The dynamical underpinnings of complex computation and information transmission within the brain, while of great interest to the neuroscience community at large, remain poorly understood. One of the striking manifestations of neuronal population activity is that of rhythmic oscillations in the local field potential. It is thought that distinct patterns of these oscillations such as cross-frequency coupling within a given spatial location and coherence between disparate brain regions may represent neuronal computation and communication, respectively. Here we show such dynamics within a human temporal neocortical in vitro model. In specific, we show theta-gamma cross frequency coupling in deep and superficial layers, phase coherence between layers at theta frequencies, and a measure of communication (phase dependent power correlations) between layers at theta frequency. Additionally, we show a novel correlation between communication across layers and cross frequency coupling within layers, demonstrating a dynamic link between local computation and intralaminar communication.

As the number of processors in multiprocessor system-on-chip devices continues to increase, the complexity required for full cache coherence support is often unwarranted for application-specific designs. Bus-based interconnects are no longer suitable for larger-scale systems, and the logic and storage overhead associated with the use of a complex packet-switched network and directory-based cache coherence may be undesirable in single-chip systems. Unidirectional rings are a suitable alternative because they offer many properties favorable to both on-chip implementation and to supporting cache coherence. Reducing the overhead of cache coherence traffic is, however, a concern for these systems. This thesis adapts two filter structures that are based on principles of coarse-grained coherence tracking, and applies them to a ring-based multiprocessor. The first structure tracks the total number of blocks of remote data cached by all processors in a node for a set of regions, where a region is a large area of memory referenced by the upper bits of an address. The second structure records regions of local data whose contents are not cached by any remote node. When used together to filter incoming or outgoing requests, these structures reduce the extent of coherence traffic and limit the transmission of coherent requests to the necessary parts of the system. A complete single-chip multiprocessor system that includes the proposed filters is designed and implemented in programmable logic for this thesis. The system is composed of nodes of bus-based multiprocessors, and each node includes a common memory, two or more pipelined 32-bit processors with coherent data caches, a split-transaction bus with separate lines for requests and responses, and an interface for the system-level ring interconnect. Two coarse-grained filters are attached to each node to reduce the impact of coherence traffic on the system. Cache coherence within the node is enforced through bus snooping, while coherence across the interconnect is supported by a reduced-complexity ring snooping protocol. Main memory is globally shared and is physically distributed among the nodes. Results are presented to highlight the system's key implementation points. Synthesis results are presented in order to evaluate hardware overhead, and operational results are shown to demonstrate the functionality of the multiprocessor system and of the filter structures. / Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2007-10-24 10:16:47.81 / Financial support for this work was provided by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Communications and Information Technology Ontario, and Queen's University.

This thesis is concerned with exploiting the native optical coherence tomography (OCT) contrast mechanism in new ways and with a new contrast mechanism, in both cases to enhance the information content of the tomographic image. Through experiments in microsphere solutions, we show that static speckle contains information about local particle density when the effective number of scatterers in the OCT resolution volume is less than about five. This potentially provides contrast enhancement in OCT images based on local scatterer density, and we discuss the experimental conditions suited to utilising this in biological tissue. We also describe the corrupting effects of multiple scattering, a ubiquitous phenomenon in OCT, on the information content of the static speckle. Consequently, we detail the development of polarisation-based metrics for characterising multiple scattering in OCT images of solid biological tissues. We exploit a detection scheme used for polarisation-sensitive contrast for a new purpose. We present experiments demonstrating the behaviour of these metrics in liquid phantoms, and in biological tissues, ranging from homogeneous non-birefringent to highly heterogeneous and birefringent samples. We discuss the conditions under which these metrics could be used to characterise the relative contribution of single and multiple scattering and, thus, aid in the study of penetration depth limits in OCT. We present a study of a new contrast mechanism - dynamic elastography which seeks to determine the dynamic mechanical properties of tissues. We present a framework for describing the OCT signal in samples undergoing vibrations, and perform experiments at vibration frequencies in the order of tens to hundreds of Hertz, to confirm the theory, and demonstrate the modes of measurement possible with this technique. These modes of measurement, including acoustic amplitude-sweep and frequency-sweep, could provide new information about the local mechanical properties of a sample. We describe a technological advancement enabling, in principle, measurements of local tissue refractive index contrast much deeper within a sample, than is possible with conventional OCT imaging. The design is based on measurement of the optical path length through tissue filling a fixed-width channel situated at the tip of a needle. The needle design and calibration is presented, as well as measurements of scattering phantoms and various biological tissues. This design potentially enables the use of refractive index-based contrast enhancement in the guidance of breast biopsy procedures.

Bakgrund: Att drabbas av sjukdomen Multipel Skleros (MS) påverkar personer olika och deras upplevelse av sjukdomen skiljer sig åt. Symtomen kan påverka den fysiska kroppen, välbefinnandet och vardagslivet. Begreppet Känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) lyfts och kan hjälpa personerna att hantera sjukdomen lättare. Sjuksköterskan ska även finnas med i hanteringen och hjälpa personen att finna en meningsfullhet i vardagen trots sjukdom. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa personers upplevelse av att leva med Multipel Skleros. Metod: En litteraturöversikt av induktiv ansats med tretton kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: I resultatet framkom två huvudteman med fem underteman. Att förlora en del av sig själv beskriver hur personers identitet, vardag och kroppsuppfattning förändras då kroppen kan kännas främmande och att livets mening förändras. Strategier för att hantera dagligt liv beskriver hanteringen och acceptansen av en ny livssituation. Kontrollen och förståelsen för sjukdomen ökar genom hjälpmedel, planering och sociala kontakter. Slutsats: Sjukdomen leder till en upplevelse av förändrad identitet och självbild samt att sociala kontakter och aktiviteter blir påverkade av sjukdomen på olika sätt. Hur sjukdomen hanteras är olika. Litteraturöversikten ger en ökad förståelse och kunskap kring hur personer med MS upplever sig själva och sin vardag. / Title: To live with Multiple Sclerosis; a literature review. Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) affects people differently and their experience of the disease is different. The symptoms can affect the physical body, well-being and everyday life. The concept of sense of coherence (KASAM) is lifted, this can help people to manage the disease. The nurse can help to manage and find the everyday life more meaningful despite illness. Aim: The aim was to highlight the persons experience of living with Multiple Sclerosis. Method: A literature review of inductive approach with thirteen qualitative articles. Result: Two main themes were found with five subthemes. Losing a part of itself describes how the identity, everyday life and body image change as the body feels foreign and that the meaning of life changes. Strategies for managing daily life describe the management and acceptance of a new life situation. Appliance, planning and social contacts is a help to get control and understanding of the disease. Conclusion: The disease leads to an experience of changed identity and self-image. Social contacts and activities are affected by the disease in different ways. The management of the disease is different. The literature review provides an increased understanding and knowledge of how people with MS experience themselves in their daily lives.

The primary objective was to determine whether there is a relationship between emotional intelligence, locus of control and sense of coherence in a market research organisation. A secondary objective was to determine whether individuals from various biographical groups differed significantly in terms of emotional intelligence, locus of control and sense of coherence. A sample of 179 participants completed the Bar-On EQ-i, Locus of Control Inventory and Sense of Coherence Scale. There was a statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence, locus of control and sense of coherence. No significant gender differences were found. Furthermore, the findings showed differences between occupational levels in terms of both internal locus of control and sense of coherence, but not for emotional intelligence. No significant differences were evident between education, work experience or age in terms of the three constructs. An emotional intelligence intervention programme was recommended, as well as the use of an emotional intelligence assessment instrument. Recommendations for future research included broadening the relevance of the results. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

This diploma thesis deals with phase and amplitude objects observation through scattering media by means of a coherence-controlled holographic microscope (CCHM). A brief history of development and construction of the microscope, its advantages compared to the classical light microscopy and hologram processing are described. Quantitative phase imaging through scattering media by means of ballistic as well as diffuse light is verificated in the experimental part. A comparison of an image obtained through a scattering layer by means of CCHM and a classical microscopy in the light field is demonstrated.

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Under hösten 2015 har fler människor än någonsin sökt asyl i Sverige utifrån en av de svåraste flyktingsituationerna sedan andra världskriget. Socialstyrelsen visar genom jämförelser i hälsa på vikten av att människor integreras när de kommer till Sverige eftersom det påverkar deras hälsa. Kommuner i Sverige har ett stor ansvar för det integrationsarbete som sker i Sverige. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur en mindre kommun arbetar med integration av nyanlända flyktingar. Jag har utgått från fyra frågeställningar: Vilket synsätt har kommunen på integration? Hur arbetar kommunen med integration? Vilka synsätt har de anställda i kommunen på integration? Har personalen inom kommunen kunskap om olika kulturer och finns det behov av vidareutbildning? Data till min studie har samlats in med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer med nio personer som arbetar med integration i den undersökta kommunen. I analysen av min studie har jag utgått från Antonovskys teori KASAM -känsla av sammanhang. Resultat av studien visar att kommunen saknar dokument för sitt integrationsarbete och att personalen har olika synsätt på integration, vilket påverkar deras sätt att arbeta med integration. Vilket leder till slutsatsen att kommunens synsätt på integration är av stor vikt då kommunens integrationsarbete utformas utifrån detta och därmed hur den nyanlände bemöts. Men där det också går att se att personalens synsätt på integration påverkar integrationsarbetet. Därför är det viktigt att kommunen arbetar med förståelsen av begreppet integration för att ge såväl politiker som personal samma utgångspunkt i sitt arbete med integration. / In autumn 2015, more people than ever have sought asylum in Sweden on the basis of one of the most difficult refugee situations since World War II. National Board shows through comparisons of health on the importance of integrating people when they come to Sweden because it affects their health. Municipalities in Sweden has a great responsibility for the integration work done in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to examine how a small municipality is working with the integration of newly arrived refugees. I have based my study on four questions: • Which approach does the municipality have on integration? • How does the municipality work with integration? • What approach has employees in the municipality on integration? • Have staff within the municipality knowledge of different cultures and is there a need for further training? The data for my study have been collected through qualitative interviews with nine people working on integration in the studied municipality. In the analysis of my study I have started from Antonovsky's theory SOC –Sence of Coherence. Results of the study show that the municipality lacks documents for its integration work and that staff have different views on integration, affecting their way of working with integration. Which leads to the conclusion that the municipality's approach to integration is of great importance when a municipal integration work formed the basis of this, and therefore how the new arrival is met. But where it is also possible to see that the staff's approach to integration affects integration efforts. Therefore it is important that the municipality is working with the understanding of the concept of integration to give both politicians and staff the same starting point in its work with integration.

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