapas do tratamento da água, em especial da descarga de decantadores. A prática mais comum no Brasil de disposição desse resíduo é diretamente em corpos hídricos, podendo causar impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. Em geral, as ETAs apresentam dificuldades no gerenciamento dos resíduos devido os altos custos com transporte e disposição, o aumento constante no consumo de produtos químicos, dentre outros complicadores. Visando a redução de coagulante utilizado no processo e a melhoria das características desse resíduo para o deságue, a presente pesquisa analisou os efeitos da aplicação do resíduo de decantador de Estação de Tratamento de ETA (ETA) nos processos de coagulação, floculação e sedimentação do tratamento de água. Por meio de ensaios laboratoriais, utilizando Jar Test, foram realizadas três séries de ensaios, cada uma utilizando água bruta com turbidez distinta. Nesses ensaios foram empregadas dosagens variadas de sulfato de alumínio e aplicadas amostras de resíduo da ETA com concentrações de sólidos suspensos totais (SST) diferentes. Após a realização dos ensaios de Jar Test, a água decantada foi caracterizada quanto à turbidez, cor aparente, concentração de sólidos e coliformes, não sendo verificadas alterações significativas em sua qualidade. Para a maioria das situações, a aplicação do resíduo no tratamento possibilitou a redução de coagulante na faixa de 50% a 60%. O aumento da turbidez da água bruta permitiu a aplicação do resíduo mais concentrado, sem reduzir a eficiência do tratamento quanto a remoção de turbidez. Com relação ao material sedimentado gerado nos ensaios de Jar Test, a redução da dosagem de coagulante favoreceu a redução do volume ocupado pelo material, independente da concentração de resíduo aplicado. A resistência específica do material sedimentado foi maior se comparada à situação sem aplicação do resíduo, em praticamente todas as situações estudadas. Para a água com 100 UNT e aplicação do resíduo maior que 7.500 mg/L, e água com 210 UNT e resíduo menor que 8.600 mg/L houve melhora na sedimentabilidade. O deságue do material sedimentado por meio de centrifugação também melhorou com a aplicação dos resíduos com 3.642 mg/L e 75% de coagulante, e 7.500 mg/L utilizando 50% de coagulante. O condicionamento químico por meio de polieletrólito não iônico não auxiliou no desaguamento do material sedimentado, e sim na melhoria da qualidade da água sobrenadante. Baseado neste estudo percebeu-se que a aplicação do resíduo da ETA no tratamento de água foi satisfatória quanto aos parâmetros analisados, devendo ser levada em consideração a dosagem de coagulante empregada e a concentração do resíduo aplicado.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-03-28T10:31:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marianamendesemello.pdf: 6168995 bytes, checksum: 9e3505f01c5eca1e88dcd93fe2bc9f65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-09T19:22:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marianamendesemello.pdf: 6168995 bytes, checksum: 9e3505f01c5eca1e88dcd93fe2bc9f65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T19:22:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marianamendesemello.pdf: 6168995 bytes, checksum: 9e3505f01c5eca1e88dcd93fe2bc9f65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A capacidade da cianobactéria Microcystis aeruginosa de formar colônias vem sendo apontada como importante característica frente a adversidades ambientais, como por exemplo proteção contra predação e a criação pela mucilagem de um microambiente favorável às células. Entretanto, a formação de colônias e seus mecanismos e vantagens ainda não são completamente compreendidos. Neste estudo o principal objetivo foi contribuir para a compreensão do papel de diferentes morfotipos (unicelular e colonial) na ecofisiologia de M. aeruginosa. Em ambientes naturais, florações de cianobactérias ocorrem predominantemente na forma colonial, entretanto, por questões técnicas, os experimentos são realizados tradicionalmente com culturas unicelulares. Portanto, a intensão desta tese foi contribuir para desenvolvimento de técnicas para o manejo de florações de cianobactérias utilizando uma abordagem ambientalmente mais realista através da realização de experimentos com culturas coloniais. Nossos resultados apontaram que a forma colonial de M. aeruginosa promoveu uma vantagem na proteção das células contra agentes químicos como peróxidos, de forma que a aplicação de doses mais altas pode ser necessária no caso de mitigação de florações com predominância de Microcystis colonial. Além disso, as doses de peróxido capazes de causar a liberação significativa de microcistinas (MC) pelo morfotipo unicelular não aumentaram a concentração de MC liberada pelo morfotipo colonial. Na avaliação dos efeitos dos antibióticos, o morfotipo colonial apresentou maior resistência ao antibiótico oxytetraciclina, enquanto que o antibiótico enrofloxacina afetou igualmente ambos os morfotipos. Além disso, o morfotipo unicelular desenvolveu resistência a oxytetracyclina mais rapidamente do que o morfotipo colonial. Desta forma, sugerimos que o rápido desenvolvimento de resistência ao antibiótico deve ser cuidadosamente levado em consideração. Por fim, ao testar o método de Flock & Sink, a aplicação de lastro removeu significativamente a biomassa do morfotipo colonial enquanto o morfotipo unicelular demandou a aplicação de lastro e coagulante. A conclusão geral da tese é que os morfotipos de M. aeruginosa influenciam significativamente o efeito de diferentes substâncias químicas utilizadas com o objetivo de controlar o crescimento de cianobactérias. Enfatizamos que para o manejo de florações de cianobactérias é necessária uma cuidadosa análise sistêmica e da comunidade de cianobactérias antes da tomada de decisões para a aplicação de medidas de mitigação. / The ability of Microcystis aeruginosa to form colonies has been identified as an important characteristic of the species to face environmental adversities, such as protection against predation and the creation by the mucilage of a microenvironment favourable to cells. However, the colony formation and their mechanisms and benefits are not yet fully understood. In this study, the main objective was to contribute to the knowledge of the role of different morphotypes (unicellular and colonial) in the ecophysiology of M. aeruginosa. In the environment, cyanobacterial blooms occur mainly as the colonial form but, due to technical issues, the experiments are traditionally carried out with unicellular cultures. Therefore, we intended to contribute to the development of techniques for cyanobacterial blooms management by using a more realistic environmental approach running experiments with colonial cultures. Our results pointed out that the colonial form of M. aeruginosa promoted an advantage in the protection of the cells against peroxides, so a higher dose application may be necessary for mitigating blooms in which the colonial form is predominant. Furthermore, the peroxide doses capable of causing significant release of microcystins (MC) by the unicellular morphotype did not increase the MC released by the colonial morphotype. Evaluating the effects of antibiotics, the colonial morphotype showed highest resistance to the antibiotic oxytetracycline, while the antibiotic enrofloxacin affected both morphotypes equally. In addition, the unicellular morphotype developed resistance to oxytetracycline more rapidly than the colonial morphotype. In this way, we suggest that the rapid development of antibiotic resistance should be carefully taken into consideration. Finally, when testing the Flock & Sink method, the application of ballast removed significantly the biomass of the colonial morphotype, while the unicellular morphotype required application of ballast and coagulant. The general conclusion of the thesis is that the morphotypes of M. aeruginosa significantly influence the effect of different chemical substances used to control the growth of cyanobacteria. We emphasize that for the management of cyanobacterial blooms is mandatory a thoroughly analysis of the system and of the cyanobacterial community prior to the decision making for an application of mitigation measures.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:54:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosangelaZampero-dissertacaocompleta.pdf: 820803 bytes, checksum: ec31de7b8b2d172d25dda29c7917c9ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-09 / The use of biopolymers extracted from plants in the clotting process has several advantages compared with chemical salts. Among the advantages: low cost and variation in the nature of the alkalinity of the water in the process, because the sludge generated after treatment has lower volume compared with the sludge generated with the use of chemical constituents. The specific study of wastewater generated in the industry of glass quenching calls attention to the high rate of waste sludge. The effluent is a major concern regarding the disposal or reuse. In this case, the hardening process studied uses 110,000 liters of water per month, which generates 40 tons / month of solid waste and consequently large volumes of wastewater. During the study the objective was to check the behavior of Moringa oleifera seeds as natural coagulant in the effluent liquid from the glass industry and water reuse in the process. / O uso de biopolímeros extraídos de vegetais no processo de coagulação tem várias vantagens em comparação com os sais químicos. Dentre as vantagens, destaca-se o baixo custo e o fato que não existe variação na natureza da alcalinidade da água no processo, pois o lodo gerado após tratamento apresenta menor volume quando comparado com o lodo gerado com uso de constituintes químicos. O estudo dos efluentes líquidos gerados na indústria de têmpera de vidros chamou a atenção pelo alto índice de lodos residuais. Este efluente é a grande preocupação quanto ao seu descarte ou reuso. Neste caso, o processo de têmpera estudado utiliza 110 mil litros de água por mês, que gera 40 ton./mês de efluentes sólidos e consequentemente grande volume de efluente líquido. No decorrer do estudo objetivou-se verificar o comportamento das sementes de Moringa oleifera como coagulante natural no efluente líquido da indústria de vidros e reuso da água no processo.