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1	The Effects of Cognitive Strategy and Exercise Setting on Running LaCaille, Rick A. 01 May 2001 (has links) The cognitive strategies of association and dissociation have been identified and studied in runners and other athletes. Association is said to involve thoughts that are task-oriented and may include a focus on pace, strategy, or physiological sensations. Conversely, dissociation involves task-irrelevant thoughts and may include thinking about such things as relationships, work, spiritual matters, or scenery. To date, studies have been largely descriptive, methodologically flawed, failed to use manipulation checks, and/or present unclear or differing conclusions. The emphasis with previous association and dissociation research has also been with elite and/or endurance athletes, such as marathon runners. Additionally, only a few studies have included more than one exercise setting, and these investigations seemed to indirectly suggest that the exercise environment may influence the use of cognitive strategies, performance, and perceived exertion. In an effort to clarify the effects of cognitive strategies and exercise setting on several dependent variables, the current study investigated a sample of experienced recreational runners in a 3 x 2 mixed experimental design. Exercise setting had three levels (treadmill, indoor track, and outdoor route) and was a within-groups independent variable and cognitive strategy had two levels (association vs. dissociation) as a between-groups factor. The dependent variables were the ratings of perceived exertion, course satisfaction, and performance time for a 5 km run. The results indicated strong effects for the influence of exercise setting. The treadmill setting was rated as least satisfying, while resulting in the highest perceived exertion and slowest performance time. Alternately, the outdoor route resulted in the highest level of course satisfaction, while also yielding the lowest level of perceived exertion. For the dissociation strategy, the outdoor setting garnered the lowest perceived exertion, followed by the indoor track and treadmill, respectively, while with the associative strategy perceived exertion did not significantly differ among the settings. There were no overall differences in perceived exertion or course satisfaction between the cognitive strategies; however, there was a medium effect size and trend for the association group to run faster. The implications and limitations of these data are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided. cognitive strategy exercise running association dissociation Psychology
2	The Impact of Mediated Cognitive Strategies on the Reading Comprehension Performance and Self-efficacy of Palestinian-Arab Middle School Students with LD: A Mixed-Methods Research Zayyad, Muhammad M. January 2009 (has links) Thesis advisor: David M. Scanlon / The purpose of this mixed-methods research was to examine the impact of mediated cognitive strategy intervention on the reading comprehension and self-efficacy of Palestinian-Arab middle school students with learning disabilities. Eighteen seventh-grade students with LD who were placed in two self-contained special education classrooms and their two special education teachers participated in this experiment for eight weeks. A multi-cognitive strategy reading comprehension intervention (the Five Mediated Cognitive Strategies: 5MCS) based on existing cognitive strategy models was introduced. The two classrooms were divided into two conditions: a) an Extended Condition, in which students received the cognitive strategy instruction for the full length of the intervention while using culturally relevant texts at the fourth grade level, and b) the Reduced Condition where students received four weeks of traditional instruction followed by the cognitive strategy instruction combined with the same texts that were provided for the Extended Condition. All students were assessed for their vocabulary and comprehension at pre and post intervention using a standardized measure and researcher-made weekly tests for their comprehension. Further, the students were assessed for their self-efficacy in reading using self-report surveys at three times and focus group interviews at pre and post intervention. Repeated-measures ANOVA results indicate that both groups improved their vocabulary and comprehension from pre to post intervention on both standardized and researcher-made comprehension measures. However, the Extended Condition achieved statistically significant gains in comprehension at posttest, whereas, the Reduced Condition achieved significant gains in vocabulary at posttest. No significant differences were found between the two conditions by time. Mixed results were revealed for self-efficacy in reading comprehension. Students who were identified as good decoders reported an increase in their self-efficacy from pre to post intervention, whereas students with poor decoding abilities reported a declined self-efficacy at post intervention. Thematic analysis of interviews with the participating teachers revealed that they considered themselves and their students to have benefitted from the 5MCS intervention. Implications for the study are discussed and recommendations for further investigations are provided for policy makers and educators. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction. Cognitive strategy learning disabilities middle school Palestinian Arab reading comprehension self-efficacy
3	Reading comprehension strategies:the use of prior knowledge as a cognitive strategy by grade 6 learners in a primary school in the Lephalale area Lekota, K.B. January 2014 (has links) Thesis ( M.A. (English Studies) --University of Limpopo, 2014 / Research shows that successful readers make use of prior knowledge. This is supported by schemata theory (Herczog & Porter, 2012; Xigo-hui, Jun & Wei-hua, 2007; Zhang 1993). In this study, the researcher intended to increase the schema of the selected sample and test the theorem. Two groups were selected as samples comprising an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group had the advantage of being exposed to a topic over a month and on the day of the test the two groups were combined and the results from the test were analysed. The outcomes showed that the experimental group out-performed the control group proving that prior knowledge increases chances of comprehension. In the initial test both groups had performed poorly. Many learners in the experimental group would have performed better if they could comprehend the English language. The students who used their schema on the experimental group did better than those who did not. / the National Research Foundation Comprehension strategies Prior knowledge Cognitive strategy Primary school learners 372.10968 Learning ability Education,Elementary --South Africa
4	Exploring Students’ Adoption of Vocabulary Learning Strategies : A study of English majors at a university in China Hu, Xu January 2011 (has links) As fundamental components of a language, words are essential for successful language learning. Vocabulary learning strategies thus become a vital important field to be focused on. This investigation is based on the framework of O' Malley and Chamot' s (1990) taxonomy about language learning strategies, which include metacognitive strategies, cognitive strategies, and social/affective strategies. This study aims at studying the relationship between students' attitudes toward vocabulary learning, their vocabulary learning strategies and their vocabulary level. The participants of this study are fifty English majors from a university in China. A vocabulary test and a questionnaire are used so as to collect data from the investigated students. Finally, this study generates the following results: (1) the students hold a neutral attitude toward vocabulary learning, and they believe vocabulary learning sometimes is interesting, but sometimes not; (2) the students adopt all the three strategies, but cognitive strategies are most frequently used; (3) the correlation analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between the students' attitudes and their strategy use, the strategy use and their vocabulary level; (4) the successful learners are more positive as regards English vocabulary learning, and adopt learning strategies more frequently than less successful learners. Based on the findings of the investigation, some pedagogical implications are provided to suggest teachers encourage and help students to hold an active and positive attitude toward English learning, and introduce more learning strategies to promote the students' English acquisition. SOCIAL SCIENCES SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP Education Pedagogik
5	Factors Affecting Adult Mental Rotation Performance Nazareth, Alina 22 June 2015 (has links) Research on mental rotation has consistently found sex differences, with males outperforming females on mental rotation tasks like the Vandenberg and Kuse (1978) mental rotation test (MRT; D. Voyer, Voyer, & Bryden, 1995). Mental rotation ability has been found to be enhanced with experience (Nazareth, Herrera & Pruden, 2013) and training (Wright, Thompson, Ganis, Newcombe, & Kosslyn, 2008) and the effects of training have been found to be transferable to other spatial tasks (Wright et al., 2008) and sustainable for months (Terlecki, Newcombe, & Little, 2008). Although, we now are fairly certain about the malleability of spatial tasks and the role of spatial activity experience, we seem to have undervalued an important piece of the puzzle. What is the mechanism by which experiential factors enhance mental rotation performance? In other words, what is it that develops in an individual as a consequence of experience? The current dissertation sought to address this gap in the literature by examining cognitive strategy selection as a possible mechanism by which experiential factors like early spatial activity experience enhance mental rotation performance. A total of 387 adult university students were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions. The three experimental conditions differed in the amount and type of non-spatial information present in the task stimuli. Participant eye movement was recorded using a Tobii X60 eye tracker. Study I investigated the different types of cognitive strategies selected during mental rotation, where eye movement patterns were used as indicators of the underlying cognitive strategies. A latent profile analysis revealed two distinct eye movement patterns significantly predicting mental rotation performance. Study II examined the role of early spatial activity experience in mental rotation performance. Male sex-typed spatial activities were found to significantly mediate the relation between participant sex and mental rotation performance. Finally, Study III examined the developmental role of early spatial activity experience in cognitive strategy selection and strategy flexibility to enhance mental rotation performance. Strategy flexibility was found to be significantly associated with mental rotation performance. Male sex-typed spatial activity experiences were found to be significantly associated with cognitive strategy selection but not strategy flexibility. Implications for spatial training and educational pedagogy in the STEM fields are discussed. Mental Rotation Cognitive Strategy Strategy Flexibility Eye-tracking Spatial Activity Developmental Psychology
6	Effects of cognitive strategy instruction on the mathematical problem solving of middle school students with learning disabilities Daniel, Gretchen Elisabeth 07 August 2003 (has links) No description available. cognitive strategy instruction mathematical word problem solving
7	Development of a Prototype Multimedia Environment to Support Hispanic English Language Learners' Academic Learning Through Embedded Cognitive Strategy Instruction Manning, Jackie B. 18 February 2005 (has links) The number of English language learners continues to grow in United States' schools and their achievement level continues to lag behind their peers. This developmental study investigated the design and development of a multimedia environment that embedded cognitive strategy instruction to assist ELL students' academic content learning. High school ELL students face the hardship of preparing for various state mandated graduation requirements while learning the English language and learning strategies are believed to help ELL students improve their learning. The multimedia tutorial embedded rehearsal, elaboration, and compensation learning strategies to help the ELL students understand and recall information about state mandated computer competencies. Formative evaluation was used to gather data from five intermediate Hispanic ELL high school students in grades 9 through 11. Lessons learned from embedding rehearsal, elaboration, and compensation learning strategies in multimedia instruction and recommendations for future development are discussed. / Ph. D. English as a Second Language Cognitive Strategy Instruction Learning Strategies Multimedia English Language Learners Cognitive Information Processing
8	The Effects Of Synchronous Online Cognitive Strategy Instruction In Writing For Students With Learning Disabilities Straub, Carrie 01 January 2012 (has links) This study investigates the effects of self-regulated strategy development (Harris, Graham, & Mason, 2009) for cognitive strategy instruction in persuasive writing (POW+TREE) using a synchronous online learning environment for special education students. Participants are four adolescent students with learning disabilities (LD) with low achievement in writing. One undergraduate research assistant delivered instruction using a synchronous online platform (e.g., Adobe Connect) in conjunction with collaborative writing software (e.g., Google Docs word processing). A multiple probe across participants design was used to demonstrate a functional relationship between instruction and number of essay elements (EE). Number of correct minus incorrect word sequences (CIWS) was used as a secondary dependent measure. A nonexperimental pre-post design was used to compare the mean performance of holistic writing quality scores and standard scores from the TOWL-3. All four participants gained EE and CIWS from baseline to treatment and demonstrated standard score changes from pre to post-test on the TOWL-3. Implications for writing instruction for students with LD using online learning environments are discussed. Writing instruction learning disabilities online education synchronous online instruction cognitive strategy instruction multiple baseline design self regulated strategy development Education Special Education and Teaching
9	Psychologické aspekty navigace nevidomých / The Psychological Aspects of Navigation of the Blind Franc, Jakub January 2014 (has links) This dissertation thesis addresses the area of spatial navigation of the blind. The author theoretically deals with a complex interplay of psychological functions involved in spatial navigation with respect to the specific conditions of the blind. The empirical part of the thesis presents an experimental study in the population of the blind (N=44). This study focuses on effects of the stress recovery phase from shortly increased stress levels on the process of learning a new route. The experiment is placed in real-world settings and overcomes some of the methodological flaws typical for this research domain. The research evidence suggests that the recovery phase from shortly increased stress levels hinders the development of procedural knowledge of the route. However, this deterioration in route knowledge is not associated with the effects of the strsss phase itself, but affects only the recovery phase part of the route in which stress levels are returning to their original baseline levels (not necessarily the level of the resting conditions). Besides its theoretical conclusions, the value of the presented thesis is in its contribution to the advancements of research methods in the given field. The outcomes of this work are practically applicable to the development of navigation aids for the blind....
10	Maîtriser les stratégies de décision : positionnement prescriptif, ébauche et test d'un modèle-outil d'aide à la résolution de problèmes pour les dirigeants des organisations / Mastering Decision Strategies : prescriptive positioning, draft and test of a problem solving model-tool for managers of organizations Vachon, Marc 01 September 2017 (has links) Il existe une inefficience du processus de décision [...] due à un dysfonctionnement de compétence des dirigeants [...]. Pour augmenter l'efficience du processus de décision, les dirigeants doivent maîtriser les Stratégies de Décision, par l'utilisation d'un Modèle-Outil [...] PPPERFFS [qui] répertorie 36 Stratégies de Décision dans les catégories Domaines managériaux, Postures cognitives et Mécanismes cognitifs... / Inefficiency of decision process exists and is characterised by:- simple loop learning,- strictly limited rationality,- and hidden costs of the decision process.The inefficiency of decision process is due to a dysfunction of managers’ competence, who:- lose their decision marks,- lack reflexivity,- use Decision Strategies in beneficial and toxic way, such as:· lack of contradictory mindset (strongly validated hypothesis),· lack of perfectionism (weakly validated hypothesis).To increase the efficiency of decision process, managers should master DecisionStrategies, by using a problem solving support Model-Tool, integrator-facilitator ofDecision Strategies steering, and endowed with PPPERFFS qualities:- "Practical",- "Paradoxical",- "Polyvalent / Exhaustive" (Multi-Skilled / Comprehensive),- "Rapid / Fluent" (Fast / Easy)- "Faithfull" (Reliable),- "Schematic" (Diagrammatic).This Model-Tool has to be drafted and its performance has to be tested.[This has been done:]The drafted PPPERFFS Model-Tool itemises 36 Decision Strategies into the followingcategories: managerial Domains, cognitive Postures and cognitive Mechanisms. Firsttests demonstrate a contingent performance. Apprentissage Coût caché Esprit de contradiction Heuristique Leadership Méthodo-Épistémologie Modèle-Outil Paradoxe Perfectionnisme Prise de décision Qualimétrie Raisonnement constructif Rationalité Réflexivité Résolution de problèmes Routine défensive Stratégie cognitive Cognitive strategy Constructive reasoning Contradictory mindset Decision-Making Defensive routine Heuristic Hidden cost Leadership Learning Methodo-Epistemology Model-Tool Problem solving Paradox Perfectionism Qualimetry Rationality Reflexivity 300

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