Orientador: Luzenira Alves Brasileiro / Banca: Jairo Salim Pinheiro de Lima / Banca: Sérgio Antonio Röhm / Resumo: O sistema de transporte dos resíduos sólidos compreende o cálculo da frota necessária e a geração de itinerários. A roteirização de veículos pode ser realizada através de método empírico ou matemático. O método matemático pode ser manual ou computadorizado. O problema do transporte de resíduos sólidos urbanos é, geralmente, sanado através do método empírico; principalmente em cidades de pequeno porte. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o transporte de resíduos sólidos comerciais urbanos, através do método matemático computadorizado, utilizando Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). O estudo de caso foi realizado para a cidade de Ilha Solteira - SP, que apresenta aproximadamente 24.000 habitantes. O método utilizado para análise do transporte de resíduos consiste em coleta de dados, caracterização do sistema atual, simulação do sistema utilizando SIG e análise dos resultados. Os dados foram coletados durante o período de julho a agosto de 2006. O sistema atual define a roteirização de veículos pelo método empírico e a frota é igual a 1 veículo, que visita 172 pontos comerciais. O veículo realiza 3 viagens/dia para suprir a demanda. Foram simulados cenários com locais de disposição atual, e mais 4 determinados por um modelo de escolha de locais. Os resultados mostram que há uma economia significativa de distância e tempo no roteamento pelo método computacional, em relação ao método empírico no estudo de caso realizado. O método computacional para roteirização dos veículos de coleta mostrou ser mais eficiente do que o método empírico. / Abstract: The system of transport of the solid residues understands the calculation of the necessary fleet and the generation of itineraries. The routing of vehicles can be carried through through empirical or mathematical method. The mathematical method can manual or be computerized. The problem of the transport of urban solid residues is, generally, cured through the empirical method; mainly in small cities. The objective of this work is to analyze the transport of urban commercial solid residues, through the computerized mathematical method, using of geographic information systems (GIS). The case study it was carried through for the city of Ilha Solteira - SP, that presents 24,000 inhabitants approximately. The method used for analysis of the transport of residues consists of collection of data, characterization of the current system, simulation of system using GIS and analysis of the results. The data had been collected during the period of July the August of 2006. The current system defines the routing of vehicles for the empirical method and the fleet is equal the 1 vehicle, that visits 172 points commercial. The vehicle carries through 3 trips/day to supply the demand. Scenes with places of current disposal had been simulated, and more 4 determined for a model of choice of places. The results show that it has a significant economy of distance and time in the routing for the computational method, in relation to the empirical method in the study of carried through case. The computational method for routing of the collection vehicles showed to be more efficient of the one than the empirical method. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1732.pdf: 12181332 bytes, checksum: 94848074fd123b0ddcf9ce9d5d7cdf0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-29 / The present study had the objectives to present the characteristics of a complex work, to demonstrate the management of these elements in the everyday job, besides relating this management with the social use of own s body in labor. To achieve these objectives, we studied the case of the domiciliar garbage collectors (garis), in a region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. This thesis was divided in six chapters, to corroborate the hypothesis that the art of the worker to deal with the complexity of his/her job is the element that propitiates the regulation of workload. Therefore, this regulation can be limited by the personal characteristics of the workers and also for their job, introducing the notion of body economy . This thesis presented the refuse collector s job, the term regulation was differentiated from the term body economy , and some aspects of a complex work were described. The methodology of the Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) and some of its techniques were used to get the data. Some of the corporal techniques employed by the refuse collectors in their work were presented and analyzed, according to the complexity of their daily work. The management of the various characteristics of refuse domiciliary refuse collection was demonstrated and, in the thesis discussion was related to body economy . The notion of body economy was deepened, demonstrating the characteristics of the work that make it possible or difficultate the regulation of the workload. Finally, questions for new researches have been raised, and suggested some ergonomics recommendations to improve the conditions of the collectors work. We suggest to the professionals who auto-intitulate ergonomists , should understand the reality of subjects work, before prescribing postures and movements that they consider correct or ideal / O presente estudo teve os objetivos de apresentar as características de um trabalho complexo, demonstrar a gestão de tais elementos no cotidiano do trabalho, e relacionar esta gestão com o uso social que se faz do corpo em trabalho. Para isso, estudou-se o caso dos coletores de lixo domiciliar (garis), em uma região da cidade de Belo Horizonte. Esta tese foi dividida em seis capítulos, a fim de corroborar a hipótese de que a arte do trabalhador para lidar com a complexidade de seu trabalho é o elemento que propicia a regulação da sua carga de trabalho. Entretanto, esta regulação pode ser limitada pelas características dos próprios trabalhadores e também de seu trabalho, o que introduz a noção de economia do corpo . Nesta tese apresentou-se o trabalho dos garis, o termo regulação foi diferenciado do termo economia do corpo , e foram descritos certos aspectos de um trabalho complexo. A metodologia da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET) e algumas de suas técnicas foram utilizadas na coleta de dados. Algumas das técnicas corporais empregadas pelos garis no trabalho foram apresentadas e analisadas conforme a complexidade de seu cotidiano. A gestão das diversas variabilidades características do trabalho de coleta de lixo domiciliar foi demonstrada e, na Discussão da tese, foi relacionada à economia do corpo. A noção de economia do corpo foi aprofundada, demonstrando as características do trabalho que possibilitam ou dificultam a regulação da carga de trabalho. Por fim, foram levantadas questões para novas pesquisas, e sugeridas algumas recomendações ergonômicas para melhorar as condições de trabalho dos garis. Sugere-se aos profissionais que se dizem ergonomistas, procurarem compreender a realidade do trabalho dos sujeitos, antes de prescreverem posturas e movimentos que consideram corretos ou ideais

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 brito_raf_me_ilha.pdf: 1354209 bytes, checksum: 9f2f3580875f7b960861c38a486c01ae (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) / O sistema de transporte dos resíduos sólidos compreende o cálculo da frota necessária e a geração de itinerários. A roteirização de veículos pode ser realizada através de método empírico ou matemático. O método matemático pode ser manual ou computadorizado. O problema do transporte de resíduos sólidos urbanos é, geralmente, sanado através do método empírico; principalmente em cidades de pequeno porte. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o transporte de resíduos sólidos comerciais urbanos, através do método matemático computadorizado, utilizando Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). O estudo de caso foi realizado para a cidade de Ilha Solteira - SP, que apresenta aproximadamente 24.000 habitantes. O método utilizado para análise do transporte de resíduos consiste em coleta de dados, caracterização do sistema atual, simulação do sistema utilizando SIG e análise dos resultados. Os dados foram coletados durante o período de julho a agosto de 2006. O sistema atual define a roteirização de veículos pelo método empírico e a frota é igual a 1 veículo, que visita 172 pontos comerciais. O veículo realiza 3 viagens/dia para suprir a demanda. Foram simulados cenários com locais de disposição atual, e mais 4 determinados por um modelo de escolha de locais. Os resultados mostram que há uma economia significativa de distância e tempo no roteamento pelo método computacional, em relação ao método empírico no estudo de caso realizado. O método computacional para roteirização dos veículos de coleta mostrou ser mais eficiente do que o método empírico. / The system of transport of the solid residues understands the calculation of the necessary fleet and the generation of itineraries. The routing of vehicles can be carried through through empirical or mathematical method. The mathematical method can manual or be computerized. The problem of the transport of urban solid residues is, generally, cured through the empirical method; mainly in small cities. The objective of this work is to analyze the transport of urban commercial solid residues, through the computerized mathematical method, using of geographic information systems (GIS). The case study it was carried through for the city of Ilha Solteira - SP, that presents 24,000 inhabitants approximately. The method used for analysis of the transport of residues consists of collection of data, characterization of the current system, simulation of system using GIS and analysis of the results. The data had been collected during the period of July the August of 2006. The current system defines the routing of vehicles for the empirical method and the fleet is equal the 1 vehicle, that visits 172 points commercial. The vehicle carries through 3 trips/day to supply the demand. Scenes with places of current disposal had been simulated, and more 4 determined for a model of choice of places. The results show that it has a significant economy of distance and time in the routing for the computational method, in relation to the empirical method in the study of carried through case. The computational method for routing of the collection vehicles showed to be more efficient of the one than the empirical method.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-11T13:09:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) CTG - MSc Fernando Gomes Monteiro Neto.pdf: 5042137 bytes, checksum: 78045360c7b9017ae031937ad33997f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T13:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) CTG - MSc Fernando Gomes Monteiro Neto.pdf: 5042137 bytes, checksum: 78045360c7b9017ae031937ad33997f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Estima-se que 1,3 bilhão de toneladas de resíduos sólidos urbanos são gerados na Terra por ano. Em 2025, com o planeta habitado por cerca de oito bilhões de pessoas, dos quais cinco bilhões estarão concentrados em áreas urbanas, a quantidade de resíduos gerados possam se duplicar. Entre os anos de 2013 e 2014, o Brasil apresentou um aumento de 2,88% na geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos diárias, número alarmante, já que as áreas para destinação final desses resíduos estão se tornando cada vez mais escassas. A cidade do Recife-PE tem o contrato de Limpeza Urbana e Destinação Final dos resíduos sólidos como um dos mais onerosos. Por ser uma cidade em crescimento e de grande porte, os moradores do Recife geram grande quantidade de resíduos, da qual apenas uma pequena parte é reciclada corretamente. Cerca de 1,31% da parcela reciclável desses resíduos é aproveitada através das atividades executadas pela prefeitura para realização da coleta seletiva na cidade. Neste contexto, os resíduos sólidos devem ser tratados e recuperados por processos tecnológicos disponíveis e economicamente viáveis, antes da disposição final ambientalmente adequada. Para atingir tais objetivos, pode se citar três processos e instrumentos de redução e tratamento de resíduos sólidos: a Gestão Integrada e Sustentável dos Resíduos Sólidos, a reciclagem e a coleta seletiva. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral avaliar o atual modelo de gestão da coleta seletiva e propor uma possível desoneração dos serviços de limpeza urbana e destinação final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos oriundos da coleta domiciliar, por meio de levantamentos realizados na Empresa de Manutenção e Limpeza Urbana - EMLURB, nas indústrias recicladoras e nas cooperativas apoiadas pela prefeitura da cidade. Por fim, foi apresentada uma estimativa de valoração econômica para os resíduos sólidos recicláveis gerados na cidade com a posterior estruturação de cenários que apontaram uma possível desoneração do contrato de limpeza urbana e destinação final dos resíduos através de estimativas de comercialização da parcela reciclável dos resíduos sólidos gerados pela população. No cenário 1, que retrata a forma atual com que os resíduos sólidos recicláveis são geridos, Recife apresentou um potencial de desoneração de 17,54% dos custos com Coleta Seletiva, valor equivalente a R$ 877.965,38. No Cenário 2, onde a parcela prevista de aproveitamento dos resíduos sólidos recicláveis foi de 8%, observou-se que em 2036, ano final da projeção, a comercialização desses resíduos traria para a Cidade uma receita de R$ 25.248.195,14. No Cenário 3, com 15% de aproveitamento, o lucro gerado seria de 11,48%, no final do período, gerando um lucro aproximado de R$ 47.340.365,88. Por fim, no 4º e último Cenário, o lucro previsto em 2036 foi de 34,00%, já que a comercialização desses resíduos geraria um ganho de R$ 123.084.951,29. / It is estimated that 1.3 billion tons of municipal solid waste are generated on Earth per year. By 2025, the planet inhabited by about eight billion people, of whom five billion will be concentrated in urban areas, the amount of waste generated can be duplicated. Between 2013 and 2014, Brazil increased by 2.88% in the generation of daily MSW, alarming number, since the areas for disposal of such waste are becoming increasingly scarce. The city of Recife-PE has the Urban Cleaning contract and Final Destination of solid waste as one of the most expensive. As a growing city and large, residents of Recife generate large amounts of waste, of which only a small part is recycled properly. About 1.31% of the recyclable portion of this waste is harnessed through the activities carried out by the city to perform the selective collection in the city. In this context, the waste must be treated and recovered by available and economically viable technological processes before the environmentally sound disposal. To achieve these goals, you can name three processes and reduction tools and treatment of solid waste: the Integrated and Sustainable Management of Solid Waste, recycling and selective collection. This research aimed to evaluate the current management model of selective collection and propose a possible exemption of urban cleaning services and disposal of municipal solid waste from the home collection through surveys conducted in Empresa de Manutenção e Limpeza Urbana - EMLURB in the recycling industries and cooperatives supported by the city. Finally, an estimate of economic valuation was presented for recyclable solid waste generated in the city with the subsequent organization of scenarios that showed a possible exemption of urban cleaning contract and disposal of waste through marketing estimates recyclable portion of waste generated by the population. In scenario 1, which depicts the current way in which the recyclable solid waste is managed, Recife presented a potential reduction of 17.54% of the costs of selective collection, equivalent to R$ 877,965.38. In Scenario 2, where the share of expected use of recyclable waste was 8%, it was observed that in 2036, the final year of the projection, the marketing of such wastes would bring the city revenue of R$ 25,248,195.14. In Scenario 3, with 15% success, the generated profit was 11.48% at the end of the period, generating an approximate income of R$ 47,340,365.88. Finally, in the 4th and last scenario, the profit expected in 2036 was 34.00%, since the marketing of such waste would generate a gain of R$ 123,084,951.29

In today's society, it is of great interest to constantly streamline and improve yourorganization for the better. How to do this, however, is not obvious and there are usually anumber of solutions, ideas and recipes that claim to solve various problems. When we in Sweden in the 90's started to focus more and more on quality - with the quality movement that started in the western world called TQM (total quality management) - both regarding the produce of our goods and services as well as how we organize ourselves, we think it isinteresting to study how managers themselves experience these organizational changes. The study is based on Rövik's theories of administrative reforms. The analysis of the empirics was conducted through the two perspectives that are presented by Rövik; the symbolic perspective and the tool perspective. TQM is represented in this study by Self-Control, Quality Certification and Click and Collect. The purpose of this study is to examine how store managers in the food industry themselves view TQM reforms that they have been involved in and if any of these recipes are loosely linked. The study uses a qualitative research strategy by interviewing a total of three respondents from both Coop and Ica. The respondents' reasoning could most easily be understood from a symbolic perspective, and the results also showed a difference in freedom of action and loosely linked recipes. Coop tends to loosely link these recipes to a greater extent compared to Ica. Nevertheless, both Self-Control as well as the Quality Certification can be best understood with a symbolic perspective as they, quite forcefully, offer meaning and legitimacy to organisations, rather than a voluntary solution to a, already defined, quality related issue within the organisations.

Due to COVID-19 the authors of the following study aim to examine how COVID-19 has affected society by studying its impact on grocery stores. The following study is based on a case study design where a total of four respondents have participated. All respondents are store managers and they have all been interviewed regarding questions that emphasise COVID-19 and its effect on their business, as well as how click & collect has played a role during COVID-19. The following study has used a qualitative research strategy with intentions to generate qualitative interviews that will underpin the result of the study. In order to answer the thesis, an issue was formulated that reads as follows: How and why has restrictions in physical stores during COVID-19 affected store managers in grocery stores and their sales through click & collect? In order to answer the issue that the study has presented, the study has been delimited to stores that are based in Stockholm. Furthermore it shall be said that the respondents who have participated in the study did so with the intention to remain anonymous. The conclusion of the study showed that click & collect has had an impact on grocery stores during COVID-19 due to the fact that store purchases have increased through the shopping channel. Furthermore the study presented that a new state of normality due to COVID-19 has occurred which benefits sales through click & collect. Finally the study has also shown that a synergy between the grocery stores physical and digital sales channels have occurred which benefits click & collect.

My feet are my transportation while living in the college town of Provo, Utah. When walking, I am drawn to designs found at construction sites and office workplaces, methods of labor that are executed sequentially. These designs lead me to think about laborious jobs that I have had and time performing mundane, repetitive tasks. Walking, photographing, gathering, and transporting used material to a workspace are the preliminary actions for my art practice. Creation emerges by relating material from varying environments through their inherent patterns, sizes, and shapes. I organize elements of the everyday in a new harmonious context with each other. At the core of my art practice, I present an altered way of looking at commonplace materials.

Some colleges and universities require their business majors to take literature classes; others do not. Some businesspeople, as well as many educators such as Donna M. Kish-Goodling (1999), William McCarron (1980), and Philip Vassallo (1991), support the need for business students to study literature in order to improve their communication skills and degree of human understanding. Over the past fifty years, however, Virginia Tech's literature requirements for business majors have gradually diminished to none. The twelve participants who were interviewed in this qualitative study were all business majors who graduated from Virginia Tech before 1990, when the business school, and the university at large, still required students to take one or more literature courses. The vast majority of participants agreed that they had benefited from studying literature as part of their undergraduate business degree. Participants most often credited the classes with broadening their world view, developing their analytical skills, making them more well-rounded, improving their communication skills, and helping them better express themselves. Participants agreed with Vassallo's suggestion that reading literature helped students to put their own lives into perspective (1991) and with poet Billy Collins' argument that exposure to literature was the key to learning how to write well (Lenham 2001). Even in today's highly technological society, the skills and insights obtained through the humanities, especially those involving writing, are still considered quite relevant by the participants. The research suggests that core curriculum could benefit from being more balanced, as suggested by Chester Finn, Dianne Ravitch, and Robert Fancher (1984), so that it includes literature and humanities to the same extent that it currently includes math, science, and social sciences. Literature courses, however, need not be exclusively relegated to English Departments and could even be specially designed for Business Departments, such as Kish-Goodling's class that used Shakespeare to teach monetary economics (1999). Literature courses that stress analytical reading and writing could prove quite useful to business majors. / Ph. D.

Click and Collect; Delivery; precio; canales de distribución; satisfacción del cliente; retailing; ropa; marketing Click and Collect; Delivery; price; distribution channels; customer satisfaction; retailing, clothes; marketing. / A medida que el e-Commerce ha ido creciendo, los canales de distribución mediante los cuales hacen llegar el producto final al consumidor han ido evolucionando con la finalidad de satisfacer sus necesidades respecto a conveniencia, rapidez, precio a pagar, entre otros. En consecuencia, surge el Delivery y el Click & Collect (Recojo en Tienda) como opciones de entrega para que el cliente pueda escoger cuál de las dos se adecúa a sus requerimientos. Por ello, es relevante estudiar estos canales de distribución tomando como base investigaciones previas en revistas internacionales para poder definir los conceptos y aplicaciones de cada uno para posteriormente evaluar su aplicación en el retailing peruano para poder identificar los pros y contras percibidos por el consumidor; y a su vez, considerar los beneficios o problemas que le genera al minorista al implementar dichos canales; por ejemplo, al poner en funcionamiento el Click & Collect, la tienda por departamento asume costos extra en la logística debido a la incorporación del punto de recojo específico dentro de su establecimiento. El presente trabajo de investigación permite contrastar la teoría planteada por diferentes autores y su aplicación en los retailers peruanos ya que, no existen investigaciones previas que se enfoquen específicamente en este criterio de la compra online. Finalmente, los resultados de esta investigación buscan brindarle información al minorista para que pueda satisfacer las necesidades de sus consumidores respecto al canal de distribución de su preferencia y promover una relación a largo plazo. / As e-Commerce has grown, the distribution channels through which they deliver the final product to the consumer have evolved in order to satisfy their needs regarding convenience, speed, price to pay, and others. Consequently, Delivery and Click & Collect (Pick up in Store) arise as delivery options so that the customer can choose which of the two suits their requirements. For this reason, it is relevant to study these distribution channels based on previous research in international magazines in order to define the concepts and applications of each one to later evaluate their application in Peruvian retailing in order to identify the pros and cons perceived by the consumer; and in turn, consider the benefits or problems that the retailer generates when implementing these channels. For example, by putting Click & Collect into operation, the department store assumes extra costs in logistics due to the incorporation of the specific collection point within its establishment. This research work allows us to contrast the theory put forward by different authors and its application in Peruvian retailers since there is no previous research that specifically focuses on this criterion of online shopping. Finally, the results of this research seek to provide information to the retailer so that it can satisfy the needs of its consumers regarding the distribution channel of their preference and promote a long-term relationship. / Trabajo de investigación

There is a significant transformation taking place in today’s retail landscape with the increasing adoption of digital technologies in society. Customers are finding new purchasing habits and retailers are exploring different channels to serve customers in. Observations indicate that the industry is heading towards an omni-channel landscape where retailers aim to provide customers with a unified shopping experience across channels and touchpoints as e-commerce rapidly penetrates the market. Currently, all growth for durable goods is attributable to online sales in Sweden, yet Swedish online grocery retailing has been lagging and still only constitute 2 percent of the total market share. A qualitative study was conducted to map out the challenges and levers for Swedish grocery retailers in distribution . Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 18 store managers from the three largest grocery store chains in Sweden. The study elicits a framework for firm controlled factors which define customer experience: price, promotion, merchandise, supply chain and location. / Det sker en betydande omvandling i dagens detaljhandelslandskap. Konsumenter hittar nya köpvanor och återförsäljare undersöker olika kanaler för att betjäna kunder i. Iakttagelser indikerar att branschen är på väg mot ett omni-kanal landskap där återförsäljare söker att ge kunderna en enhetlig shoppingupplevelse genom alla försäljningskanaler. Idag är all tillväxt för sällanköpsvaror hänförlig till onlineförsäljning i Sverige, men den svenska dagligvaruhandeln på nätet har legat efter och utgör fortfarande bara 2 procent av den totala marknadsandelen. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes för att kartlägga utmaningar och möjligheter i distribution för svenska dagligvaruhandlare. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 18 butikschefer från de tre största livsmedelskedjorna i Sverige. Studien använder ett ramverk som kapslar in faktorer som kan kontrolleras av företaget och som tillsammans formar kundupplevelsen: pris, kampanjer, sortiment, logistikkedja och plats.