Cette étude s'intéresse à la prise en compte des préférences des décideurs dans le cadre de la résolution des problèmes de planification. L'originalité de l'approche retenue consiste à représenter les préférences en utilisant un formalisme issu de l'aide à la décision multicritère à savoir un modèle MAUT (acronyme de Théorie de l'Utilité Multi-Attribut) couplé à une intégrale de Choquet. Ce formalisme généralise la notion de préférence utilisée en PDDL (le Langage de Définition des Domaines de Planification). Ainsi, l'extension PDDL3/MAUT proposée enrichit le pouvoir expressif du PDDL en permettant d'utiliser facilement un nombre quelconque de préférences numériques, d'agréger des préférences entre elles ou encore de considérer d'éventuelles interactions entre les préférences du problème. En conséquence, elle permet de représenter plus finement la complexité intrinsèque des préférences des décideurs. Par ailleurs, un algorithme pour la résolution des problèmes de planification avec préférences est proposé. Ce dernier est mis en oeuvre dans le planificateur ChoPlan qui a été développé dans le cadre de cette étude et dont les performances ont été comparées à celles des planificateurs de l'art. En outre, les travaux réalisés contribuent à la résolution de la problématique de l'interopérabilité des organisations en situation de crise. En effet, un système d'aide à la décision capable de supporter les décideurs lors de l'élaboration de plans d'action collaboratifs est présenté. Ce dernier permet de modéliser la situation à résoudre, les capacités des partenaires mobilisés ainsi que les objectifs, contraintes et préférences des décideurs. Les modèles ainsi réalisés sont ensuite transformés afin de générer un problème de planification avec préférences qui est résolu à l'aide de ChoPlan. / This study aims to solve preference-based planning problems. The originality of this work is to represent preferences using a formalism from multicriteria decision analysis namely a MAUT model (acronym for Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) along with a Choquet integral. This formalism generalizes the notion of preference used in PDDL (the Planning Domain Definition Language). Indeed, the proposed PDDL3/MAUT extension improves the PDDL expressiveness by allowing to use any number of numeric preferences, aggregating preferences and considering interactions between preferences. As a consequence, it can represent more accurately the intrinsic complexity of decision-makers preferences. Furthermore, an algorithm for preference-based planning has been designed. It has been used to implement a planner named ChoPlan whose performances have been compared to state of the art planners. In addition, this work adresses the problem of organization’s interoperability in crisis management. Indeed, a decision aid system supporting decision-makers during the design of collaborative plans is presented. It helps stakeholders to model the situation to solve, the responders’ capabilities as well as objectives, constraints and preferences of the decision-makers. These models are then processed to generate a preference-based planning problem that is solved using the ChoPlan planner.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:00:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaimundoNSC_DISSERT_capa_ate_pag119.pdf: 4594367 bytes, checksum: 75a4c51575c6e783de6a1d0738bac5cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-19 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / This research is a result of the theatrical Street show named A ?rvore dos Mamulengos, an appropriation of the drama text by Vital Santos, this presentation was done from 1989 to 2001, with the Companhia Escarc?u de Teatro, in the city of Mossor?/RN, Brazil. The intention here is to mapping the voices and memories of actors and actresses who have experienced the performance, the developments and achievements which resulted from twelve years of the season. In our study, we consider the importance of the choice for the open space such as streets and squares as the main local for representation considering it as a catalyst factor of aesthetic choice. However, we`ve consider the option for the collaborative process as the methodology staging by interpreters, as well as, the social and cultural determinants that were taking place deeming the realization of the spectacle / A pesquisa que ora apresentamos ? resultado da an?lise da montagem do espet?culo teatral de rua intitulado A ?rvore dos Mamulengos, decorrente da apropria??o do texto dramat?rgico de autoria de Vital Santos, mantido em temporada durante os anos de 1989 e 2001, pela Companhia Escarc?u de Teatro, na cidade de Mossor?/RN. Mapeamos a partir das vozes e mem?rias dos atores e atrizes que vivenciaram a experi?ncia da encena??o, os desdobramentos e conquistas decorrentes dos doze anos da temporada. Em nosso estudo consideramos a import?ncia da op??o pelo espa?o aberto de ruas e pra?as, local da representa??o do espet?culo, como fator catalisador das escolhas est?ticas do grupo e da ado??o do processo colaborativo como metodologia de trabalho pelos realizadores da encena??o, bem como, os determinantes s?cios culturais locais em que o espet?culo foi realizado

A presente pesquisa tem por objeto os processos colaborativos e interacionais de construção do conhecimento em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Discute a formação humana em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem numa perspectiva democrática. Parte da análise do homem que se quer formar para transformar a atual sociedade capitalista desigual numa sociedade mais igualitária. Sob este aspecto, analisa-se também a educação que se faz necessária. Como todo esforço dialético, traz à tona algumas contradições que serão importantes para a melhor compreensão da atualidade e para a busca de caminhos alternativos. Por fim, analisa a Educação Online como caminho democrático de educação, destacando indicativos para o desenvolvimento de uma proposta que privilegie os processos colaborativos e interacionais de construção do conhecimento em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. A metodologia usada é o Estudo de Caso, em uma perspectiva longitudinal e qualitativa, com abordagem sócio-histórica. A coleta de dados envolveu a observação participante e a análise documental. O tratamento dos dados utiliza a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que a educação online, pautada em processos colaborativos e interacionais de construção do conhecimento, além de mais democrática é mais eficaz em relação à aprendizagem que o ensino a distância mais tradicional, de perspectiva instrucional. Além disso, apontam seis indicativos fundamentais para a elaboração de propostas de educação online: o conceito claro de educação online; a consciência de que as tecnologias são do homem e como tal podem favorecer a emancipação humana; a profissionalização docente; a integração dos saberes docentes; a importância da configuração do AVA; e a necessidade de práticas pedagógicas que alternem trabalho autônomo com trabalho colaborativo. / This research aims at the interactional and collaborative processes of knowledge construction in virtual learning environment. It discusses the human formation in virtual learning environment in a democracy. The work starts from the analysis of the man a contemporary society intends to form in order to transform the unequal present-day capitalist society into a more egalitarian one. In this respect, it also examines the education that is necessary for it. As every dialectical effort, it brings to light some contradictions that will be important for a better understanding of the present and for the search for alternative paths. Finally, it analyses Online Education as a path for democratic education, highlighting the development of a proposal to focus on interactional and collaborative processes of knowledge construction in virtual learning environment. The methodology used is Case Study, in a longitudinal and qualitative perspective, with a socio-historical approach. The data collection involved participant observation and document analysis. The processing of data uses content analysis. The results indicate that online education, based on collaborative and interactional processes of knowledge construction, besides being more democratic, it is more effective in relation to learning than the more traditional distance education, with an instructional approach. In addition, six key indicators point to draw up proposals for online education: the concept of online education course, aware that the technologies are human and as such may promote human emancipation, the professionalization, the integration of knowledge teachers , the importance of setting the AVA, and the need for teaching practices that work standalone switch with collaborative work.

A primeira parte da tese investiga os deslocamentos da narrativa na obra de Luís Alberto de Abreu, em elementos de suas peças teatrais, em seus roteiros de cinema e nas implicações de processos em dinâmica coletiva de criação. Partindo de sua ideia de uma restauração da narrativa épica e com características orais no âmbito do teatro, este trabalho analisa a narratividade como criadora de imagens no personagem narrador, na \"imagem cheia\" dos roteiros e na configuração mais recente de um narrador em trânsito, distante da configuração de personagem como uma individualidade. Visando oferecer um campo teórico-prático de discussão às questões da narratividade e das relações criativas entre atores e dramaturgo em processo de criação teatral de dinâmica coletiva, a segunda parte da tese trata da realização de um laboratório de criação entre dramaturga e atores. Nele, foram desenvolvidos quatro eixos propositivos de criação dramatúrgica, de acordo com o ponto de partida e diferentes procedimentos: a lei do material, o território de criação dos atores, as composições da dramaturga e (Contra) dispositivos dramatúrgicos. Por fim, à luz das experiências do laboratório, configura uma ideia de cartografia que tem principalmente no dramaturgo aquele que rascunha e traceja mapas, aproximando sua ação criativa do gesto primordial do narrador. / The first part of the thesis investigates the narrative shifts in the work of Luis Alberto de Abreu, in elements of his plays and in his film scripts and the implications of the processes in the dynamics of the collective creation. Departing from his idea of restoration of the epic narrative and with oral characteristics of the theater, this part of the thesis analyzes the narrativity as the creator of images upon the narrator, in the \"full picture\" of the scripts and upon the newest configuration of a narrator in process, distant from the configuration of the character as an individual. Aiming at offering a theoretical and practical field of discussion to the questions of narrativity and the creative relationships between actors and playwright in a process of collective dynamics of theatrical creation, the second part of the thesis deals with the realization of a creative laboratory between playwright and actors. In this, four propositional axis for dramaturgical creation were developed according to the starting point and different procedures: the law of the material, the territory of creation of the actors, the compositions of the playwright and dramaturgical (counter) devices. Finally, in the light of the laboratory experiments, an idea of cartography begins to set up that has mainly playwright who drafts and outlines maps, bringing together his creative action of the primordial gesture of the narrator.

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans la continuité du travail poursuivi en Master 2 dans cette même université, dont le mémoire, soutenu en 2009, s’intitule « Du théâtre d’après un texte vers le texte d’après un théâtre ; dramaturgie et collectivité ». Son but est de problématiser la dichotomie texte-scène ainsi que la pensée binaire qui persiste encore derrière cette opposition. Pour cela, il s’agira d’interroger l’évolution et les différentes acceptions des concepts de dramaturgie ainsi que les changements qu’ont subi la place et les fonctions du dramaturge au sein de la création théâtrale actuelle. La définition/proposition des termes dramaturgisme et dramaturgiste – aussi bien au sein de l’institution qu’à celui de la création théâtrale – aideront à mieux distinguer ces concepts tout en les relativisant à la lumière des nouvelles manières de concevoir la création dramaturgique et les nouveaux paradigmes relationnels au sein des compagnies depuis une vingtaine d’années. L’idée de composition,tout comme celles de contrepoint et cartographie, nous seront, ici, autant d’outils pour mieux comprendre ces nouveaux territoires dramaturgiques.Il s’agit d’identifier, comparer et analyser les processus structurels et organisationnels de quelques compagnies théâtrales – notamment la création collective et surtout le processus collaboratif, surgi au Brésil dès la seconde moitié des années 1990 – qui,contrairement à la tendance actuelle (vérifiable au cours des vingt dernières années) tournent le dos au texte dramatique préexistant, à savoir le fait d’un auteur dramatique considéré comme tel, et construisent leur propre dramaturgie, issue de l’improvisation, de la recherche immédiate sur le plateau et du travail collectif. La dramaturgie prend ainsi un « troisième sens » qu’il convient de définir et théoriser à l’aide d’exemples concrets et d’un travail de terrain approfondi auprès de metteurs en scène, dramaturges et comédiens qui pratiquent une écriture plurielle et présentielle, sans cesse renouvelée. Quelle place possible pour la création textuelle, affranchie de tout rapport de force ou « dictature de sens » ? À quel point ces nouveaux processus déjouent ou rejouent le binarisme texte-scène ? / This research is the continuity of the Master’s work undertaken in this University and moreover of a dissertation defended in 2009 entitled « From Theatre from Text to Text fromTheatre ; dramaturgy and collectivity ». The aim is to question the dichotomy between the text and the stage as well as the generally binary thinking behind it. In order to do so we will inquire into the different pre-established concepts of dramaturgy and their evolution, and the changes in the functions and position of the dramaturge in contemporary theatre. The definition/suggestion of the terms dramaturgism and dramaturgist, in both contexts of theatrical institution and stage creation, will help better distinguish these ideas that we shall place in the perspective of new dramaturgical concepts as well as new paradigms of relationships within theatre companies in the past 20 years. The terms « composition »,« counterpoint » and « cartography » shall help us to understand these new dramaturgical territories.The aim is to identify, analyze and compare the structural and organizational processes (notably collective creation and specifically the collaborative process, as it emerged in Brazil in the second half of the 90’s) of a few theatre companies that (against thecurrent of the last twenty years) have veered away from pre-existing dramaturgical text and the idea of a theatrical author regarded as such, and have constructed their own unique dramaturgy from improvisation, immediate research within the space and the collective work. Dramaturgy is thus given a « third meaning » that needs to be defined and theorized with specific examples and extensive research with directors, dramaturges and actors who practice this present, plural and continuously renewed writing. What space is this where « the invention of writing » can exist free from binary thinking or « dictatorship of meaning » ? To what extent can these new processes redo or undo the dichotomous pair : text and stage ?

La réponse aux situations de crise routière hivernale est gérée en France au niveau zonal par les Centres Régionaux d'Information et de Coordination Routière (CRICR). Le pilotage de ces crises est réalisé à une échelle multi départementale et fait intervenir de multiples parties prenantes (gestionnaires routiers, préfectures, forces de l'ordre...). La coordination de ces acteurs hétérogènes apparaît donc comme indispensable pour assurer une réponse efficace à la situation de crise. C'est le rôle de la cellule de crise, de garantir cette coordination afin de permettre une bonne exécution de la réponse. C'est surtout son rôle d'assurer la qualité de la réponse quelque soient les aléas et les perturbations rencontrées. Malheureusement, force est de constater que les acteurs en présence ne disposent pas des outils adéquats pour atteindre ces objectifs. Les présents travaux de thèse ambitionnent d'améliorer cette situation par la mise en place d'un système d'information de médiation agile. Celui-ci repose sur la constitution d'une base de connaissances (ontologie), alimentée à partir de la collecte de données issues de systèmes d'information hétérogènes, pour permettre la définition tactique d'une solution adaptée de réponse allant jusqu'à la formalisation des processus collaboratifs à mettre en œuvre. La réalisation de la collaboration s'assoit alors sur une orchestration informatique de ces processus. Dans notre proposition, la détection "à chaud" de problèmes et les recommandations d'adaptation générées soutiennent le pilotage « réactif » de la réponse dans un environnement complexe et particulièrement instable. Cette fonctionnalité est complétée par un système capable de détecter a priori les problèmes, en établissant une projection de la situation courante (crise et réponse) à partir des éléments dont la cellule de crise dispose. Cette projection donne lieu à une évaluation de la situation future et contribue à la conception d'une nouvelle réponse. Ces mécanismes permettent un pilotage « anticipatif » de la gestion de crise. Les résultats de cette thèse ont été principalement développés et validés dans le cadre du projet PREDIT SIM-PeTra sur l'amélioration de la coordination dans la gestion des crises par la mise en place d'un Système d'Information de Médiation dans le cadre de Perturbations dans les Transports. / In France, the response to winter road emergencies are managed by Regional Centres for Information and Road Coordination (CRICR). The management of these crises is performed at a multi county level and involves multiple stakeholders (road operator, local representative of national authority, police…). Therefore, the coordination of such heterogeneous actors must be assumed by the crisis cell to ensure an effective response. The crisis cell has also to provide a good response facing hazards and disturbances encountered. Unfortunately, it is clear that the involved actors do not have a relevant and adequate set of ICT tools to achieve these goals. This thesis aims at improving this situation by setting up an agile mediation information system. This is based on the creation of a knowledge base (structured as an ontology), fed from the gathering of data from all the available heterogeneous information systems, to enable the tactical definition of a suitable response. The final goal is to formalize this response as collaborative processes to implement and to orchestrate through a computer system. In our proposal, detecting "hot" issues (such as disruptions or unexpected events) and making recommended adaptation support the "reactive" control of the response in a complex and highly unstable environment. This feature is completed by a system able to detect a priori problems, by establishing a projection of the current situation (crisis response), based on the collected forecasts owned by the crisis manager (traffic, weather, etc.). This projection leads to an assessment of the future situation and contributes to the design of a new response. This mechanism allows a " proactive " oversight of crisis management. The results of this PhD have mainly been developed and validated in the SIM Petra project (funded by PREDIT) regarding the establishment of a Mediation Information System to improve the coordination of the management of crisis concerning disruptions in transport.

La complexité des systèmes urbains est un défi constant pour les acteurs qui y sont confrontés. L’appréciation de ce phénomène est largement conditionnée par la posture (usager, technicien, pouvoir public, chercheur) et le bagage culturel, disciplinaire et professionnel, comme en rend compte une littérature pluridisciplinaire prolifique. Sur le plan de la recherche, multiplier les regards sur les systèmes complexes contribue à déceler des pistes de développements originales. Cette thèse est le fruit d’une rencontre entre le génie industriel, les sciences politiques et l’urbanisme autour d’une logique de transfert technologique. En effet, les technologies de la conception, notamment collaborative, et de l’innovation centrée-utilisateur sont parmi les réponses du génie industriel aux problématiques générées par la complexité et auxquelles doit faire face le monde industriel. Notre analyse nous amène alors à considérer le potentiel que représente l’adaptation de la conception collaborative distribuée (CCD). En conséquence, nous formulons des outils, des méthodes et un environnement nécessaires au développement d’une CCD dédiée aux projets urbains afin de favoriser leur acceptabilité globale et durable. Ces travaux posent alors la question de la place accordée à l’usager final dans le processus de conception des projets urbains. Dans ce cadre, les sciences politiques nous aident à comprendre les rapports entre citoyens et experts. Ce faisant nous pouvons poser les bases d’une approche collaborative dès la phase de conceptualisation car celle-ci influence l’ensemble du développement des projets. Plus globalement, le collaboratif participe à l’émergence de villes durables / The complexity of urban systems is a constant challenge for the actors who are confronted with it. Prolific multidisciplinary literature shows the appreciation of this phenomenon is widely conditioned by personal culture, disciplinary knowledge and professional know-how. From a research angle, analyzing complex systems from various points of view (user, technician, public authority, researcher) helps generate original development opportunities. This thesis results from a meeting between industrial engineering, political sciences and town planning around a logic of technology transfer. Indeed, the technologies of collaborative design and user-centric innovation are among the answers industrial engineering brings to problems generated by complexity. Our analysis brings us then to consider the potential that the adaptation of distributed collaborative design (DCD) represents. Consequently, we formulate tools, methods and one specific environment necessary for the development of a DCD dedicated to urban projects to facilitate their global and sustainable acceptability. These studies ask subsequently the question of role which should be given to the final user in the urban project design process. Political sciences help us to understand the relations between citizens and experts. This gives us elements to develop a collaborative approach from the conceptualization phase as this impacts the whole development of the projects. More globally, such collaborative processes may contribute to the emergence of sustainable cities

Quand des entreprises collaborent entre elles pour atteindre leurs objectifs métiers, des problèmes d'interopérabilité seront rencontrés. Afin de résoudre ces problèmes, nous étudions les domaines suivants : les processus métier collaboratifs, MDA, SOA, ESB et l'ontologie. Nous proposons alors un cadre intégrant ces cinq domaines pour les solutions TI (technologies de l’'information) aux problèmes d'interopérabilité. Pour construire ce cadre, nous proposons une Méthode Basée sur des Processus pour l'Interopérabilité d'Entreprise (MBPIE), qui utilise des processus collaboratifs pour représenter des exigences de collaboration. MBPIE transforme des processus collaboratifs en plusieurs processus d'interopérabilité exécutables par des transformations de modèles. En MBPIE, l'ontologie est utilisée pour annoter les processus collaboratifs. Pendant la transformation des processus, de nouvelles informations ontologiques sont ajoutées dans les processus pour les rendre exécutables. Nous avons conçu un bus de services sémantiques Basé sur l'Ontologie et Dirigé par des Buts (BODB) pour supporter l'exécution des processus d'interopérabilité. Ce bus est basé sur un mécanisme symétrique pour l'invocation de services sémantiques. Ce mécanisme utilise l’extension de SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) qui est composée de trois parties : le format des messages BODB, le module BODB et le modèle de traitement BODB. Ce mécanisme a trois propriétés de transparence (emplacement, sémantique et technique) qui sont essentielles à l'exécution des processus d'interopérabilité. Ensemble, MBPIE et le bus constituent une approche fédérée pour résoudre les problèmes d'interopérabilité. / When enterprises collaborate with others to achieve business objectives, enterprise interoperability problems will be encountered. In order to solve the problems, in this thesis, we analyze the five related research domains: collaborative business process, MDA, SOA, ESB and ontology. Consequently, we propose a framework for IT solutions to interoperability problems, which integrates the above five domains together. In order to realize the framework, we propose a Process-Based Method for Enterprise Interoperability (PBMEI), which employs collaborative processes to represent collaboration requirements between enterprises. PBMEI transforms collaborative processes into multiple executable interoperability processes through model transformations. In PBMEI, ontology is used to annotate collaborative processes. During model transformation, new ontology information will be added into processes. Such information will contribute to process execution. In order to support execution of interoperability processes, an ontology-based and goal-driven (OBGD) semantic service bus is designed. This bus is based on a symmetric mechanism for OBGD service invocation. The mechanism is designed according to OBGD Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) which is composed of three parts: OBGD message format, OBGD module and OBGD processing model. This mechanism has three properties: location transparency, semantics transparency and technique transparency, which are critical to execution of interoperability processes. The bus also supports federated deployment for inter-enterprise interoperability. PBMEI and the OBGD bus together constitute a federated approach for solving interoperability problems.

Les organisations contemporaines collaborent de plus en plus avec leurs partenaires. Cette dimension ouverte leur permet d’être plus réactives face aux changements que leur imposent leurs environnements. La caractéristique de la collaboration est due, pour les entreprises, au nouvel environnement économique, qui fait de l'interopérabilité et l'agilité deux des principaux résultats que les entreprises doivent atteindre. Ce contexte correspond au cadre global de nos travaux, qui porte sur la question suivante : Comment concevoir une architecture orientée services dirigée par le métier dans le cadre d’une collaboration inter-organisationnelle ?L’intérêt de ce travail est de proposer une méthode qui assure l’efficacité et l’efficience d’une collaboration, en utilisant les principes de BPM et SOA pour dépasser les barrières conceptuelle et technologique de l’interopérabilité. On explique comment identifier, spécifier et réaliser les processus et les services de collaboration entre différents participants. Pour cela, on adopte une vision transversale de l’entreprise centrée sur les processus métiers. Ensuite, l’approche MDA est utilisée comme un fil conducteur pour synchroniser les modèles des processus métiers découverts à l’aide de l’approche BPM avec ceux des services identifiés avec la démarche SOA. Dans ce schéma, les processus métiers assurent l’interopérabilité au niveau métier tandis que l’utilisation des services réutilisables, des standards et des architectures préconisés par SOA soutiennent l’interopérabilité au niveau IT.Cette méthode se base sur un style de modélisation hiérarchique avec des diagrammes de haut niveau qui sont ensuite enrichis à des niveaux plus bas / Global acceleration of exchanges in goods and services requires organizations to adopt an open view beyond their own boundaries at both business and technological levels. In the new economic environment enterprises must achieve both interoperability and agility. In this thesis the main research question is the following: How to design a service oriented architecture methodology driven by business to support inter-organizational collaboration?To overcome the conceptual and technological barriers of interoperability. We propose a top-down model driven method based on BPM and SOA principles to ensure collaboration efficiency and effectiveness. The proposed method explains how to identify, specify and implement collaborative processes and collaborative public services. In the proposed method business processes ensure interoperability at the business level, while reusable services, standards and SOA platform support interoperability at the IT level

There are mounting concerns to ensure that children are prepared for the literacy demands of the 21st century. Reading inability at 9 years of age portends a lifetime of illiteracy for the majority of struggling readers. Given the greater weight placed on expository text from the junior grades onwards, children with reading disabilities become increasingly constrained by their reading deficits, putting them at risk of falling ever further behind their normally achieving peers. This ethnographic study, extending over an 8 month period and finishing on the last day of the school year, targeted older poor readers at the junior level. Less is known about their reading deficits, relative to younger struggling readers. Therefore, the first of three principal objectives aimed to extend understanding of the processes whereby older poor readers interact with expository text by providing a qualitative finer-grained assessment of their particular difficulties than presently exists. The second objective was focused on developing and implementing a cohesive program of research-based interventions that targeted critical requirements of successful interactions with expository text, including the ability to summarize, locate information, and attend to text structure. The third objective involved establishing and describing a collaborative, intensive research partnership with two classroom teachers at the junior level to implement and evaluate research-grounded interventions for their students with reading difficulties, working within the context of the regular classroom. The dual researcher role, as collaborator with the teachers and instigator of the intervention program, shaped a reconfigured model of special education, responsive to a diverse range of student needs and abilities, and situated within a content-rich, challenging curriculum. Parallel lessons afforded the opportunity to tier instruction with increasing intensity for the children with the highest needs. Results showed the critical importance of aggressively promoting self-efficacy, self-regulation, and metacognitve awareness for older struggling readers. As these children’s strategic repertoire increased, so, too, did their comprehension and comprehension-monitoring. Differentiated instruction that was tiered, flexible, and responsive supported social inclusion and social collaboration. Social context and authentic content became interwoven and instrumental in engaging the children, maintaining their motivation and sustaining their commitment to read to learn. / Thesis (Ph.D, Education) -- Queen's University, 2010-01-27 15:10:03.202