Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, Florianópolis, 2015. / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-05T04:07:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 333154.pdf: 1695251 bytes, checksum: c895ea1c458c124afceff8c6c837ab3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Na primeira metade do século XX, consolidou-se na medicina um campo de conhecimento diretamente preocupado com a saúde dos trabalhadores. Em contraste com a higiene social e os esforços caraterísticos da saúde pública, a medicina do trabalho visava prevenir os acidentes de trabalho e diagnosticar doenças que afetavam especificamente os trabalhadores. As razões para o surgimento da medicina do trabalho mudam de um país para outro, mas pesquisas recentes sugerem que houve avanços definitivos neste campo em torno da década de 1930. A medicina do trabalho contrasta com outras formas de medicina, principalmente, porque seu objeto de estudo são cidadãos trabalhadores, amparados por certos direitos sociais. Existe, certamente, ampla discussão sobre estes temas sob outros pontos de vista. Contudo, parte-se do pressuposto que, na Colômbia, os trabalhadores são sujeitos do direito positivo, desde a lei n. 57 de 1915, sobre acidentes de trabalho, e que a Reforma Constitucional de 1936 reiterou o trabalho como um direito social. Coerente com esta ideia de cidadania social, os capítulos foram construídos sobre a ideia de que a saúde dos trabalhadores deve ser entendida em sua dimensão e complexidade, considerando-se o processo de objetivação médica das questões relativas ao trabalho e o processo de legitimação e institucionalização destes aspectos. Daí que o primeiro capítulo, analise o problema das doenças sociais, mais concretamente o alcoolismo, reflete sobre a emergência da fadiga no discurso médico colombiano e, por último, busca analisar o debate sobre o fator humano, fundamental para a emergência de uma nova forma de se observar o corpo do trabalhador. No segundo e terceiro capítulos, procurou-se compreender quando e como se passou das perspectivas do infortúnio para a do acidente de trabalho; da enfermidade para a da doença profissional. Todo isso vinculado a uma série de transformações discursivas e legislativas. No quarto capítulo, analisou-se o contexto histórico e o processo de formação e funcionamento do Escritório Geral do Trabalho e da Inspeção Nacional do Trabalho. O conjunto, mostra a emergência de um saber sobre os corpos em risco e o processo concomitante de surgimento da legislação trabalhista no que tange concretamente a questões de saúde e, por sua vez, as instituições laborais correlatas.<br> / Abstract : In the first half of the 20th century, a medical specialty concerned with workers' health was consolidated. In contrast to social hygiene and the efforts on public health, the occupational medicine aimed at preventing work-related accidents, and diagnose diseases specifically affecting the workers. The reasons for the consolidation of occupational medicine change from one country to another, but recent research suggests that there was a critical progress in this field around the 1930?s. The occupational medicine contrasts with other forms of medicine, mainly because their objects of study are working citizens who are protected by certain social rights. In Colombia, workers are subject of positive law, pursuant to Act 57 of 1915 regarding accidents at work, and the Constitutional Amendment of 1936 reaffirmed work as a social right. Consistent with this idea of social citizenship, the chapters to this thesis were written upon the basis that workers' health must be understood in its size and complexity, considering the process of objectification of the medical issues relating to the work, and the process of legitimization and institutionalization of these aspects. As a result, the first chapter analyzed the problem of social diseases, specifically alcoholism, reflected on the emergence of fatigue in the medical discourse in Colombia, and analyzed the discussion on the human factor, which is critical for the emergence of a new manner of observing the body of the worker. The second and third chapters sought to understand when and how the word misfortune became work accident, and the word illness became occupational disease, being all these factors linked to a series of discursive and legislative changes. The fourth chapter analyzed the historical background and the process of formation and functioning of the General Office for Labor Affairs and the National Labor Inspection. Said chapters show the need for knowledge about the bodies at risk and the accompanying process of the creation of such labor legislation specifically concerning health issues, and the labor institutions related thereto.

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar desde una perspectiva crítica del género el papel que desempeñan las mujeres al interior del grupo guerrillero colombiano – Ejército de Liberación Nacional ELN- a partir del examen de diversas fuentes que posibiliten visibilizar algunas reflexiones respecto a su posición y condición como mujeres en este grupo armado.

Orientador: Valeriano Mendes Ferreira Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T08:11:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BuenoRojas_JavierMauricio_M.pdf: 1103937 bytes, checksum: 00b079fc9d0b0ffed010eff55dd34488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A interconexão permanente dos migrantes com seus países de origem é a característica diferencial dos deslocamentos internacionais contemporâneos. Este trabalho focaliza duas manifestações dessa particularidade que emergem de maneira simultânea na América Latina: o crescimento das transferências de dinheiro que os migrantes enviam a seus países de origem (remessas) e a mudança de atitude destes estados emissores de população, ao outorgarem direitos e elaborarem programas para reintegrar seus deslocados aos respectivos projetos nacionais. Através de uma recopilação de dados demográficos e cifras sobre o comportamento das remessas, os dois primeiros capítulos dão conta da evolução volumétrica dos fluxos populacionais e monetários na região da América Latina e o Caribe desde 1990. Uma síntese bibliográfica de alguns estudos de caso elaborados em torno da influência desse dinheiro nas economias receptoras é apresentada no segundo capítulo. Os três capítulos subseqüentes examinam o contexto particular colombiano em termos de saídas de pessoas e entradas de dinheiro no País na última década do século XX. O quarto capítulo é um levantamento documental das medidas que as instituições colombianas têm intensificado para se aproximar de seus emigrados nos últimos quinze anos, outorgando-lhes direitos e incluindo-os em suas agendas políticas e sociais. Por último, discute-se quais são as implicações políticas e repercussões institucionais na prática do circuito migração ¿remessas ¿ re-incorporação / Abstract: The permanent interconnection of the migrants with its native countries is the distinguishing characteristic of the international dispIacements in the contemporary age. This work focuses on two manifestations of this particularitity that emerge simultaneously in Latin America: the growth of the money transferences that the migrants send its native countries (remittances) and the change of attitude of these emitting states, granting rights and elaborating programs to reintegrate disIocated peopIe to its respective national projects. Through a recopilation of demographic data and ciphers on the behavior of the remittances, the two first chapters give an account of the volumetric evolution of the population and monetary flows in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean since 1990. A bibliographical synthesis of some studies of case around the influence of this money in the receiving economies is presented in the chapter three. The three subsequent chapters examine the Colombian particular context in terms of exits of peopIe and money entrances in the country in the Iast decade of century XX. The next chapter is a documentary survey of the measures that the Colombian institutions have impIemented to attract its emigrated in the Iast fifteen years, granting them rights and including them in its social agendas. Finally, we discuss the political implications of the circuit: migration - remittances - re-incorporation / Mestrado / Ciencia Politica / Mestre em Ciência Política

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In recent years, social capital has emerged at the forefront of comparative research in the areas of philanthropy, community development and international aid. The predominant body of research has been conducted in the United States, Netherlands, and other Northern/Western contexts. From this body of knowledge, the academic community has begun to tease out how philanthropic traditions arise within and adapt to a given cultural context. Stemming from the assertions of Fukuyama, Putnam and Banfield, a theory has emerged that high levels of social capital is connected to high levels of philanthropic support (money and time), and low levels of social capital is connected to low levels of philanthropic support. This is to be expected since, theoretically, in cultures with less trust and civic behavior, there is a higher cost to giving and volunteering, and therefore people give less. Research conducted in American and Dutch communities suggests that a high level of philanthropic behavior is expected to be found in places where people share a high level of social capital (Putnam, 2000); that individuals who have more social capital in terms of access to social networks are more likely to be charitable (Brooks, 2005; Brown and Ferris, 2007); that a donor’s perception that a nonprofit organization is trustworthy affects his or her decision to give (Bekkers, 2003); and that an individual’s participation in different types of civic networks relies on varying levels of social trust (Uslaner, 2002). Colombia offers an interesting case study of the interplay between social capital and philanthropy because much is known about the Colombian citizenry’s propensity to trust and associate. Additionally, the incredible growth of nonprofits in Colombia and Latin America since the early 1990s has spurred an increase in qualitative research surrounding Latin American philanthropy.

El presente documento expone mi experiencia laboral como controladora de proyectos internacionales de San Martin Contratistas Generales S.A. En esta empresa estuve encargada de liderar la producción de pronósticos internacionales de los proyectos de Colombia y España. Así como el análisis de escenarios, alertas tempranas y planes de acción vinculados a un adecuado seguimiento de indicadores como parte de la retroalimentación del ciclo de planificación y mejora continua. Específicamente, la experiencia laboral expuesta trata de la generación de un modelo de control de costos indirectos para los dos proyectos en Colombia. En general, la importancia del diseño e implementación del control de los costos indirectos radica en la relevancia a nivel de participación sobre el total de costos. En ese sentido, el modelo de control de costos indirectos, generación de indicadores, y métricas de seguimiento y control fueron claves para una adecuada eficiencia del manejo de costos. De esta manera, mi trabajo como controladora de proyectos y Project Management Professional (PMP) se centró en el proceso de diseño, implementación y monitoreo de los resultados del modelo de indirectos para Colombia, el cual sería posteriormente replicado en la casa matriz.

This research evaluates the relationship of social capital with the integration of processes in the supply chain management in companies of the real sector in Colombia, mediated by their organizational size and the uncertainty of the environment. For this purpose, 232 companies associated to the real sector in Colombia were surveyed and with the information obtained, multivariate analysis of structural equations was made with the SPSS and AMOS tools. As a result, there is a significant direct relationship between social capital and the integration of processes in the supply chain management, thus social capital was identified as a fundamental determinant in efforts to integrate the supply chain, unlike the mediating variables analyzed (size and uncertainty of the environment). / Esta investigación evalúa la relación del capital social (CS) con la integración de los procesos en la gestión de cadenas de abastecimiento (SCI) en empresas del sector real en Colombia, mediada por las variables del tamaño organizacional (S) y la incertidumbre del entorno (UE). Para esto, se encuestaron 232 directivos de empresas asociadas al sector real en Colombia y con la información obtenida se realizó análisis multivariante de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) con la herramienta SPSS y AMOS. Como resultado, se evidencia una relación directa significativa del CS sobre la SCI. Las variables mediadoras no registran significancia en el análisis.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research assignment deals with the breakdown in the Clausewitzian concept of the modern trinitarian structure of war. Martin Van Creveld in his book entitled, “The Transformation of War” written in 1991, discusses ‘Future War’ and the way in which wars will be fought. It will not be the highly technical interstate kind of war the West has been preparing for, but rather low intensity conflict where the lines between state, soldier and civilian become blurred, society becomes a war zone and the conflict becomes a more direct experience for the people. Colombia is a prime example of where this is occurring and the most salient manifestation of the low intensity conflict is the blurring of the lines between war and crime. There are left wing guerrillas fighting for social justice for the dispossessed population, but their tactics resemble crime and the government views them as terrorists. They run a self-sufficient organisation, one of the most profitable insurgent groups in the world largely funded through kidnap ransom payments. The right-wing paramilitaries are on a quest to cleanse Colombian society of the guerrillas and assassinate suspected guerrilla sympathisers. To complicate issues, both insurgent groups are involved in the drug trafficking trade, whether it be directly or by way of taxing land on which coca is grown. In this situation, war and crime have become inextricably linked and a distinction between the two is impossible on both practical and conceptual levels. However, if it is not crime and it is not war, but a complicated melange of the two, a new framework for analysis is required in order to attempt a solution. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingsprojek gaan oor die ineenstorting van die Clausewitziaanse begrip van die moderne Trinitariese oorlogstruktuur. In sy boek, getiteld "The Transformation of War" wat in 1991 geskryf is, bespreek Martin van Creveld die 'toekomstige oorlog' en die wyse waarop oorloë gevoer staan te word. Dit sal nie die hoogs tegniese interstaatlike soort oorlog wees waarvoor die Weste hom voorberei nie, maar eerder 'n lae intensiteitskonflik waar die lyne tussen die staat, soldaat en burgerlike ineenvloei; die gemeenskap word 'n oorlogsone en die konflik word 'n direkte ervaring vir die bevolking. Kolombië is 'n goeie voorbeeld van waar dit besig is om plaas te vind en die mees kenmerkende manifestasie van die lae intenstiteitskonflik is die vervloeiing van die skeidslyne tussen oorlog en misdaad. Daar is linksgesinde guerrillas wat om sosiale geregtigheid veg namens die onteiende bevolking, maar hul taktiek kom voor soos misdaad; en die regering beskou hulle inderdaad as misdadigers. Hulle beheer 'n selfversorgende organisasie, een van die winsgewendste versetsgroepe in die wêreld wat tot 'n groot mate gefinansier word by wyse van ontvoering van mense, met die eis van lospryse vir vrybetaling. Die regsgesinde paramilitêre groepe is op 'n sending om die Kolombiaanse gemeenskap te suiwer van die guerrillas en bring vermeende guerrilla simpatiseerders om die lewe. Om sake te kompliseer, is albei opstandsgroepe betrokke in die dwelmsmokkelhandel, hetsy direk, of indirek by wyse van belasting op die grond waarop coca gekweek word. In hierdie situasie het oorlog en misdaad onteenseglik verweefd met mekaar geraak en is dit nie moontlik om enige onderskeid tussen hulle te tref op hetsy die praktiese of die konseptuele vlakke nie. Indien dit dan nie oorlog is nie en ook nie misdaad nie, maar wel 'n ingewikkelde verweefdheid van die twee, dan word 'n nuwe analitiese raamwerk vereis om te poog om 'n oplossing te vind.

This thesis is an anthropological exploration of the envy of Aguabuena people, a small rural community of potters in the village of Ráquira, in the Boyacá region of Andean Colombia. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork among these potters, I propose an understanding of envy in Aguabuena as an existential experience, shaping relationships between the self and others in the world, crosscutting metaphysical and physical spheres, and balancing between corrosive and more empathetic ways of co-existence. Disclosing the multipresence of envy in Aguabuena's world, its effects on people (including the ethnographer), and the way envy is embodied, performed, reciprocated and circumvented by the potters, I locate envy in various contexts where it is said to be manifested. Furthermore, I discuss the complex spectrum of envy and its multivalent meanings, or oscillations, in the life of Aguabuena people. I also present interactions with people surrounding potters, such as Augustinian monks, crafts middlemen, and municipal authorities, all of whom recount the envy of potters. My research challenges previous anthropological interpretations on envy and provides an alternative reading of this phenomenon. Moving away from labelling and regulatory explanations of envy, performative models, or pathological interpretations of the subject, I analyse the lived experience of envy and how it encompasses different realms of experience as well as flows of social relations. While focusing on the tensions and entanglements that envy brings to potters, as it constrains social life but also activates and reinforces social bonds, I examine the channels through which envy circulates and how it is put into motion by potters. Additionally, my thesis intends to contribute to anthropological studies of rural pottery communities in Andean Colombia. I present my unfolding understanding of envy by using both the potters' concept and material detail, punto, location, referring to a spot from where Aguabuena people enter different vistas of the world, or denoting a precise time when things or materials change their physical qualities. Through this device, I disclose realms of envy, while seeking to immerse the reader in the lived experience of envy.

Since 2008, more than 50% of the world's population has lived in cities and it is projected that by 2050 around 87% will do so. Designing infrastructure in urban spaces has become increasingly critical for achieving human well-being. This dissertation examines socio-spatial transformation processes related to urbanization, economic development and the marginalization of utilitarian cycling in Cali, Colombia, as a particular expression of the struggle for transportation space occurring in urban areas. The research analyzes (a) the socio-spatial processes that have restricted the use of bicycles as a means of transportation in the city of Cali, Colombia; and (b) the social, health and economic implications for people who use bicycles as their primary means of transportation in this city. Cali is a major city in Latin America and an excellent case to study the complex dynamic of how social and economic forces are evident in resource distribution at the street level. Informed by Harvey's work (1976; 1978; 2012), combined with an environmental justice perspective (Bullard 2007), this research adopts a conceptual framework that examines the transformation of the built environment as part of capitalist led urbanization. It concludes that the implementation of transportation infrastructure was aimed at enabling productivity and profits, with less emphasis on the comprehensive needs of all citizens, ultimately marginalizing transportation options for those of lower socio-economic status. The experience in Cali can be understood as a case of consolidation of inequality at the street level. A historical review of Cali's urbanization process demonstrates that cycling as a mode of transportation has been losing social and physical space. Analysis of the political economy of more recent economic development initiatives suggest that the City, in responding to the demands of globalization, and in conjunction with international financial agencies and national government support has implemented a Bus Rapid Transit system and a set of megaprojects which marginalize bike commuters, particularly those who bike out of economic necessity. Although bike commuters recognize economic and health and time-saving benefits of biking to themselves as individuals they also experience daily travel in Cali as a classed, problematic, stigmatized, and transitory activity. From an environmental justice perspective, the resulting impact on residents, particularly, those of lower socioeconomic stratum, unmasks the uneven distribution of environmental benefits and harms. The marginalization of biking as a means of transportation in urban areas in Latin America may be understood as a social injustice similar to the deprivation of parks, schools, health services, or housing endured by residents of lower socioeconomic status.

El Sector Cafetero es uno de los impulsores de la economía en Colombia y específicamente el del sur del Tolima está buscando surgir como una fuente de ingreso estable para los caficultores y sus familias. Este plan es el resultado del análisis de los factores internos y externos que afectan el Sector Cafetero del Sur del Tolima y del análisis competitivo de Colombia y del sector cafetero. Luego de definir la visión, misión, valores, y el código de ética, dentro de este se identificaron las fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas, los factores clave de éxito, y las estrategias internas y externas que catapultarían el sector hacia estadios superiores de desarrollo. Las estrategias planteadas se basan en el desarrollo de cafés especiales, que son altamente valorados en el ámbito mundial, aprovechando que el café producido en el Tolima se caracteriza por su alto valor en taza frente a sus demás competidores. Debido a las condiciones económicas que se presentan en las materias primas en el ámbito mundial, se busca minimizar costos de producción con el fin de no afectar tanto el ingreso de las familias dedicadas a este negocio como la inversión privada que permita apoyar el negocio. De esta forma, se espera que para 2023 el café de la zona esté posicionado en el primer lugar de la producción nacional por medio de la implementación de prácticas que contribuyan al bienestar económico de las familias dedicadas a este negocio así como la implementación de prácticas que contribuyan al cuidado del medioambiente. / The coffee sector is one of the drivers of the economy in Colombia and specifically in the south of Tolima is seeking to emerge as a source of stable income for coffee farmers and their families. This plan is the result of the analysis of the internal and external factors concerning the coffee industry in the South of Tolima and the competitive analysis of Colombia and the coffee sector. After defining the vision, mission, values and code of ethics, it identified the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, key success factors and internal and external strategies that would catapult the sector towards higher stages of development. The strategies we propose are based on the development of special types of coffee, which are highly valued worldwide, taking advantage ofthe fact that the coffee produced in Tolima is characterized by its high value in cup compared to its other competitors. Due to the present situation of commodities in the world we try to minimize the production costs so the income of the families in the business and private investors are not affected. In this way we expect that by 2022 the coffee of this region will occupy the first place on the national production due to the implementation of strategies that led to economic prosperity of the families involved and also the implementation of practices leading to the protection of the environment. / Tesis