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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Cellular dynamics in Zebrafish optic cup morphogenesis

Sidhaye, Jaydeep 07 December 2017 (has links)
Organ formation is an important step during development of an organism that combines different scales from the molecular to the tissue level. Many organogenesis phenomena involve epithelial morphogenesis, where sheets of cells undergo rearrangements to form complex architectures – organ precursors, which subsequently develop into mature organs. Timely development of the characteristic architectures of the organ precursors is crucial for successful organogenesis and is determined by the choice of epithelial rearrangements that organise the constituent cells in space and time. However, for many organogenesis events the cellular dynamics underlying such epithelial rearrangements remain elusive. In the work presented here, I investigated the morphogenesis of the hemispherical retinal neuroepithelium (RNE), that serves as an organ precursor of the neural retina. Formation of RNE is an important event in vertebrates that shapes the optic cup and sets the stage for subsequent eye development. I investigated RNE morphogenesis in the developing zebrafish embryo by visualising and investigating the cellular dynamics of the process in vivo. My findings show that the zebrafish RNE is shaped by the combined action of two different epithelial rearrangements – basal shrinkage of the neuroepithelial cells and involution of cells at the rim of the developing optic cup. The basal shrinkage of the neuroepithelial cells bends the neuroepithelial sheet and starts the process of invagination. However, my results show that the major player in RNE morphogenesis is rim involution. Rim involution translocates prospective RNE cells to their designated location in the invaginating layer and contributes to RNE invagination. My work unravelled the so far unknown mechanism of rim involution. I show that the rim cells involute by collective epithelial migration using directed membrane protrusions and dynamic cell-matrix contacts. If rim migration is perturbed, the prospective RNE cells cannot reach the invaginating layer. As a result, these migration-defective cells attain the RNE fate at an ectopic location and disrupt the tissue architecture. Therefore, rim migration coordinates the cellular location with the timing of RNE fate determination and orchestrates RNE morphogenesis in space and time. Overall, my work highlights how morphogenetic processes shape the organ precursor architecture and ensure timely organ formation. These findings provide important insights not only for eye development but also for epithelial morphogenesis and organogenesis in many other systems. / Für die Entwicklung eines Organismus ist die Bildung von Organen (Organogenese) von zentraler Bedeutung. Organogenese umfasst Prozesse auf allen Ebenen der Längenskala: von der molekularen Ebene, der Gewebeebene, bis hin zur Ebene des ganzen Organismus. Viele Phänomene der Organogenese beinhalten dabei Veränderungen von Epithelien, bei der sich Schichten von Zellen zu komplexen Strukturen - Organvorläufern - umwandeln. Diese entwickeln sich später zu vollständigen Organen. Die rechtzeitige Entwicklung der charakteristischen Architektur der Organvorläufer ist entscheidend für eine erfolgreiche Organogenese und wird durch die Wahl der epithelialen Umwandlungsprozessen bestimmt, welche die Zellen in Raum und Zeit koordinieren müssen. Für viele dieser Prozesse ist jedoch genau diese zugrundeliegende Zelldynamik unklar. In der hier vorgestellten Arbeit untersuchte ich die Bildung des hemisphärischen retinalen Neuropepithels (RNE). Das RNE ist der Organvorläufer der neuralen Retina, weshalb dessen korrekte Bildung die Voraussetzung für die korrekte Entwicklung der Augen ist. Ich untersuchte die RNE-Morphogenese in sich entwickelnden Zebrafisch-Embryos durch Visualisierung und Untersuchung der zellulären Dynamik der beteiligten Prozesse in vivo. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das RNE in Zebrafischen durch die kombinierte Umwandlung von zwei verschiedenen Epithelien geformt wird. Zum einen findet eine Verkleinerung des basalen Prozesses der neuroepithelialen Zellen statt, zum anderen die Involution von Randzellen. Die basale Verkleinerung der neuroepithelialen Zellen verbiegt die neuroepitheliale Schicht und führt zur Einstülpung des RNE. Meine Ergebnisse zeigten allerdings, dass Involution von Randzellen noch bedeutsamer für die RNE-Morphogenese ist. Die involution von Randzellen transportiert potenzielle RNE-Zellen in das Neuroepithel und trägt zur RNE-Einstülpung bei. Die Bedeutung meiner Arbeit liegt darin, den bisher unbekannten Mechanismus der Randzell-Involution entdeckt zu haben. Ich zeigte, dass die Randzellen sich aktiv durch kollektive epitheliale Migration bewegen indem sie gerichtete Membranforsätze und dynamische Zell zu Matrix Kontakte etablieren. Wird die Migration der Randzellen inhibiert, so führt dies dazu, dass diese Zellen die eingestülpte RNE Schicht nicht erreichen. Sie landen dann an den falschen Positionen, wo sie die Gewerbearchitektur stören können. Daher koordiniert die Randzellmigration die Position der Zellen und orchestriert die RNE-Morphogenese in Raum und Zeit. Insgesamt zeigt meine Arbeit, wie morphogenetische Prozesse die Organvorläuferarchitektur prägen und eine rechtzeitige Organbildung sicherstellen. Diese Erkenntnisse sind sowohl für das Verständnis der Augenentwicklung, als auch für das der epithelialen Morphogenese und Organogenese in anderen Systemen von großer Bedeutung.
12

Detachment versus cohesion: Role for Rap1 GTPase and its exchange factor, PDZ-GEF in collective cell migration

Sawant, Ketki 14 December 2015 (has links)
No description available.
13

Caractérisation des différents mouvements collectifs au cours de la migration des cellules de bordure chez la drosophile / Characterisation of different collective movements during Drosophila border cell migration

Combedazou, Anne 18 November 2016 (has links)
La migration cellulaire concerne des cellules individuelles ou bien des groupes de cellules migrant de manière collective et coordonnée. De nombreux processus physiologiques, notamment au cours du développement embryonnaire, ainsi que pathologiques, notamment lors de maladies inflammatoires ou de la formation de métastases nécessitent des mouvements cellulaire collectifs. Au cours de l'ovogénèse chez la Drosophile, un groupe de cellules, appelés cellules de bordure, migrent entre les cellules nourricières, collectivement, au sein du follicule ovarien. Ces cellules de bordure constituent un modèle de choix pour étudier les mécanismes régulant la migration collective in vivo. La migration de ce groupe de cellules est divisée en deux phases. Lors de la première moitié de migration, du début de la migration à la moitié du parcours, les cellules de bordure adoptent un mouvement linéaire, au cours duquel chaque cellule maintient sa position au sein de l'entité, et une seule et même cellule conduit le groupe vers l'avant. Ensuite, à mi-chemin, ces groupes commencent à effectuer des mouvements de rotation sur eux-mêmes pour aller atteindre l'ovocyte, permettant à n'importe quelle cellule de pouvoir mener la migration. L'objectif de ma thèse a été d'élucider les mécanismes régulant le choix entre ces deux modes de migration (linéaire et rotationnel). Le cytosquelette d'acto-myosine est un des acteurs principaux régulant la contraction cellulaire nécessaire à la motilité des cellules. Au cours de ma thèse, nous avons mis en évidence le rôle de la myosine non musculaire de type II dans le contrôle du passage d'un mouvement linéaire à rotationnel. Nos travaux démontrent que l'apparition des mouvements de rotation effectués par les cohortes de cellules de bordure est corrélée à une augmentation de l'activité de la myosine non musculaire de type II. De plus, nous avons montré que l'activité de la myosine non musculaire de type II pouvait être régulée de manière antagoniste par les récepteurs de guidance. En conclusion, mes travaux de thèse nous ont permis de démontré le rôle clé de la myosine non musculaire de type II dans l'adaptation du mode de migration au cours de mouvements collectifs des cellules de bordure. De plus nous avons identifié les facteurs régulant l'activité de la myosine non musculaire de type II. En effet, cette dernière est régulée positivement par EGFR. / In many biological processes, cells can move individually or in a coordinated and collective manner. Collective migrations are necessary during several embryo developmental processes, and pathologies such as inflammatory diseases or metastasis formation. During Drosophila oogenesis, border cells, a group of 6-10 cells, migrate in between nurse cell until the oocyte, within the egg chamber and provide a good model to study collective cell migration in vivo. Border cell migration is divided in to two phases. From the anterior pole of the egg chamber to the half of migrated distance, border cell adopt a linear movement, in which each cell maintain its position within the cluster and one leader cell drive the migration. Midway of the migration path, border cell clusters rotate to reach the oocyte. During this second phase, any cell can take the lead of the migration. The aim of my PhD research works was to identify mechanisms regulating the choice between linear and rotational movements. Acto-myosin cytoskeleton is one of the main regulators of cell contraction necessary for cell motility. Through our research, we demonstrated that non-muscle myosin II (NMII) regulate the switch between linear and rotational behaviour. These results led us to identify mechanisms regulating NMII activity during border cell migration. Border cells express two guidance receptors: PVR (Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) receptor Related) and EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor). Recent studies shown that PVR play a crucial role in the first phase and EGFR predominantly regulate the second phase of migration. Our data shows that NMII is antagonistically regulated by PVR and EGFR. Indeed, the inhibition of NMII in border cell over expressing EGFR completely blocks the rotational movement To conclude, my PhD works allow us to demonstrate the key role of NMII for the regulation of border cell migration. Moreover, we found that EGFR positively regulates NMII activity.
14

Regulation of the Rab35 GTPase by Rab11FIP1 during cytokinesis, apico-basal polarity and collective cell migration

Iannantuono, Nicholas 07 1900 (has links)
Le trafic vésiculaire joue un rôle crucial dans la sécrétion et l'internalisation des composantes extracellulaires ou membranaires. De plus, il contrôle la distribution spatio-temporelle de nombreuses protéines. En outre, ce processus peut contrôler la livraison de protéines à divers domaines des membranes plasmiques. Mes travaux de recherche se sont centrés sur l'étude des protéines Rab11-Family of Interacting Proteins de classe I (Rab11FIPs), plus précisément de Rab11FIP1 et de sa fonction dans différents processus cellulaires nécessitant le trafic vésiculaire, tels que la mitose, la cytokinèse, l'établissement de la polarité cellulaire et de la migration cellulaire, individuelle ou collective. En effet, ces processus nécessitent un contrôle vésiculaire finement régulé, par exemple, la mitose/cytokinèse nécessite le recrutement de différents complexes protéiques contenant des cargaisons liées aux vésicules. L'établissement de la polarité cellulaire nécessite le tri et la livraison de complexes protéiques à des membranes spécifiques et la migration cellulaire nécessite une polarisation complète de la cellule pour permettre un mouvement directionnel. Mes travaux ont élucidé une voie impliquant Rab11FIP1 et Rab35 dans le contrôle à la fois de la cytokinèse et de l'établissement de la polarité. En effet, alors que d'autres groupes ont publié que Rab35 est essentiel pour l'élimination de l'actine située au pont intercellulaire via le recrutement de MICAL1 et OCRL, j'ai montré que Rab11FIP1 est critique pour maintenir Rab35 dans cette région. De plus, j'ai montré que l'absence de Rab11FIP1 et la mauvaise localisation subséquente de Rab35 peuvent conduire à des phénotypes similaires à ceux observés lors de la dérégulation de l'abscission, tels que la binucléation et le retard de la cytokinèse, qui sont des défauts qui contribuent au développement de cancers. Ces défauts peuvent cependant être rétablies en utilisant de faibles doses de Latrunculin A pour dépolymériser de l'actine. De plus, j'ai montré que Rab11FIP1 et Rab35 semblent avoir des fonctions dans la polarité apico-basale des cellules Caco-2 et MCF-10a. Enfin, j'ai aussi montré que Rab35 est impliquée dans la régulation de la migration collective. En conclusion, mes données établissent Rab11FIP1 et Rab35 comme des régulateurs importants de divers processus cellulaires. Ces résultats constituent un point de départ important pour une étude plus approfondie de l'abscission, de l'établissement de la polarité cellulaire, de la formation du Apical Membrane Initiation Site (AMIS) et de la migration cellulaire collective. Cela aura des implications de grande envergure, car ces cascades de signalisation peuvent avoir un impact sur pratiquement tous les processus cellulaires. / Vesicular trafficking plays a crucial role in the secretion and internalization of extracellular or plasma membrane components. Moreover, it controls the spatiotemporal distribution of many proteins during different processes. Also, it can control the delivery of proteins to various domains of the plasma membranes. With this in mind, my research focused on the Rab11 Family of Interacting Proteins of Class I (Rab11FIPs), more specifically of Rab11FIP1 and its function in different cellular processes that require vesicular trafficking, those being mitosis, cytokinesis, establishment of cell polarity and cellular migration, both single and collective. Indeed, these processes require exquisite vesicular control, for example, mitosis/cytokinesis require the recruitment of different protein complexes containing vesicle-bound cargoes. Cell polarity establishment requires the sorting and delivery of protein complexes and cell migration requires fine-tuned polarization of the entire cell to allow for directional movement. My work has elucidated one such pathway involving Rab11FIP1 and Rab35 in the control of both cytokinesis and the establishment of polarity. Indeed, while others have shown that Rab35 is critical for the removal of actin in the intercellular bridge via recruitment of its cargoes MICAL1 and OCRL, I showed that Rab11FIP1 is vital for maintaining Rab35 in the midbody. In fact, I showed that lack of Rab11FIP1 and subsequent mislocalization of Rab35 can lead to similar phenotypes observed during dysregulated abscission, such as binucleation and cytokinesis delay, which are hallmarks of cancer. These phenotypes however, can be rescued using low doses of an actin depolymerizing drug called Latrunculin A. Furthermore, I showed that both Rab11FIP1 and Rab35 seem to have functions in the establishment of apico-basal polarity of both Caco-2 and MCF-10a. Finally, I showed that Rab35 seems to regulate the collectiveness of migrating cells. Altogether, these data establish Rab11FIP1 and Rab35 as important regulators of various cellular processes. These results will be an important stepping stone for further studies into abscission, establishment of cellular polarity, Apical Membrane Initiation Site (AMIS) formation, and collective cell migration. This will have far reaching implications, as these signaling cascades can impact virtually all cellular processes.
15

COLLECTIVE CELL MIRATION DURING HEART MORPHOGENESIS IN DROSOPHILA REQUIRES GUIDANCE SIGNALING AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX REMODELLING / COLLECTIVE CELL MIGRATION OF CARDIOBLASTS DURING HEART MORPHOGENESIS

Raza, Qanber 11 1900 (has links)
Collective cell migration is a defining feature of many morphogenetic processes. Diseases such as congenital heart diseases and cancer arise due to mis-regulation of collective migratory behaviour and animal models have played a pivotal role in dissecting the molecular mechanisms which underlie this process. During embryonic heart development, cardiac precursors undergo a stage of collective migration in both vertebrates and invertebrates. We developed a paradigm to quantitatively assess collective cell migration of cardiac precursors in live embryos of Drosophila, which is the simplest genetic model organism with a heart. Therefore, we studied processes which are commonly observed in most collective cell migration models such as guidance signalling and extracellular matrix remodelling. Our results demonstrate that leading edge of migrating cardioblasts is highly active and that this behaviour is regulated by guidance cues, Slit and Netrin and their respective receptors Robo/Robo2 and Frazzled/Uncoordinated5. These molecules cooperatively promote leading edge motility and epithelial characteristics of the cardioblasts. Next, we determined that matrix restructuring around the cardioblasts requires proteases Mmp1 and Mmp2, which are members of the highly conserved Matrix Metalloproteinase family. We demonstrate that Mmp1 and Mmp2 have distinct roles during lumen formation, however, both Mmp1 and Mmp2 are required for collective motility of the cardioblast leading edge. Hence, we propose that embryonic heart development in Drosophila is an effective and amenable model of collective cell migration which can be applied to discover unique mechanisms which coordinate cell movement in groups. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
16

Rho GTPases orchestrate flow-mechanical coupling and adaptive migration in endothelium

Andrade Cabrera, Santiago Patricio 19 January 2024 (has links)
In den letzten Jahren gab es Fortschritte im Verständnis der Gefäßbildung bei Ereignissen wie Keimen, Lumenbildung und Gefäßstabilisierung. Nach der Bildung eines primitiven Plexus ist die Gefäßoptimierung und hierarchische Umwandlung der morphologischen Gefäße in einen reifen Plexus durch vaskuläres "Pruning" wenig verstanden. Unterschiedliche Blutflussprofile in nebeneinander angeordneten Gefäßen können Asymmetrien in der Scherspannung verursachen, was die Zellmigration in Bereichen mit höherem Fluss fördert und die Destabilisierung von Segmenten mit geringem Fluss induziert. Diese Studie basiert auf der Hypothese, dass funktionelle Gefäßnetzwerke und Umbildung durch flussgesteuerte Endothelzellmigration ausgelöst werden. Wie die zelluläre Erfassung physikalischer Kräfte integriert ist, um Informationen zu übertragen und das Verhalten von Zellen zu modifizieren, ist noch unbekannt. Die Studie untersucht die Regulation und Koordination durch RhoGTPase-Signale während der kollektiven endothelialen Migration aufgrund von Flüssigkeitskräften. RhoGTPasen ermöglichen die räumlich-zeitliche Koordination, langfristige Anpassung an den Fluss und morphologische Umgestaltung. Beeinträchtigungen von RhoGTPasen zeigen Defekte bei Zellmigration und kollektiver Koordination in Umgebungen mit freiem Rand und strömungsgetriebener Migration. Die Studie erläutert den Einfluss der RhoGTPase-Regulation der Verbindungsdynamik in Verbindung mit der Aktinorganisation, die für die mechanische Kopplung und endotheliale Reaktionsfähigkeit erforderlich ist. Insgesamt betont die Studie die Relevanz der räumlich-zeitlichen RhoGTPase-Kontrolle und der Aufrechterhaltung der mechanischen Kopplung zwischen Strömung und Migration für die kollektive Koordination als Reaktion auf hämodynamische Kräfte. / In recent years, there have been significant advances in understanding how new vessels form during events like sprouting, lumen formation, and vessel stabilization. Yet, after the formation of a basic network, the crucial step of rearranging vessels into a mature structure, known as vascular pruning, needs further investigation. It's suggested that different blood flow profiles in nearby vessels create imbalances in shear stress, leading to cell migration toward higher flow regions, destabilizing low-flow segments, and causing the collapse of redundant segments. This study, in line with existing literature, proposes that functional vascular networks and remodeling result from the flow-driven migration of endothelial cells. However, how cells precisely sense physical forces to regulate their behavior and coordinate migration in response to flow remains unknown. I explore the regulation and coordination of Rho GTPases during collective endothelial migration under fluid forces. Rho GTPases' coordination allows long-term adaptation to flow and morphological remodeling. Impairments in Rho GTPases reveal defects in cell migration and collective coordination during free-edge and flow-driven migration. Finally, I explain how Rho GTPases' regulation influences junctional dynamics and actin organization, crucial for mechanical coupling and endothelial responsiveness to flow. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of controlling Rho GTPases over time and maintaining mechanical coupling between flow and migration for collective coordination in response to fluid forces.
17

A mathematical exploration of principles of collective cell migration and self-organisation

Schumacher, Linus J. January 2015 (has links)
This thesis explores the role of collective cell migration and self-organisation in the development of the embryo and in vitro tissue formation through mathematical and computational approaches. We consider how population heterogeneity, microenvironmental signals and cell-cell interactions facilitate cells to collectively organise and navigate, with the aim to work towards uncovering general rules and principles, rather than delving into the microscopic molecular details. To ensure the biological relevance of our results, we collaborate closely with experimental biologists working on two model systems. First, to understand how neural crest cells obtain directionality, maintain persistence and specialise during their migration, we use computational simulations in parallel with imaging of chick embryos under genetic and surgical perturbations. We show how only a few cells adopting a leader state that enables them to read out chemical signals can lead a population of cells in a follower state over long distances in the embryo. Furthermore, we devise and test an improved mechanism of how cells dynamically switch between leader and follower states in the presence of a chemoattractant gradient. Our computational work guides the choice of new experiments, aids in their interpretation and probes hypotheses in ways the experiments can not. Secondly, to study the self-organisation of mouse skin cells in vitro, we draw on aggregation processes and scaling theory. Dermal and epidermal cells, after being dissociated and mixed, can reconstitute functional (transplantable and hair-growing) skin in culture. Using kinetic aggregation models and scaling analysis we show that the initial clustering of epidermal cells can be described by Smoluchowski coagulation, consistent with the dynamics of the "clustering clusters" universality class. Then, we investigate a potential mechanism for the size-regulation of cell aggregates during the later stages of the skin reconstitution process. Our analysis shows the extent to which this tissue formation follows a single physical process and when the transition to different dynamics occurs, which may be triggered by cellular biochemical changes.
18

Study of the kinase MAP4K4 in collective migration of cancer cells

Alberici Delsin, Lara Elis 08 1900 (has links)
La migration cellulaire collective est essentielle aux processus physiologiques, tels que le dé-veloppement et la réparation des tissus, et aux conditions pathogènes, telles que les métas-tases cancéreuses. Les lésions métastatiques sont à l'origine de la majorité de la mortalité liée au cancer, ce qui incite à comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires régissant la migration collective du cancer et à explorer leur potentiel thérapeutique. Dans ce contexte, la kinase MAP4K4 est apparue comme une kinase pro-métastatique, associée à un mauvais pronostic pour les patients et reconnue pour réguler la migration des cellules cancéreuses. Cependant, son rôle dans la migration collective reste flou. Au cours des dernières années, le groupe de recherche du Dr Emery a dévoilé que Misshapen, l'orthologue drosophile de MAP4K4, est un régulateur central de la migration collective des cellules de bordure, soulevant la question de savoir si MAP4K4 coordonnerait la migration collective des cellules cancéreuses. Le but de cette thèse était d’évaluer la fonction de MAP4K4 dans la migration collective des cellules cancéreuses, incluant deux modes de migration différents : en grappe et en feuillets. En utilisant la lignée cellulaire A431, nous démontrons le rôle de MAP4K4 dans la régulation de la dynamique de protrusion, de rétraction et d’adhésion focale, favorisant la migration des grappes grâce à la régulation des forces de traction cellule-substrat. De plus, nous dévoi-lons un nouveau rôle de MAP4K4 dans l’adhésion cellule-cellule, en contrôlant la charge de tension et la stabilité, et en ajustant les contraintes intercellulaires. Notamment, lors de la migration des feuillets, les cellules A431 forment des structures en forme de doigts, avec une hiérarchie leader-suiveur. En caractérisant ces structures migratrices, nous avons identifié des structures d'actomyosine supracellulaires, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles questions et voies d'investigation pour explorer les mécanismes de communication cellule-cellule. De plus, nous avons montré que MAP4K4 régule la formation des doigts et la densité des câbles supracellu-laires, nuisant à l'émergence de cellules leader et coordonnant la communication cellule-cellule. Dans l’ensemble, ces travaux soulignent le rôle central de MAP4K4 dans la régulation de la migration collective des cellules cancéreuses par l’adhésion focale et la modulation de la jonction cellule-cellule, ayant finalement un impact sur la génération et la transmission de la force cellulaire, coordonnant ainsi le mouvement collectif. En outre, nous discutons du po-tentiel de l’inhibition de MAP4K4 en tant que stratégie de traitement des métastases. / Collective cell migration is essential for both physiological processes, such as development and tissue repair, and pathogenic conditions, such as cancer metastasis. Metastatic lesions drive the majority of cancer-related mortality, urging the understanding of molecular me-chanisms governing collective cancer migration, and exploring their therapeutic potential. In this context, the kinase MAP4K4 has emerged as a pro-metastatic kinase, associated with poor patient prognosis and recognized for regulating cancer cell migration. However, its role in collective migration remains unclear. In the past years, Dr. Emery's research group unveiled that Misshapen, the MAP4K4 Drosophila orthologue, is a central regulator of border cell col-lective migration, raising the question whether MAP4K4 would coordinate the collective mi-gration of cancer cells. The purpose of this thesis was to assess the function of MAP4K4 in carcinoma cell’s collective migration, including two different migration modes : clusters and sheets. Using A431 cell line, we demonstrate MAP4K4’s role in regulating protrusion, retraction and focal adhesion dy-namics, promoting cluster migration through regulating cell-substrate traction forces. Furthermore, we unveil a new role of MAP4K4 at cell-cell adhesions, controlling tension loa-ding and stability, and tunning the intercellular stresses. Notably, during sheet migration, A431 cells form finger-like structures, with a leader-follower hierarchy. Performing the charac-terization of these migrating structures, we identified supracellular actomyosin structures, opening new questions and investigative pathways to explore cell-cell communication me-chanisms. Moreover, we showed that MAP4K4 regulates finger formation and the density of the supracellular cables, impairing the emergence of leader cells and coordinating cell-cell communication. Overall, this work underscores the central role of MAP4K4 in regulating collective cancer cell migration through focal adhesion and cell-cell junction modulation, ultimately impacting cell force generation and transmission, coordinating collective movement. Furthermore, we dis-cuss the potential of MAP4K4 inhibition as a strategy for metastasis therapy.

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