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Cognitive performance is a central part of a range of daily activities. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) interventions may improve cognitive performance by enhancing psychological flexibility. Previous research has found correlations between the constructs of psychological flexibility and cognitive flexibility (Whiting et al., 2017). However, there is a lack of empirical evidence to support the idea that enhancing psychological flexibility could enhance cognitive performance. The current study investigated whether a defusion exercise ‘The Observer’ could enhance cognitive performance in a nonclinical sample of adults (N=71). In addition, the study also sought to investigate whether a defusion exercise could have an effect on experienced levels of stress and also one’s evaluation of one’s own performance in comparison to others. Results indicated that there was no significant difference between the Defusion condition and Control condition regarding cognitive performance. Both conditions performed slightly worse post-intervention. No significant difference was found regarding the evaluations of one's own performance in comparison to others. However, the results showed that the defusion exercise had a positive effect in reducing experienced levels of stress for the Defusion condition compared to the Control condition.

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Pathologische Sorgen sind ungenau definiert. Für die Behandlungsplanung bleiben wichtige Fragen offen: Welche Merkmale sind für die Unterscheidung zwischen behandlungsbedürftigen und nicht behandlungsbedürftigen Sorgen relevant? Welche Art von Sorgen muss wie behandelt werden? Und: Welche Art von Sorgen gilt es eher zu akzeptieren? Wir machen praxisnahe Vorschläge dafür, wie Sorgen mittels einer einfachen Heuristik auch vom Patienten selbst als «pathologisch» identifiziert werden können. Im Sinne eines therapeutischen Arbeitsmodells ergeben sich differentielle Bearbeitungsstrategien, je nachdem, ob es sich um wichtige oder weniger wichtige, auf lösbare oder unlösbare Probleme bezogene sowie angemessene oder überzogene Sorgen handelt. Das vorgestellte Arbeitsblatt zu den Sorgen soll vor allem die wahrgenommene Kontrolle des Patienten stärken und die Psychoedukation zur Generalisierten Angststörung erleichtern. / Pathological worries have not yet been clearly defined. As a consequence, practically relevant questions remain open: Which characteristics distinguish worries relevant for treatment from those which are not? What kind of worries has to be treated in which way? And: What kind of worries is rather to be accepted? We propose a simple rationale which helps the therapist and the patient to identify pathological worries. According to this working model, different treatment strategies result depending on whether worries are central or not, whether they relate to a problem which can be solved or not, and whether they seem proportionate or exaggerated. The presented worksheet is meant to strengthen the perceived control of the patient and to help facilitate psychoeducation for generalised anxiety disorder. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Michaele Terena Saban.pdf: 1151659 bytes, checksum: 94dd30825fe6f10b8238f90f701afb68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-28 / The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the protocol adaptation "Live with Chronic Pain: An Acceptance-based Approach" (Vowles & Sorrell, 2007), based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (1999) in three participants with chronic pain who attended the Rehabilitation Centre and Day Hospital Psychiatry Institute of a public hospital in São Paulo. A multiple baseline design was used, where intervention was initiated to two participants at a time and the last participant to four weeks later. The forms of measurement data were questionnaires (Profile Questionnaire, Questionnaire History of Pain, Brief Pain Inventory, WHOQOL-Brev, HAD Scale and Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire) applied an initial interview, before the intervention, during, and 6-9 weeks follow-up depending on participant; observation time speech of the participants in the session; and an auto registration contingency in which the participant fulfilled when was in pain for a week before the intervention and during the weeks that occurred in the eight sessions. The results demonstrate that the intervention was benefit to participants, particularly in the reduction of pain episodes, reduction of medication use and rest due to pain. Comparing pre-intervention and follow-up, all participants improved in relation to anxiety and social relationships. The auto record was the instrument that yields information about the therapeutic process and was methodologically the most interesting option for measuring in this search / O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito da adaptação do protocolo Live with Chronic Pain: An Acceptance-based Approach (Vowles & Sorrell, 2007), baseado na Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso (1999) em três participantes com dor crônica que frequentavam o Centro de Reabilitação e Hospital Dia de um hospital público da cidade de São Paulo. Foi utilizado um delineamento de linha de base múltipla em que a intervenção foi iniciada para dois participantes num momento e para o último participante quatro semanas depois. As formas de mensuração dos dados foram questionários (Questionário de Perfil, Questionário de Histórico da Dor, Inventário Breve de Dor, WHOQOL-BREV, Escala HAD, e Questionário de Aceitação da Dor Crônica) aplicados numa entrevista inicial, antes da intervenção, durante, após e no seguimento de seis a nove semanas depois da intervenção a depender do participante; observação do tempo de fala dos participantes na sessão; e um auto-registro da contingência em que o participante sentia dor por uma semana antes da intervenção e no decorrer das semanas em que ocorreram as oito sessões. Os resultados demonstram que a intervenção beneficiou os participantes, principalmente na diminuição dos episódios de dor, na diminuição da utilização de medicação e descanso devido à dor. Comparando antes da intervenção e o seguimento, todos os participantes melhoraram em relação à ansiedade e suas relações sociais. O auto-registro foi o instrumento que mais forneceu informações sobre o processo terapêutico e mostrou-se metodologicamente a opção mais interessante de mensuração nesta pesquisa

Kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) har mest evidens vid social fobi, och på senare år har även guidad självhjälp baserad på KBT visat goda resultat. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) är en del av den tredje vågens KBT och har visat lovande resultat vid ångestsyndrom. Företrädare för ACT har varnat för riskerna med tekniker för att utmana negativa automatiska tankar. Studien syftar till att med en single case experimentell design med multipel baslinje (N=9) studera effekterna av kognitiv omstrukturering (KO) och kognitiv defusion (KD) i form av guidad självhjälp på social ångest, socialt undvikande, psykologisk flexibilitet, defusion, samt frekvens av och trovärdighet hos negativa automatiska tankar. Resultaten visade att KO och KD inte enbart påverkade de processer som teorierna predicerar utan även den andra behandlingens processer.

Att hitta preventiva metoder för att motverka ungdomars psykiska ohälsa är ett angeläget forskningsområde, både sett till mänskligt lidande för individen och ur ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv. Föreliggande kontrollerade studie, som är randomiserad stratifierat för kön avsåg undersöka om en gruppbaserad ACT-intervention (n=15) kunde vara statistiskt signifikant mer effektiv än sedvanligt omhändertagande (n=17) av ungdomar med eller i riskzonen för psykisk ohälsa. Psykisk ohälsa operationaliserades i termer av ångest, depression, stress, upplevd global livskvalitet, allmän psykisk hälsa, psykologisk flexibilitet, beteendemässigt och emotionellt undvikande, samt medveten närvaro. Resultatet visar att interventionen hade starka positiva effekter på stress, upplevd global livskvalitet och medveten närvaro, samt måttliga effekter på allmän psykisk hälsa, och svaga effekter på depression, ångest, psykologisk flexibilitet, beteendemässigt och emotionellt undvikande. P.g.a. det låga antalet deltagare och otillräcklig statistisk power uppnåddes statistisk säkerställda skillnader (<0,05) endast på två mått (stress och medveten närvaro). Vidare forskning bör undersöka effekterna över en längre tidsperiod, samt replikera studien i ett större format.