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[pt] Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a liberdade religiosa e a liberdade de expressão ambos como normas fundamentais, cláusulas pétreas do Estado Constitucional Democrático de Direito, em face da também constitucional laicização do Estado moderno, analisando os limites desta se suas respectivas efetividades partindo do princípio da liberdade religiosa, tendo em vista que tal relacionamento entre ambas é composta de colisões. A pesquisa mostrará a dimensão da experiência religiosa do homem como fundamento material e a função da religião como sistema social, um breve panorama histórico da relação entre Estado e religião no início da era cristã até o processo de laicização do Estado Moderno, liberdade religiosa e a liberdade de expressão na Constituinte de 1988, até onde pode ir um discurso de um líder religioso de matriz cristã revestido pela liberdade religiosa e da liberdade de expressão e também algumas propostas para estas situações problemáticas da prática jurídica contemporânea, refletindo sobre possíveis encaminhamentos no sentido da efetivação da liberdade religiosa em consonância com a laicização do Estado Democrático de Direito. / [en] This dissertation aims to analyze religious freedom and freedom of expression, both as fundamental norms, essential clauses of the Democratic Constitutional State of Law, in the face of the also constitutional secularization of the modern State, analyzing the limits of this and their respective effectiveness based on the principle of religious freedom, considering that such a relationship between the two is composed of collisions. The research will show the dimension of man s religious experience as a material foundation and the function of religion as a social system, a brief historical overview of the relationship between State and religion from the beginning of the Christian era to the secularization process of the Modern State, religious freedom and the freedom of expression in the 1988 Constituent Assembly, how far can a speech by a religious leader of a Christian matrix go, covered by religious freedom and freedom of expression and also some proposals for these problematic situations of contemporary legal practice, reflecting on possible referrals towards the realization of religious freedom in line with the secularization of the Democratic State of Law.

Autonomous robots have the potential to accomplisha wide variety of assignments. For this to work in reality, therobots need to be able to perform specific tasks while safety forboth them and their environment is ensured. Signal temporallogic (STL) was used to define timed tasks for the agents toperform and control barrier functions (CBFs) were used to designa controller for their movements. In this paper, a set of STL taskswere considered, which two robots were instructed to satisfy in asimulation of a warehouse environment. The two agents startednext to each other, then the set of tasks instructed them to move totwo separate areas, then meet up again and move in a formationback towards their starting area. Control barrier functions wereemployed to ensure the satisfaction of the set of STL tasks.The agents designed their actions towards satisfying the giventasks without considering a safety distance to the other robot atfirst. To later ensure safety, a collision avoidance mechanism wasintroduced. The scenario without collision avoidance proved moreeffective paths for the agents. They moved to satisfy the tasks withless disturbance than the scenario where collision avoidance wasconsidered. However, the scenario with the collision avoidancemechanism proved successful and the agents satisfied their taskswithout colliding with each other. / Autonoma robotar har potential att utföra en stor mängd olika uppgifter. För att detta ska fungera i verkligheten, behöver robotarna kunna genomföra specifika uppgifter medans både deras egen och omgivningens säkerhet är säkerställd. Signal temporal logic (STL) användes för att definiera tidsinställda uppgifter åt robotarna att utföra och control barrier functions (CBFs) användes för att designa en controller för deras rörelser. I den här rapporten betraktades en uppsättning av STL-uppgifter, vilka två robotar instruerades att uppfylla i en simulering av en lagermiljö. De två robotarna startade bredvid varandra, sen instruerade STL-uppgifterna dem att röra sig till två separata områden, sen mötas upp igen och röra sig i formation tillbaka mot sitt startområde. Control barrier functions användes för att garantera uppfyllandet av STL-uppgifterna. Robotarna anpassade sina rörelser till att uppfylla de givna uppgifterna, först utan hänsyn till någon säkerhetsmarginal till den andra roboten. För att senare garantera säkerhet introducerades en extra mekanism för att undvika kollision. Scenariot utan att undvika kollision visade på effektivare rörelsebanor hos robotarna. De rörde sig mot att uppfylla uppgifterna med färre störningar än scenariot då kollision aktivt undveks. Scenariot med mekanismen för att dock framgångsrikt och robotarna e sina uppgifter utan att kollidera med varandra. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2021, KTH, Stockholm

<p dir="ltr">Metal ions are typically considered a nuisance for mass spectrometry, as they can introduce chemical noise and distribute an analyte’s signal into multiple peaks. In some cases however, metal ions in biological solutions are either necessary for biomolecular structures, or so ubiquitous in a sample’s native solution conditions that they are difficult to fully remove. In this work, the role of metal ions in biological analytes is explored. For analytes that require metal ions to maintain higher order structures, a mass spectrometry method was developed to determine whether a stable structure is formed from metal ion adducts, or if the metal ion adducts are nonspecifically bound. Electron transfer of these structures reveals complementary fragmentation information, with the added discovery of new radical fragmentation pathways. With mass spectrometry, specific ligand and metal ion affinities can even be determined for analytes at low enough concentrations. In addition to analytes that require metals, an exploration on unwanted metal ion adduction during the electrospray ionization process is shown via gas-phase ion/ion reactions. Observing how specific anionic ligands exchange metals with protons from proteins on a small and controlled scale gives a greater understanding of what solutions can lead to the cleanest results. In addition, this work shows the possibility of finding anionic ligands that will instead exchange protons with metal ions found on proteins. In the gas-phase, these experiments have a high degree of control, leading to a much greater understanding of how metal ions influence mass spectrometry samples.</p>

We develop a detailed, large-scale, airspace planning and collaborative decision-making model (APCDM), that is part of an $11.5B, 10-year, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-sponsored effort to increase U.S. National Airspace (NAS) capacity by 30 percent. Given a set of flights that must be scheduled during some planning horizon, we use a mixed-integer programming formulation to select a set of flight plans from among alternatives subject to flight safety, air traffic control workload, and airline equity constraints. Novel contributions of this research include three-dimensional probabilistic conflict analyses, the derivation of valid inequalities to tighten the conflict safety representation constraints, the development of workload metrics based on average (and its variance from) peak load measures, and the consideration of equity among airline carriers in absorbing the costs related to re-routing, delays, and cancellations. We also propose an improved set of flight plan cost factors for representing system costs and investigating fairness issues by addressing flight dependencies occurring in hubbed operations, as well as market factors such as schedule convenience, reliability, and the timeliness of connections. The APCDM model has potential use for both tactical and strategic applications, such as air traffic control in response to severe weather phenomenon or spacecraft launches, FAA policy evaluation, Homeland Defense contingency planning, and military air campaign planning. The model is tested to consider various airspace restriction scenarios imposed by dynamic severe weather systems and space launch Special Use Airspace (SUA) impositions. The results from this model can also serve to augment the FAA's National Playbook of standardized flight profiles in different disruption-prone regions of the National Airspace. / Ph. D.