In this thesis we will focus on the concept of the influence of mass media and the Internet on human society, due to the development of the media from the first half of the twentieth century to the present time. The aim of the thesis is to use this research method to introduce options, which media dispose in order to influence the public opinion, spread an ideology, construct a distorted reality and enforce specific interests through effective media and marketing communication. The thesis therefore works also with a concept of interpellation as it was understood by Louis Althusser, thus in a manner of interpellative action through which information produced by an ideology can penetrate individuals' consciousness. The thesis illustrates these aspects of media and marketing communication on a campaign from the political marketing field, specifically Karel Schwarzenberg's presidential campaign from 2013. For these purposes, the work traces the development of critical theories of media and theories of communication structures in the concept of the Frankfurt School's thinkers, William John Thomas Mitchell, Vilém Flusser and George P. Landow. The selection of concepts and ideas from these sources is derived from attempts to analyze political communication as applied in the context of political campaigns....

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of communication in the mass media in terms of constructing the media reality and in terms of the relationship between media, politics and the public. The work is devoted to the constructivist approach in the media and political communication and the relationship between media coverage and political practice. Selected aspects of this relationship, including the tools of political communication, are illustrated with the examples from the first direct presidential election in the Czech Republic. The work deals with the influence of media on the social reality of their consumers and deals with the functioning of ideology in the concept line of thinkers of the Frankfurt School towards Jürgen Habermas and Noam Chomsky. Within the functioning of ideology in mass communication, the work pursues a technological development of the media to the current era of digitalization, which significantly affected the social and media relations. Keywords Ideology, communication, communication model, constructivism, media, politics

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<p>Hospitals are complex socio-technical systems where health professionals from varied backgrounds interact with each other and technology for the wellbeing of patients. Effective communication among the members of the care team is vital for optimal care; poor communication can result in suboptimal care and in many cases, lead to adverse events (AEs) and even death. More than a decade after the US Institute of Medicine report which catalyzed patient safety improvement measures, patient safety remains a major concern. Two-thirds of AEs in hospitals are still linked to communication errors. Hospitals are trying to improve communication by introducing new communication devices like smart phones and tablet computers for professional use. However, they are being deployed without adequate study of the mechanics of communication in hospitals or their use affects inter-professional communication. High risk organizations such as nuclear power plants, aviation and the military have achieved better safety records than healthcare. This is likely because they have studied their communication challenges and based their assessments on a firm theoretical foundation before implementing customized solutions. This approach in healthcare is lacking. Therefore a scoping review was conducted to collect communication theories, models, frameworks, and methods applicable to new information and communication technology used in hospitals. Literature from basic and applied science domains such as cognitive psychology, human factors engineering, organizational behavior, sociology, communication sciences and from high risk organizations like aviation, nuclear power generation and defense was reviewed. 14 theories, 12 models and 12 communication analysis methods were identified. One of the selected methods was employed to conduct a case study of a case of faulty communication reported in the AHRQ web M&M. It is not known how well those theories, models and analysis methods can be adapted to medicine. Future research may be able to address the issue and adopt theories and models to hospital communication research, modifying existing theories and models to suit the unique requirements of hospitals or by developing a strategy to design them de-novo.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Syfte:                              Syftet med studien är att analysera hur förändringsmottagare upplever att ledningens kommunikation inför organisationella förändringar påverkar dem för att få en beredskap inför förändringen.   Metod:                               Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie med en abduktiv ansats, där den empiriska datainsamlingen gjorts genom intervjuer med anställda på ett företag i telekombranschen. En analys av insamlad data genomfördes genom en tematisk analys.   Resultat och slutsats:        Kommunikation inverkar på förändringsmottagarnas beredskap från sändarsidan, men effekten av denna dämpas på mottagarsidan av ett filter bestående av två faktorer, avtrubbning och påverkan på förändringsmottagarna.                                                                                      Förändringsmottagarna motsätter sig eller upplever en likgiltighet gentemot organisatoriska förändringar om kommunikationen upplevs som knapphändig eller är otydlig. Likaså påverkar bristen på möjligheter att återkoppla till ledningen för att skapa klargöranden, mottagarna i negativ riktning. Studiens bidrag:               Ge en djupare förståelse och kunskap i             kommunikationens betydelse för att skapa beredskap till förändring, och på så vis öka möjligheterna att genomdriva lyckosamma förändringsarbeten.   Förslag på vidare forskning:                          Att undersöka de faktorer som skapar avtrubbning till förändring hos förändringsmottagaren och hur dessa kan komma att undvikas.

Die mobile Kartographie bedient sich dem mobilen Internet und der zivilen Nutzung des GPS-Signals. Der damit einhergehenden Mobilität des Benutzers, aber auch den technischen Schranken mobiler Endgeräte (wie geringen Prozessorleistungen, kleinen Displays und begrenzten Batterielaufzeiten) muss in Form einer Adaption der mobilen Karten Rechnung getragen werden. Die Adaption geschieht hinsichtlich des Informationsbedarfs, der sich aus dem aktuellen Nutzungskontext des Benutzers (d.h. seiner räumlich-zeitlichen Situation, seinen Interessen, Aufgabenkontext, aktuellen Umständen, Zielen, Bedürfnissen etc) ableiten lässt sowie hinsichtlich des Interaktionsgrades und der Interaktionsarten. Ein weiterer Aspekt mobiler Kartographie sind nutzergenerierte Inhalte. Dank der ständigen Verfügbarkeit des Internets und einer unkomplizierten Art der Positionsbestimmung können auch Amateurnutzer problemlos selber räumliche Daten erheben und veröffentlichen. Der Kartograph rückt damit mehr in den Hintergrund und stellt sein Fachwissen in Form von Komponenten wie Basiskarten, Software oder Interaktionsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Dadurch bedürfen traditionelle kartographische Kommunikationsmodelle hinsichtlich der mobilen Kartographie einer grundsätzlichen Weiterentwicklung, da eine strikte Trennung in Kartenhersteller und Kartennutzer nicht mehr vorgenommen werden kann. Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit stellt ein abgeleitetes kartographisches Kommunikationsmodell für mobile, interaktive Karten vor. Ein Anwendungsgebiet der mobilen Kartographie sind mobile touristische Applikationen, welche im mobilen Technologie- und Informationszeitalter eine zeitgemäße Form der Reiseinformation und des Reiseservices darstellen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene existierende touristische Anwendungen für Smartphones analysiert und eine eigene mobile Kartenapplikation für Wanderungen in der Pilotregion Sächsische Schweiz konzipiert und prototypisch implementiert. Diese Applikation schlägt Wanderrouten vor, liefert zahlreiche Informationen sowie Kartenmaterial und ist an den Wanderkalender der Sächsischen Zeitung angelehnt, welcher jährlich von Kartographie-Studenten der Technischen Universität Dresden erarbeitet wird. / Mobile cartography makes use of mobile internet and the civil utilisation of the GPS signal. The resulting mobility of the user as well as technical restrictions of mobile devices (such as low processor performance, small display sizes and limited battery life) has to be taken into account in the form of an adaption of mobile maps. The adaption is carried out with regard to the current need for information which can be derived from the context of the user (i.e. spatial-temporal situation, interests, task, circumstances, aims, needs etc). Another aspect of mobile cartography is user generated content. The permanent availability of mobile internet as well as the uncomplicated way of location determination makes it easy for amateur users to gather and publish own data. So the cartographer backs out and provides expert knowledge in the form of base maps, software and interaction techniques that can be used by the map user as an user interface for integrating own data. Thereby traditional cartographic communication models require a fundamental further development because a strict separation into map maker and map user can not be made anymore. The diploma thesis introduces a derived cartographic communication model for mobile interactive maps. An application field of mobile cartography are mobile map applications in tourism. These touristic applications are an up-to-date kind of travelling service in the century of mobile technology and information. In the context of this diploma thesis several existing touristic applications for smartphones for were examined and an own mobile application for hiking in Saxon Switzerland was conceived and implemented prototypically. This application suggests hiking trips, provides various information as well as maps and is based on a hiking calendar that is worked out annually by cartography students of Dresden University of Technology.

Diploma thesis The transformation of communication models within cyberspace deals with the topic of communication on five current social network sites (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube and Instagram). First part of the thesis focuses on theoretical background of traditional communication models. Selected models include: Shannon and Weaver Communication Model, Cultural and Ritual Model, Jakobson's Model, Publicity Model and communication model created by Vilem Flusser and Palo Alto School. Networked communication has been undergoing fast development which has caused that some communication models became obsolete. Thus it is necessary to define new communication features on social network sites, since these changes in conjunction with technology development and needs of contemporary society. User activity, cycle and egocentric communication processes, up-to-date and spontaneous content are the characteristic features of current communication on social network sites.

Problem  Crisis management has never been as important as it is today. Considering that criticism is being spread in a fast pace through social media, the reputation of an organisation can quickly be damaged. Several organisations however lack internal knowledge about crisis management. The majority of the previous research about crisis management has been conducted from the organisations’ perspective. There is however relatively little research done from an external actor’s role in supporting an organisation in crisis. Purpose  This study aims to contribute in the crisis management and communication field by investigating how an external actor can support an organisation in crisis. Method  The study was conducted through a qualitative single case study of crisis management support provided to firms by one external actor, a PR-agency. Primary data for the case was collected from six semi-structured interviews. Conclusion  External actors are a suitable helping hand in crises because they possess experience and knowledge in media and crisis communication and can view the situation objectively. Crisis consultants support their clients by providing a response strategy that is built on being honest and open. Proactive and post work are not prioritised by clients but are highly important for crisis preparedness and building a strong reputation. Social media is a standard part of today’s crisis communication but is also a demanding channel that creates incentives for hiring external support.

My thesis Factors of the verbal communication aimed at the economic sphere deals with the current topic from the field of communication in the economic sphere. Verbal communication is one of the basic tools of economy and business companies power applying. The thesis implies four main chapters. The first chapter describes the theoretical starting points of the work and defines the primary terms related to the topic verbal communication. The second chapter is attended to the specifics of the company communication, the communication target in the economical sphere, the purpose of the communication events in the economical sphere and to the strategy of the company communication. The third chapter is focused on the communication within the AHOLD Czech Republic Inc. company and the SPAR Czech business company LLC. The primary characteristics of these companies and the types of recorded texts are mentioned here. The fourth chapter is devoted to the comprehensive description of the distance communication according to the principles of the verbal communication theory. The aim of my work is the effort to the language capturing and understanding in relation to the practical activity in the business branch of the companies. The thesis tries to analyse specific communication events and to describe and specify the company distance communication according to the principles of the verbal communication theory. The specifics of the Czech business verbal communication are set down in the final part of this work.

Telecommunication is one of the keys to sustainable national development in South Africa. Where other kinds of public infrastructure have collapsed, mobile operators are reaching people in rural areas (without roads, rails, or a stable power supply). Telecommunication also is a fast moving high-tech field where technology transfers occur regularly. Technology transfer however is a complex subject where governmental regulations, social and cultural aspects, needs, expectations, aspirations, financial abilities, and technological capabilities play a major role. Therefore transfer models that neglect these aspects often cause ineffective utilization of technology. Telecommunication technology transfers between two parties at different hierarchical levels of technology know-how/utilization (as between multi-national companies and less developed countries (LDCs)/South Africa) often occur with limited or no advantages to the LDC. A transfer model is therefore needed to improve the situation and make technology transfers a process from which both parties can benefit simultaneously. This research attempts to supply advice and guidelines to the telecommunication industry of South Africa on how to improve the situation and conduct action in the future. The model was derived at through a background study and analysis, a literature study on existing transfer models, research on the current problem and a situation analysis on the basis of the model. A number of aspects present are not up to standard and should get special attention urgently. It is within the industry's power to correct these. The government also has a vital role to play to ensure sustainable growth and to allow telecommunications to play its part in national development. The situation can be improved through the use of the transfer model but also with a "simultaneous-situation-improvement-plan" which involves rural awareness, quality of education, crime reduction and a focus alignment when doing rural network expansion and/or investments Telecommunication can no longer remain just as a luxury to the few privileged in big civilised cities and a dream to the rural citizens. If this way of thinking is continued, South Africa will certainly pay a very high price. / Thesis (MEng (Technology Management))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM) / unrestricted