Didesnių ir konkrečių darbų apie Nagurskių, ypatingai Gorskių heraldiką yra mažai arba visiškai nėra, nors heraldikos šaltinių randama nemažai. Būtina pažymėti, kad šiame darbe siekiama nustatyti herbų, antspaudų priklausymą konkrečiam asmeniui, giminei, bei vedybinius arba giminystės ryšius, užimamas pareigas, gautus apdovanojimus. Šie nauji tyrimai ir jų rezultatai galėtų praplėsti žinias apie bajorų Gorskių ir Nagurskių gimines. Darbe siekiama išanalizuoti ir atskleisti Žemaitijos bajorų Nagurskių ir Gorskių heraldikos raidą nuo XVII a. iki XIX a. Atliekant tyrimą naudojami šių giminių XVIII – XIX a. herbiniai atspaudai ir ikonografinė medžiaga, kurioje pavaizduoti jų herbai. Būtina pažymėti, kad Lenkijos išeiviai bajorai Nagurskiai ir Gorskiai į Žemaitiją atvyko XVI a. Čia pradėjo kurtis, plėsti savo valdas ir giminiuotis su šio krašto giminėmis. Darbe aptartas heraldikos tradicijų susiformavimas LDK ir Žemaitijos kunigaikštystėje. Išanalizuota Nagurskių bei Gorskių Nalenčo (Nalęcz) herbų atsiradimas, raida ir naudojimas. Nagurskių herbas siejamas su lenkiškuoju Pobogo herbu, bei laikomas jo atmaina. Nagurskių herbe vaizduojama pasaga iš vidaus perverta strėle, šalme trys povo plunksnos. Gorskių giminės Nalenčo (Nalęcz) herbe vaizduojama surišta baltos spalvos skara. Herbo šalme tarp ragų pavaizduota moteris, vienoje rankoje laikanti vieną ragą, o kitoje rankoje kitą. Moters galva perrišta skarele. Šių šeimų herbai ir herbiniai antspaudai buvo puošiami įvairiais... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There are few or even no greater and particular works about the heraldry of Nagurskiai, especially Gorskiai, although sources of heraldry can be found. The work seeks to determine both the belonging of coats of arms, seals to a particular person, family and marital relations, kinship, occupied positions, received awards. This new research and its results could broaden knowledge about relatives of the noblemen Gorskiai and Nagurskiai. The aim of the work is to analyze and reveal the development of the heraldry of the noblemen Nagurskiai and Gorskiai from the 17th century till the 19th century. Performing the research, their armorial seals and iconographic material of the 18th-19th centuries which show their coats of arms are used. It should be noted that emigrants from Poland, noblemen Nagurskiai and Gorskiai, arrived in Žemaitija in the 16th century. They began to settle, expand their possessions and relate to people of that region. The formation of the heraldry traditions in Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Duchy of Žemaitija has been discussed in the work. The origin, development and use of coats of arms which belonged to Gorskiai and Nagurskiai have been analyzed. The coat of arms of Nagurskiai is related to Polish Pobogo coat of arms and is treated as its equivalent. The coat of arms of Nagurskiai shows a horseshoe which is pierced by an arrow, there are three plumes of the pavonine in the helmet. Nalenčo coat of arms belonging to Gorskiai shows a white shawl. The helmet... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:17:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 berg_tj_me_rcla.pdf: 9754495 bytes, checksum: 2a29ac3a460560573eb2a4a4d17e94a8 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Bandeiras e estandartes, escudos e brasões, hinos e canções não são simples composições artísticas e musicais idealizadas ao sabor dos caprichos e fantasias de poderosos reis, mandatários, governantes, países e regiões ao longo dos tempos. Ao contrário, esses símbolos refletem uma realidade histórica e, ao mesmo tempo, portam-se como uma crônica viva de um povo e de uma nação, sendo que nela também está embutido o espaço geográfico, suas influências e suas relações. Foi somente com a Constituição Republicana de 1891, que as províncias foram transformadas em Estados Federados e poderiam adotar de forma oficial, hinos, bandeiras e brasões, desde que não omitissem nesta hierarquia os símbolos nacionais; entretanto, o uso destes símbolos no Brasil já se fazia presente desde os primeiros séculos de colonização portuguesa. Ao se analisarem os símbolos estaduais brasileiros, encontram-se em suas estruturas semânticas e sintáticas fortes relações que envolvem representação da natureza, paisagem, lugar, economia, território e região. As conclusões deste trabalho apontam para o fato de que os hinos, as bandeiras e os brasões dos Estados brasileiros demonstram amplas possibilidades de pesquisa dentro da ciência geográfica, pois estes documentos simbólicos portam-se como “testemunhos” no espaçotempo, cujo caráter gráfico e narrativo revelou em suas múltiplas conexões com o geográfico uma nova perspectiva e possibilidade no que se refere à análise e desvendamento das formas culturais de representação espacial. / Flags and banners, shields and coats of arms, anthems and songs are not simply artistic and musical compositions which were created due to the vanity or fantasies of powerful kings, dukes, rulers, governors, countries and regions throughout time. Instead, those symbols reflect a historical reality and not only they stand as an alive chronicle of a people and a nation, but also they represent the geographical space, its influences and its relationships. It was only after the Republican Constitution of 1891 that the provinces were transformed into Federated States and they could officially adopt anthems, flags and coats of arms, as long as they didn't omit, in this hierarchy, the national symbols. However, these symbols had been already used in Brazil since the first centuries of Portuguese colonization. This analysis of the Brazilian States symbols, as well as their semantic and syntactic structures, aimed to demonstrate the strong connections involving the representation of the nature, landscape, places, economy, territory and regions. The conclusion of this dissertation shows that anthems, flags and the coats of arms of Brazilian States demonstrate wide research possibilities in the geographical science because these symbolic documents stand as “testimonies” in space and time, whose graphic and narrative character has revealed in its multiple connections with the geographical; a new perspective and possibility regarding the analysis and unveiling of the cultural forms of spatial representation.

La capacité de reconnaître des différences, parfois extrêmement ténues, entre chacune des têtes de bétail qui compose son troupeau, implique pour le berger Peul un long apprentissage. D'un berger devenu "expert" dans l'art de savoir lire des différences qui échappent à d'autres bergers moins expérimentés, l'on peut dire qu'il a le ganndal, le savoir. L'aptitude à saisir de menues différences entre les unités du troupeau sur la base de plusieurs critères (couleurs et "marques" de la robe, formes et dimensions des cornes, etc..) relève d'un ganndal qui, certes est très valorisé mais qui ne suffit pas à faire de l'homme qui a une telle aptitude, un véritable "savant". En revanche, la capacité à découvrir sous l'ensemble des traits qui font de tel ou tel individu une entité singulière, des formes d’agencements de signes au travers desquelles peuvent se lire les marques d'un destin, vaut à ce découvreur une réputation d'une toute autre nature. L'homme qui jouit d'une telle réputation est considéré comme une sorte de visionnaire du monde invisible, un Siltigui, et se trouve tout à la fois craint et respecté. On dira de celui qui a atteint ce stade de ganndal qu’il sait le sifa. C'est le sifa comme mode spécifique de vision et de savoir qui constitue dans la culture peule l'idéal intellectuel et éthique. Cet idéal n'est pas à proprement parler un idéal individuel. Chaque famille, chaque segment de lignage, chaque groupe local, chaque tribu, cherche à se valoriser en se prévalant du patrimoine de richesse que détient son groupe en matière de ganndal. Ce patrimoine est jalousement gardé et l'on prend toutes sortes de mesures pour empêcher les groupes rivaux de se l'approprier. / Learning to recognize the differences, sometimes extremely fine, between each head of cattle in his herd is a long process for the Fula cowherd. The man who has become an "expert" in telling differences that other, less experienced cowherds overlook is said to have ganndal, knowledge. The ability to notice tiny differences between cows by using several criteria (the color of the coat and "marks" on it, the shape and size of horns, etc.) is a form of ganndal that, though valued, does not suffice to turn the cowherd into a "true scholar". On the other hand, the ability to discover, under the set of traits identifying an individual cow, patterns that can be used to read the "signs" of fate endows the cowherd with a quite different reputation. The man with such a reputation is considered to be a sort of seer of the invisible, a siltigi; he will be both feared and respected. The cowherd who has attained this degree of ganndal is said to know sifa. Sifa, a specific form of vision and knowledge, constitutes in Fula culture an intellectual and ethical ideal. Strictly speaking, this is not an individual ideal. Every family, lineage segment, local group or tribe seeks to enhance its status through the heritage of ganndal to which it lays claim. This heritage is jealously kept with all sorts of measures being taken to keep rival groups from seizing it.

Orientador: Bernadete Aparecida Caprioglio de Castro Oliveira / Banca: Paulo Roberto Teixeira de Godoy / Banca: Zeny Rosendahl / Resumo: Bandeiras e estandartes, escudos e brasões, hinos e canções não são simples composições artísticas e musicais idealizadas ao sabor dos caprichos e fantasias de poderosos reis, mandatários, governantes, países e regiões ao longo dos tempos. Ao contrário, esses símbolos refletem uma realidade histórica e, ao mesmo tempo, portam-se como uma crônica viva de um povo e de uma nação, sendo que nela também está embutido o espaço geográfico, suas influências e suas relações. Foi somente com a Constituição Republicana de 1891, que as províncias foram transformadas em Estados Federados e poderiam adotar de forma oficial, hinos, bandeiras e brasões, desde que não omitissem nesta hierarquia os símbolos nacionais; entretanto, o uso destes símbolos no Brasil já se fazia presente desde os primeiros séculos de colonização portuguesa. Ao se analisarem os símbolos estaduais brasileiros, encontram-se em suas estruturas semânticas e sintáticas fortes relações que envolvem representação da natureza, paisagem, lugar, economia, território e região. As conclusões deste trabalho apontam para o fato de que os hinos, as bandeiras e os brasões dos Estados brasileiros demonstram amplas possibilidades de pesquisa dentro da ciência geográfica, pois estes documentos simbólicos portam-se como "testemunhos" no espaçotempo, cujo caráter gráfico e narrativo revelou em suas múltiplas conexões com o geográfico uma nova perspectiva e possibilidade no que se refere à análise e desvendamento das formas culturais de representação espacial. / Abstract: Flags and banners, shields and coats of arms, anthems and songs are not simply artistic and musical compositions which were created due to the vanity or fantasies of powerful kings, dukes, rulers, governors, countries and regions throughout time. Instead, those symbols reflect a historical reality and not only they stand as an alive chronicle of a people and a nation, but also they represent the geographical space, its influences and its relationships. It was only after the Republican Constitution of 1891 that the provinces were transformed into Federated States and they could officially adopt anthems, flags and coats of arms, as long as they didn't omit, in this hierarchy, the national symbols. However, these symbols had been already used in Brazil since the first centuries of Portuguese colonization. This analysis of the Brazilian States symbols, as well as their semantic and syntactic structures, aimed to demonstrate the strong connections involving the representation of the nature, landscape, places, economy, territory and regions. The conclusion of this dissertation shows that anthems, flags and the coats of arms of Brazilian States demonstrate wide research possibilities in the geographical science because these symbolic documents stand as "testimonies" in space and time, whose graphic and narrative character has revealed in its multiple connections with the geographical; a new perspective and possibility regarding the analysis and unveiling of the cultural forms of spatial representation. / Mestre

Un système d'Isolation Thermique par l'Extérieur (ITE) des bâtiments est un composite complexe constitué de plusieurs couches de matériaux ayant un grand contraste de propriétés physiques : plaque isolante, enduit renforcée par une armature en fibres de verre, enduit de décoration et de protection, etc. Les sollicitations environnementales et mécaniques que subit le système au cours de son cycle de vie conduisent à un état de contraintes différentes selon les différentes couches constituant le système. Cet état de contraintes est responsable du développement de désordres (fissures et décohésion) dans la couche de mortier de protection. Ces désordres ont un impact direct sur la durabilité du système dans son ensemble. L'objectif de cette thèse est ainsi de comprendre le comportement mécanique d'un système ITE dans son ensemble en nous focalisant sur la couche de mortier en tant que composant clef de la durabilité du système. Les mortiers ITE ont une formulation spécifique dont les propriétés physiques et mécaniques sont adaptées aux exigences du système complet. Généralement, un mortier ITE est d'origine minérale et modifié avec des polymères afin d'améliorer sa souplesse et son adhérence sur le support d'application. Nous avons considéré divers paramètres de formulation, toutefois, le cœur de cette étude concerne l'influence des poudres de polymère redispersable (PPR) sur le comportement mécanique d'un mortier ITE. Ces PPR sont utilisés dans la pratique principalement pour leurs propriétés plastifiantes et d'adhérence, mais ils ont également un impact sur la porosité du matériau, d'où l'intérêt d'utiliser la tomographie pour quantifier cet effet. Pour caractériser l'impact des PPR sur les propriétés mécaniques, nous avons utilisé l'essai de fendage. Les essais mécaniques sont couplés avec de l'imagerie optique en surface et tomographique en volume. Cela nous a permis de caractériser aussi bien les champs de déformation surfaciques que les modes d'endommagement en surface et en volume. Le technique de corrélation d'images numériques a été exploitée pour effectuer des études quantitatives. A l'échelle du système ITE, les outils mécaniques expérimentaux sont inexistants dans la littérature. Grâce à des essais innovants de flexion 3-points jusqu'à rupture sur des échantillons d'un système d'ITE, nous avons pu considérer le comportement mécanique du système dans son ensemble (isolant-enduit). Nous avons ainsi constaté un comportement de type "système" et non de type "matériau". Nous avons dans un premier temps mis en évidence l'impact significatif du type de revêtement de finition sur la réponse mécanique du système. Le comportement en volume (3D) a été également étudié à l'aide d'essais in-situ sous tomographe suivi d'une analyse de la cinématique par corrélation d'images volumiques. Nous avons notamment mis en évidence le rôle de l'armature dans la propagation de fissures dans le cœur du système. Enfin, nous avons proposé les premières tentatives de mise au point d'un essai à l'anneau multicouche permettant de générer des contraintes thermomécaniques pour qualifier les systèmes ITE. / Nowadays ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite System) are largely used to improve the energy efficiency of both new and existing buildings. They are complex structures composed of several layers characterized by different physical properties. Typical ETICS components are adhesive, thermal insulation material, reinforced basecoat (reinforcing glass fiber mesh embedded in it), finishing coat and/or decorative coat, and accessories, etc. During its lifecycle the system is meant to experience several environmental solicitations, including chemical, thermal and mechanical stresses. Each layer of an ETICS has a different response to these stresses, which may lead to development of disorders such as cracking or debonding in the finishing layer. These disorders have a direct impact on the durability of ETICS implementation. The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the mechanical behavior of ETICS. We focus in particular on the behavior of the basecoat, which is a key component for durability.Finishing coats of ETICS are specifically mix-designed to fulfill several requirements for the whole system. Generally, it is composed of a mineral mortar with additives, as polymers and fibers, to improve flexibility and grip on the final support. We considered various formulation parameters; however, the main focus of this study is on the impact of redispersible polymer powders (RPP) on the mechanical behavior of these ETICS mortars. Addition of RPP significantly increases the deformability and adhesion properties of the material. RPP also impacts the porosity of the material. Tomography is especially suitable for quantifying this impact. In order to characterize the impact of PPR on the mechanical properties, we used a splitting test. The mechanical tests are coupled with optical imaging and 3D computed microtomography (CT). This allowed characterizing the 2D deformation as well as the superficial and volume damage mechanisms. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique has been exploited to perform quantitative studies.To the best of our knowledge studies of the mechanical behavior of ETICS as a system has never been reported in the literature. In the present investigation 3-point flexural tests have been developed to deal with the mechanical behavior, including damage, of ETICS samples. The tested samples comprise both the isolating system and the different mortar layers. We in particular demonstrated the significant impact of the properties of the finishing layer on the mechanical response of the system. The behavior in volume (3D) was also considered through in situ flexural tests performed within a Tomograph. CT images were used to determine the 3D deformation field using the volumetric image correlation technique. In particular, we highlighted the role of the reinforcement mesh in the propagation of cracks inside the system. Finally, we present the first attempts to implement a simple test based on a multilayer ring that generates thermo-mechanical stresses, which may be used to qualify the durability of ETICS.

The operating efficiency and reliability of modern jet engines have undergone significant improvement largely owing to the advances of the materials science over the past 60 years. The use of both superalloys and TBCs in engine components such as turbine blades has made it possible for jet engines to operate at higher temperatures, allowing an optimal balance of fuel economy and thrust power. Despite the vast improvement in high temperature capability of superalloys, the utilization of TBCs has brought the concern of coating adhesion during their usage. TBCs are prone to spallation failure due to interfacial rumpling, which is driven primarily by thermal coefficient mismatch of the multi-layered structure. Although interfacial degradation of TBCs has been widely studied by detailed numerical and analytical models, the predicted results (i.e. stress state and rumpling amplitude) often deviate from that obtained by experiments. This is largely due to the lack of consideration of the influence of bond coat and substrate chemistry on the interfacial evolution of TBC systems. It is only in recent year that more and more study has been focused on studying the role of chemistry on the interfacial degradation of TBCs. The purpose of this PhD project is to clarify how the bond coat and substrate chemical compositions dictate the mechanisms of interfacial degradation, leading to the final spallation. A cross-sectional indentation technique was utilized to quantitatively characterize the adhesion of oxide-bond coat interface among 5 systematically prepared TBC systems. The adhesion of isothermally exposed oxide-bond coat interface was then correlated with different microstructure parameters, in an attempt to identify the key parameters controlling the TBC spallation lifetime. EBSD and EPMA analyses were conducted on the bond coat near the oxide-bond coat interface, in order to understand the relationship between the key parameters and specific alloying elements. The results clearly demonstrated that the phase transformation of bond coat near the oxide-bond coat interface plays the dominant role in the degradation of interfacial adhesion. Particularly, the co-existence of gamma prime and martensitic phases, each having very different thermomechanical response under thermal exposure, can generate a misfit stress in the TGO layer, and ultimately causes early TBC spallation. In addition, the phase transformation behavior has been closely associated with the inherent chemistry of the bond coat and substrate.

This article focuses on Baroque heraldry, specifically the phenomenon of galleries of coats of arms in the Bohemian lands during the post-White Mountain period. Using auxiliary historical sciences methods, three sets of coats of arms from 1660-1690 are analysed: 1. Heraldic coats of arms and insignia of benefactors on sixteen paintings of the Saint Wenceslas series in the Basilica of St. Wenceslaus in the pilgrimage area of Stará Boleslav near Prague; 2. A set of three painted coats of arms in stucco cartouches on the triumphal arch of the Chapel of the Virgin Mary and St. Charles Borromeo in the former Vlašský Hospital in Prague's Lesser Town; 3. Heraldic coats of arms and insignia on ten wooden plinths of statues of Bohemian patrons in the archdeanery church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Tachov. The article yields a series of named sets of coats of arms, and the identification of most persons to whom they belonged to, including a comparison with coats of arms presented in other sources (seals, designs on deeds for coats of arms, old prints). With the placement into a wider historical context and an analysis of the donor structure, the article also points to the composition of the elite at that time, stemming from a range of higher and lower nobility, clergy and burghers, and to the need to make...

Block copolymers (BCPs) are an attractive alternative for patterning applications used to produce next-generation microelectronic devices. Advancements require the development of high interaction parameter χ BCPs that enable patterning at the sub-10 nm length scale. Several organosilicon BCPs were designed to both enhance χ and impart an inherent etch selectivity that facilitates pattern transfer processes. Increasing the BCP silicon content both increases χ and bolsters the etch resistance, providing a pathway to designing new high-χ materials. Unfortunately, the BCPs investigated are not amenable to thermal annealing because the organosilicon block preferentially segregates to an air/vacuum interface and drives orientation parallel to the surface. A series of spin-coatable, polarity-switching top coats (as well as other strategies) were developed to provide a “neutral” top interface and promote the perpendicular orientation of BCP domains. In addition, a methodology for evaluating the neutral condition, relying on thickness quantization and the corresponding wetting behavior (i.e. island/hole topography) of lamellae. The top coat strategy was demonstrated for several BCP systems, and perpendicular structures can successfully be etched on commercial tools and be transferred into underlying substrates. The interaction parameter χ was evaluated using two methods to compare the performance of several BCPs: the order-disorder transition (ODT) of symmetric diblock copolymers, and the absolute scattering profile of a disordered BCP melt. Both methods, while severely limited for quantitative comparison, indicate trends towards higher χ with additional appended polar and organosilicon functional groups. Furthermore, the pattern fidelity is shown to be a function of the overall BCP segregation strength. The free energy of confined lamella was modeled algebraically to produce response surface plots capable of identifying process conditions favorable for perpendicular orientation. Thickness independent perpendicular orientation is only favorable using two neutral interfaces. Incommensurate film thicknesses are the most favorable, with commensurability conditions dependent on the wetting behavior at each interface. The modeling was supplemented with an extensive body of thin film experimental work that qualitatively agrees well with the above conclusions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_carlos_andre_bahry.pdf: 1649930 bytes, checksum: 5a801e0a506210fec9f7f5f02d60c77a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-12 / Soybean seed coats perform as a modulator of the interactions between internal structures of seeds and the external environment, which are vital for its quality. In order to perform a deeper study, four tests were performed. In Test 1, the expression of eight genes was evaluated, possibly related to the quality of the seeds, and express on the seed coats; on Test 2, the seed coats chemical composition was determined; on Test 3, the internal structure of seed coats was analyzed and on Test 4, physical and physiological traits of seeds were evaluated. Four contrasting soybean genotypes were used for the seed coat traits, two yellow seed coats, BMX Potência RR and CD 202, and two black seed coats, TP and IAC. The relative expression of the genes VINV1, SCB1, SCS1, SBP, LEGINSULIN, CHIA1, SGF14c e CHS8* was evaluated through the qPCR technique in seven phases of seed coat development, on the 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 days after anthesis. Concerning the chemical composition of the seed coats, the phenolic compounds concentration, antioxidant potential, anthocyanin, carotenoids and lignin were determined. For the structural characterization of the seed coats, two anatomic cuts of these in microtome and the documentation of the results were performed by the capture of images on the microscope. Seed quality was evaluated by the germination test and first counting, with and without immersion of the seeds; seedlings length, with and without immersion; emergence in soil; germination and emergence speed index, emergence speed; electric conductivity; a thousand seeds mass; seed coats mass; seed coats mass and seed mass ratio; size of the seeds; imbibitions; and radicle protrusion. Data were subjected to variance analysis and the means compared by the Tukey test on Tests 1, 2 and 4. On Test 4, concerning seed imbibition, a regression analysis was performed. Genes VINV1, SCS1, SBP and LEGINSULIN are more expressed in the early stages of development of the seed coats BMX Potência RR and the gene CHS8* in the final stages of the same genotype. The SCB1 and SGF14c genes are more expressed in early stages of development of the seed coats CD 202 and the CHIA1 gene in the final stages. The phenol concentration, antioxidants, anthocyanin, carotenoids and lignin are higher in the black seed coat genotypes. These also have a palisade layer and thicker hourglass cells than the yellow seed coats. Black seed coats genotypes, specially the IAC presented a higher physiological quality. BMX Power RR has higher seed hydration in comparison to the other genotypes on the first imbibition hours while TP has the lower; however, the latter and the IAC show radicle protrusion more fast. The lignin concentration in seed coats does not influence soybean seeds hydration. / O tegumento da soja atua como modulador das interações entre as estruturas internas das sementes e o meio externo, sendo vital para a qualidade destas. Para tanto, buscou-se estudar melhor essa relação através da realização de quatro ensaios. No Ensaio 1 se avaliou a expressão de oito genes possivelmente relacionados com a qualidade das sementes e expressos nos tegumentos; no Ensaio 2 determinou-se composição química dos tegumentos; no Ensaio 3 se analisou a estrutura interna dos tegumentos; e, no Ensaio 4 avaliaram-se as características físicas e fisiológicas das sementes. Foram utilizados quatro genótipos de soja contrastantes para as características de tegumento, dois de tegumentos amarelos, BMX Potência RR e CD 202, e dois de tegumentos pretos, TP e IAC. A expressão relativa dos genes VINV1, SCB1, SCS1, SBP, LEGINSULIN, CHIA1, SGF14c e CHS8* foi avaliada pela técnica qPCR, em sete fases de desenvolvimento dos tegumentos, aos 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 e 55 dias após a antese. Quanto à composição química dos tegumentos determinou-se a concentração de compostos fenólicos, potencial antioxidante, antocianinas, carotenóides e lignina. Para a caracterização estrutural dos tegumentos realizaram-se cortes anatômicos destes em micrótomo, sendo a documentação dos resultados realizada pela captura de imagens em microscópio. A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada pelos testes de germinação e primeira contagem, com e sem imersão das sementes; comprimento de plântula, com e sem imersão; emergência em solo; índice de velocidade de germinação e emergência; velocidade de emergência; condutividade elétrica; massa de mil sementes; massa dos tegumentos; razão entre a massa dos tegumentos e a massa das sementes; tamanho das sementes; embebição; e, protrusão radicular. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey nos Ensaios 1, 2 e 4. No Ensaio 4, em relação à embebição das sementes aplicou-se análise de regressão. Os genes VINV1, SCS1, SBP e LEGINSULIN expressam-se mais nas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento dos tegumentos de BMX Potência RR e, o gene CHS8*, nas fases finais deste mesmo genótipo. Os genes SCB1 e SGF14c expressam-se mais nas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento dos tegumentos de CD 202 e, o gene CHIA1, nas fases finais. As concentrações de fenóis, antioxidantes, antocianinas, carotenóides e lignina são maiores nos genótipos de tegumentos pretos. Estes também possuem a camada paliçádica e as células em ampulheta mais espessas que os tegumentos amarelos. Genótipos de tegumentos pretos, em especial o IAC, apresentam maior qualidade fisiológica. BMX Potência RR possui maior hidratação de suas sementes em relação aos outros genótipos nas primeiras horas de embebição e TP, a menor; contudo, este último e IAC apresentam protrusão radicular mais rápida. A concentração de lignina nos tegumentos não influencia a hidratação das sementes de soja.

El mundo se encuentra en un estado de cambio con las nuevas tendencias de protección del medio ambiente y las especies animales. En el Perú, estas tendencias toman fuerza con el reemplazo de productos de origen animal por materiales vegetales que se usan en la fabricación. En tal sentido, este trabajo se enfoca en desarrollar casacas fabricadas a base de cuero de piña, el cual es un material textil proveniente de las hojas de piña. Este método contribuye con el uso de elementos residuales del cultivo de esta fruta, potenciando el comercio de proveedores locales. Al mismo tiempo, se busca contribuir a la disminución de la contaminación provocada por la industria del cuero. Durante el trabajo de investigación para la validación de este proyecto se realizaron experimentos a base de encuestas, entrevistas, uso de landing page y concierge del producto. La metodología de validación permite delimitar el tamaño del mercado peruano para las casacas de cuero de piña. Se toman como potenciales clientes a las personas que buscan alternativas de vestimenta ecológica y a personas que sean afines al movimiento animalista. El potencial del mercado peruano según la información extraída en este proyecto es de aproximadamente 10 millones de soles anuales, los cuales resultan compatibles con las necesidades financieras y operativas para la fabricación y comercialización de las casacas de cuero de piña