Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Falcone.pdf: 2322508 bytes, checksum: aa7fd42a85ac89e83485953407c2ac71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-26 / In the era of knowledge, by triggering a real technology race by the various economic agents, the industrial property, more than an exclusive right, consists in a powerful instrument of competition. Unfortunately, such a facet of industrial property has never been exploited and disseminated either by the local legal community or national companies. The first one preferred to adopt a position characterized by a strong social appeal (not always technically grounded) and the second ones did not do so because they simply lacked a culture of protection of their intangible assets. A simplistic and perfunctory judgment of the matter may suggest that industrial property and competition law are two areas of Law completely antagonistic and irreconcilable with each other. Such a construction could jeopardize the legal safety that economic agents need to invest in scientific development and technology research. This study therefore aims at examining, in a scientific fashion, the relationship between industrial property law and competition law. First and foremost, an assessment of both foreign and Brazilian experiences will be conducted as a preparatory field for a principiologic analysis of both areas of Law. Once the relevant principles are identified in both foreign and Brazilian experiences according to the deductive method, it will be investigated which principles are either coincident or harmonic and the theoretical formulation of Robert Alexy will be applied to cases of conflict, in order to demonstrate that the relationship between both legal areas is actually harmonic and complementary / entre os vários agentes econômicos, a propriedade industrial, antes de um direito de exclusiva, consiste num poderoso instrumento de concorrência. Esta faceta da propriedade industrial infelizmente não foi, até o momento, explorada e difundida tanto entre a comunidade jurídica local quanto pelo empresariado brasileiro. A primeira preferiu um discurso pautado em forte apelo social (e nem sempre tecnicamente fundamentado); e o segundo não o fez simplesmente porque lhe faltava a cultura da proteção de seu capital imaterial. Uma análise simplista e perfunctória da questão poderia levar ao entendimento de que a propriedade industrial e o direito da concorrência seriam duas áreas da ciência jurídica completamente antagônicas e inconciliáveis, interpretação esta que poderia colocar em risco a segurança jurídica de que os agentes econômicos necessitam para investir em desenvolvimento científico e pesquisa tecnológica. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste, pois, em discorrer, de forma científica, sobre as relações entre direito de propriedade industrial e defesa da concorrência. Proceder-se-á, por primeiro, a um estudo da experiência estrangeira e brasileira como campo preparatório para a análise principiológica. Uma vez identificados os princípios atinentes aos dois campos do direito, extraídos da experiência estrangeira e brasileira segundo método dedutivo, investigar-se-ão quais são coincidentes ou harmônicos e aplicar-se-á a formulação teórica de Robert Alexy aos casos de colisão, a fim de demonstrar que a relação existente entre ambos é, em verdade, de harmonia e complementaridade

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aldo Augusto Martinez Neto.pdf: 757911 bytes, checksum: 1c69678c8e3179bcd8642b3584bfe737 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-18 / The overcoming of legal positivism, as well as recognition of the normative force of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, led the incidence of human rights in private relations, among them labor relations with emphasis on employment agreement. As employees and employers are both holders of human rights, there are situations in which it checks for collision between the opposing fundamental rights. In order to solve the contradiction of human rights it is necessary to apply the principle of proportionality (adequacy, necessity and proportionality in the strict sense). We applied the principle of proportionality to reexamine the assumptions of non-compete clause to be effective after employment agreement termination in view of the collision between employees‟ human rights of freedom of work and employer's human rights of property. Applying the principle of proportionality it is possible to conclude that non-competition clause is in compliance with Brazilian labor legislation if the agreement observes the following assumptions: (i) justification for the restriction cause, (ii) temporal and geographical limitations, (iii) description of the activities and constraint of the object and (iv) financial compensation / A superação do positivismo jurídico, bem como o reconhecimento da força normativa da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil (CRFB), propiciaram a incidência dos direitos fundamentais nas relações privadas, dentre elas as relações trabalhistas, com ênfase no contrato individual do trabalho. Como empregados e empregadores são ambos titulares de direitos fundamentais, há situações em que se verifica a existência de colisão entre os direitos fundamentais opostos. Para solucionar esta antinomia de direitos fundamentais recorre-se ao princípio da proporcionalidade (adequação, necessidade e proporcionalidade em sentido estrito). Aplicou-se o princípio da proporcionalidade para examinar os pressupostos de licitude da cláusula de não concorrência com vigência após o encerramento do contrato individual do trabalho em vistas à colisão entre os direitos fundamentais de liberdade de trabalho do empregado e de propriedade do empregador. Através do princípio da proporcionalidade chega-se à conclusão da licitude da cláusula de não concorrência desde que observados os seguintes pressupostos: (i) motivação da restrição, (ii) limitação temporal e geográfica, (iii) descrição das atividades objeto da restrição e (iv) compensação financeira

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Massao Nakamura.pdf: 1190397 bytes, checksum: 3c7a62fb85a2dd871ce4c480a682e0be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-17 / The doctrine has shown that the difference between rules and principles is characterized by a structural and content difference where rules are more specific and determined, and principles belong to an open set with a high degree of generality. The constitutionalization of civil law implied the verticalization of these principles throughout all the law system. This has led to rising conflicts between constitutionally protected individual rights mainly due to the horizontal efficacy verified in private relationships. As a means of conflict resolution, in case of conflicts involving constitutionally protected rights of the same hierarchy, we propose the application of proportionality rules. This is a well known tool in the constitutional area, but still of little use in private law practice / A doutrina tem demonstrado que a diferença entre regras e princípios caracteriza-se por uma diferença estrutural onde as regras têm um conteúdo mais determinado, mais específico, e os princípios apresentam-se como enunciados abertos com um alto grau de generalidade. A constitucionalização do direito civil implicou na verticalização desses princípios em todo o ordenamento, levando à colisão entre direitos constitucionalmente protegidos nas relações entre particulares, devido à eficácia horizontal nas relações privadas. Como forma de solução de conflitos, onde ocorre colisão entre direitos constitucionalmente protegidos de mesma hierarquia, propomos a utilização da proporcionalidade, ferramenta que embora sedimentada na área constitucional, é pouco ou quase nada utilizada no direito privado

En réponse au nombre toujours élevé de décès provoqués par les accidents routiers, l'industrie automobile a fait de la sécurité un sujet majeur de son activité global. Les radars automobiles qui étaient de simples capteurs pour véhicule de confort, sont devenus des éléments essentiels de la norme de sécurité routière. Le domaine de l’automobile est un domaine très exigent en terme de sécurité et les radars automobiles doivent avoir des performances de détection très élevées et doivent répondre à des nombreuses contraintes telles que la facilité de production et/ou le faible coût. Cette thèse concerne le développement d’algorithmes pour la détection et la localisation de piétons et de cyclistes pour des radars automobiles de nouvelle génération. Nous avons proposé une architecture de réseau d'antennes non uniforme optimale et des méthodes d'estimation spectrale à haute résolution permettant d’estimer avec précision la position angulaire des objets à partir de la direction d'arrivée (DoA) de leur réponse. Ces techniques sont adaptées à l'architecture du réseau d'antennes proposé et les performances sont évaluées à l'aide de données radar automobiles simulées et réelles acquises dans le cadre de scénarios spécifiques. Nous avons également proposé un détecteur de cible de collision, basé sur la décomposition en sous-espaces Doppler, dont l'objectif principal est d'identifier des cibles latérales dont les caractéristiques de trajectoire représentent potentiellement un danger de collision. Une méthode de calcul d'attribut de cible est également développée et un algorithme de classification est proposé pour discriminer les piétons, cyclistes et véhicules. Les différents algorithmes sont évalués et validés à l'aide de données radar automobiles réelles sur plusieurs scenarios. / In response to the persistently high number of deaths provoked by road crashes, the automotive industry has promoted safety as a major topic in their global activity. Automotive radars have been transformed from being simple sensors for comfort vehicle, to becoming essential elements of safety standard. The design of new generations automotive radars has to face various constraints and generally proposes a compromise between reliability, robustness, manufacturability, high-performance and low cost. The main objective of this PhD thesis is to design algorithms for the detection and localization of pedestrians and cyclists using new generation automotive radars. We propose an optimal non-uniform antenna array architecture and some high resolution spectral estimation methods to accurately estimate the position of objects from the direction of arrival (DOA) of their responses to the radar. These techniques are adapted to the proposed antenna array architecture and the performance is evaluated using both simulated and real automotive radar data, acquired in the frame of specific scenarios. We propose a collision target detector, based on the orthogonality of angle-Doppler subspaces, whose main goal is to identify lateral targets, whose trajectory features represent potentially a danger of collision. A target attribute calculation method is also developed and classification algorithm is proposed to classify pedestrian, cyclists and vehicles. This classification algorithm is evaluated and validated using real automotive radar data with several scenarios.

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to expand the knowledge of how wheel motor currents can be combined with machine learning to be used in a collision detection system for autonomous robots, in order to decrease the number of external sensors and open new design opportunities and lowering production costs. Method – The study is conducted with design science research where two artefacts are developed in a cooperation with Globe Tools Group. The artefacts are evaluated in how they categorize data given by an autonomous robot in the two categories collision and non-collision. The artefacts are then tested by generated data to analyse their ability to categorize. Findings – Both artefacts showed a 100 % accuracy in detecting the collisions in the given data by the autonomous robot. In the second part of the experiment the artefacts show that they have different decision boundaries in how they categorize the data, which will make them useful in different applications. Implications – The study contributes to an expanding knowledge in how machine learning and wheel motor currents can be used in a collision detection system. The results can lead to lowering production costs and opening new design opportunities. Limitations – The data used in the study is gathered by an autonomous robot which only did frontal collisions on an artificial lawn. Keywords – Machine learning, K-Nearest Neighbour, Multilayer Perceptron, collision detection, autonomous robots, Collison detection based on current. / Syfte – Studiens syfte är att utöka kunskapen om hur hjulmotorstömmar kan kombineras med maskininlärning för att användas vid kollisionsdetektion hos autonoma robotar, detta för att kunna minska antalet krävda externa sensorer hos dessa robotar och på så sätt öppna upp design möjligheter samt minska produktionskostnader Metod – Studien genomfördes med design science research där två artefakter utvecklades i samarbete med Globe Tools Group. Artefakterna utvärderades sedan i hur de kategoriserade kollisioner utifrån en given datamängd som genererades från en autonom gräsklippare. Studiens experiment introducerade sedan in data som inte ingick i samma datamängd för att se hur metoderna kategoriserade detta. Resultat – Artefakterna klarade med 100% noggrannhet att detektera kollisioner i den giva datamängden som genererades. Dock har de två olika artefakterna olika beslutsregioner i hur de kategoriserar datamängderna till kollision samt icke-kollisioner, vilket kan ge dom olika användningsområden Implikationer – Examensarbetet bidrar till en ökad kunskap om hur maskininlärning och hjulmotorströmmar kan användas i ett kollisionsdetekteringssystem. Studiens resultat kan bidra till minskade kostnader i produktion samt nya design möjligheter Begränsningar – Datamängden som användes i studien samlades endast in av en autonom gräsklippare som gjorde frontalkrockar med underlaget konstgräs. Nyckelord – Maskininlärning, K-nearest neighbor, Multi-layer perceptron, kollisionsdetektion, autonoma robotar

This thesis presents a real-time autonomous guidance and control method for a quadrotor in a GPS-denied environment. The quadrotor autonomously seeks a destination while it avoids obstacles whose shape and position are initially unknown. We implement the obstacle avoidance and destination seeking methods using off-the-shelf sensors, including a vision-sensing camera. The vision-sensing camera detects the positions of points on the surface of obstacles. We use this obstacle position data and a potential-field method to generate velocity commands. We present a backstepping controller that uses the velocity commands to generate the quadrotor's control inputs. In indoor experiments, we demonstrate that the guidance and control methods provide the quadrotor with sufficient autonomy to fly point to point, while avoiding obstacles.

Les processus élémentaires hétérogènes à l’interface gaz-solide présentent un intérêt fondamental dans de nombreux domaines tels que la catalyse hétérogène, la chimie atmosphérique et des milieux interstellaires, la rentrée atmosphérique de véhicules spatiaux ou encore la description des interactions plama-paroi. Cette thèse a pour objet l’étude de la dynamique des processus de collision non réactive de l’azote N2 sur une surface de tungstène W(100) et des processus de recombinaison moléculaire de l’hydrogène H2 sur des surfaces de tungstène W(100) et W(110). Leur dynamique quasi classique est simulée au moyen de surfaces d’énergie potentielle préalablement construites à partir de calculs de théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité. Un potentiel multi-adsorbats est notamment développé pour tenir compte du taux de couverture de surface afin d’étudier la compétition entre la recombinaison directe, de type Eley-Rideal et la recombinaison par « atomes chauds » après diffusion hyperthermique d’un atome sur la surface. / Heterogeneous elementary processes at the gas-solid interface are ofgreat interest in many domains such as heterogeneous catalysis, atmospheric and interstellar media chemistry, spacecraft atmospheric re-entry and plasma-wall interactions description. This thesis focus on the dynamics of nitrogen, N2, non reactive scattering on a tungsten W(100) surface and hydrogen, H2, recombination processes on tungsten surfaces W(100) and W(110). The quasiclassical dynamics of these processes is simulated using potential energy surfaces based on density functional theory calculations. In particular, a multi-adsorbate potential is developed to include surface coverage in the dynamics simulation in order to scrutinize the interplay between both direct abstraction, the so-called Eley-Rideal recombination,and the Hot-Atom recombination process after hyperthermal diffusion on the surface

On 10 February 1964 during naval night exercises off the south coast of Australia, the destroyer HMAS Voyager was lost after colliding with the aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne. 82 men were killed. Following the collision, there were two Royal Commissions that sustained a political controversy that lasted for over four years. This thesis examines the loss of Voyager as a watershed in the operational and administrative history of the RAN and as a major event in Australian national history. This study has four broad objectives: to describe the loss of Voyager and the long running controversy that accompanied the disaster; to offer a convincing explanation of the causes of the collision and why two royal commissions concluded that the causes for the disaster were inexplicable; to assess the effect on the RAN, in terms of specific reforms and its influence on Service culture and professional ethos, of the disaster and the inquiries that followed; and finally, to analyse the loss of Voyager as a media and political cause celebre in Australian history. As so little has been written about Voyager using primary sources, this thesis was committed to detailed description of events as well as analysis of themes. This thesis draws upon an extensive body of primary source material in the form of official naval and Royal Commission records to which complete access was given; several large collections of private papers; over one hundred interviews with principal participants; and comprehensive files of press cuttings. The discussion seeks to demonstrate that a series of naval accidents preceding the loss of Voyager contributed in a substantial way to shaping the public reaction to, and political handling of, the disaster; that the method of inquiry played a major role in generating public and political disquiet; that the collision was both a catalyst and stimulus to change in naval operations and reform in naval administration; that the inability of two Royal Commissions to ascertain the causes of the collision and then to public suspicion of a cover-up; and, that the collision was most probably caused by the incorrect relaying of a tactical signal on the bridge of Voyager. The loss of HMAS Voyager appears to be a key event in the development of the RAN, not as a direct result of the collision or its causes, but as a consequence of its long and controversial aftermath.

Ce mémoire de HDR résume les dix dernières années de recherche effectuée au Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée sur l'accélération d'électrons par interaction laser-plasma. Les résultats principaux sont l'obtention d'une source d'électrons relativiste (100-300 MeV), mono-énergétique, ultracourte (quelques fs), compacte (quelques millimètres), stable et réglable. Le manuscrit décrit les étapes qui ont permis d'élucider la physique en jeu puis de la maîtriser, ce qui a finalement abouti à la génération de cette nouvelle source. Les aspects de propagation non linéaire de l'impulsion laser dans un plasma sous-dense sont tout d'abord traités: la création d'onde de sillage linéaire et non linéaire, l'auto-focalisation relativiste et pondéromotrice d'impulsions courtes et intenses, l'auto-compression dans les ondes plasmas. Puis l'accélération et l'injection des électrons dans les ondes de sillage est rappelée d'un point de vue théorique. La démonstration expérimentale de l'injection des électrons dans le régime de la bulle et/ou par collision de deux impulsions laser est ensuite développée. Ces expériences ont été parmi les premières à permettre l'obtention de faisceaux mono-énergétiques de bonne qualité dans un premier temps, et stable et réglable dans un deuxième temps. Les deux derniers chapitres sont consacrés aux diagnostics du faisceau d'électrons par rayonnement de transition puis aux applications en radiographie gamma et radiothérapie. Finalement les perspectives de cette recherche sont présentées en conclusion. En particulier, on s'est intéressé aux paramètres atteignables sur les lasers petawatt en cours de construction.

La fonction d'onde de deux particules après<br />une interaction mutuelle ne peut pas, en général, être exprimée<br />comme le produit d'états individuels des particules. Pour qu'une<br />collision atomique puisse produire une intrication<br />maximale, il faut cependant des conditions exceptionnelles. Ces<br />conditions sont réunies dans notre dispositif, où l'interaction<br />dipôle-dipôle entre atomes de Rydberg "à deux niveaux" peut être<br />stimulée par une cavité supraconductrice non-résonnante. En<br />exploitant cet effet, nous avons réalisé des états fortement<br />intriqués dans des collisions binaires avec des paramètres<br />d'impact de l'ordre du millimètre. L'angle de collision peut être<br />varié en modifiant le désaccord atomes-cavité, ce qui nous a<br />permis d'observer l'échange d'énergie réversible et cohérent<br />(oscillation de Rabi) entre deux atomes. Par un choix opportun des<br />valeurs des paramètres, nous avons en particulier réalisé et testé<br />une paire 'EPR' d'atomes. La relative insensibilité de cette<br />méthode d'intrication au facteur de qualité du résonateur rend sa<br />fidélité compatible avec des expériences de violation des<br />inégalités de Bell ainsi qu'avec la manipulation cohérente d'un<br />nombre plus important d'atomes. Nous présentons en outre une<br />nouvelle procédure de fabrication des cavités micro-ondes. Les<br />nouvelles cavités devraient en particulier permettre l'extension<br />des études sur l'intrication aux champs confinés dans deux<br />résonateurs séparés.