Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie studie word 'n bydrae tot die beskrywing van 'n resente periode in die Afrikaanse prosageskiedenis, naamlik die dekade 1980-1989, aangepak. Die terme ''Tagtiger" en "tagtigerskrywer" word bespreek en gedefinieer. Negentien skrywers word aan die hand van vyf kanoniseringsmeganismes as belangrike Afrikaanse tagtigerprosaskrywers geidentifiseer. Hierdie skrywers en hulle 51 prosatekste wat tussen 1980-1989 gepubliseer is, word dan deur Vanheste (1981) se vier gei"dentifiseerde literatuursosiologiese aandagsvelde naamlik die outeur, die literere werk, die literere kanaal en die leser ondersoek ten einde die posisie van die gekose skrywers m.b.t. maatskappy en skrywerskap, enkele samebindende aspekte in die proefgroep se tagtigerprosatekste, die funksionering van die literere kanaal t.o.v. hierdie tekste en die resepsie daarvan te bepaal. Met behulp van vraelyste aan die proefgroep is hul houdings t.o.v. 'n aantal aktuele aangeleenthede ondersoek. Ses onderskeidende kategoriee in die proefgroep se tekste, naamlik politiek en betrokkenheid; realisme; grens- en geweldliteratuur; postmodernisme; homoerotiek en goeie gewilde prosa word aangedui. Die posisie van verskillende "hekwagters" in die literere kanaal, saam met die invloed van sensuur op die proefgroep, die rol van die Afrikaanse Skrywersgilde en die "little magazines" wat publikasiegeleenthede vir die jong skrywers gebied het, ontvang aandag. J.C.Kannemeyer as geskiedskrywer en 'n verskeidenheid resensente se waarde-oordele word nagegaan. Aan die hand van Vanheste se literatuursosiologiese kommunikasiemodel, gekombineer met sy (aangepaste) analisemodel, word etlike sosiale werklikhede in Alexander Strachan se 'n Wereld sander grense dan onder die loep geneem. Die ondersoekterrein van die literatuursosiologie dek s6 'n wye veld dat heelwat interessante aspekte noodwendig agterwee moes bly. Resepsiestudies van lesers gedurende die tagtigerdekade was nie moontlik nie en 'n resepsiestudie kon ongelukkig eers vyf jaar na die tagtigerdekade uitgevoer word. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe in hierdie studie gekom word, is dat, hoewel waarskynlik nie op dieselfde betekenisvlak as die term "Sestigers" nie, daar wel van ooreenkomste in die werk van Afrikaanse tagtigerskrywers gepraat kan word. Samehang word ook aangedui tussen die sosiale omwereld en die tagtigertekste wat daarbinne tot stand gekom het, veral met betrekking tot tematiese en stilistiese keuses. Terselfdertyd het die literere werke van hierdie dekade 'n invloed uitgeoefen op die omwereld waarbinne dit verskyn het / This study attempts to make a contribution to the description of a recent period in Afrikaans Prose History, namely the decade 1980-1989. The term writer of the Eighties is defined and discussed. Nineteen writers have been identified as important Afrikaans Eighties writers with the aid of five canonization mechanisms. These writers and their 51 prosa texts published between 1980-1989 are then investigated by means of Vanheste's four identified attention areas in the sociology of literature, namely the author, the literary work, the literary channel as well as the reader. Questionnairs have been used to investigate the attitude of the trial group with regards to a number of current affairs. Six distinguishing categories have been identified in the texts of the trial group namely politics, realism, border and violence literature, postmodernism, homo-erotics and popular prose. The position of different gate-keepers in the literary channel, together with the influence of censorship on the trial group, the role of the "Afrikaanse Skrywersgilde" and the "little magazines", together with publication opportunities offered to these young writers, have enjoyed attention. J.C.Kannemeyer as historian, together with the critics as readers of the trial group's texts are investigated. The manipulation of a few social realities in Alexander Strachan's 'n Wereld sander grense is investigated in terms of Vanheste's communication model of literary sociology, combined with his (adapted) analysis model. The field of investigation of the sociology of literary covers such a wide field that numerous interesting aspects had to be omitted. Reception studies during the decade of the eighties were not possible and could, unfortunately, only be done five years after the decade of the eighties. The conclusion of this study is that, although not at quite the same level of significance as the term "Sixties", one could still find similarities in the works of Afrikaans writers from the Eighties decade. Cohesion between the social world and the texts of the Vll eighties have evolved from it, especially with regards to thematic and stilistic choices. At the same time, the literary works of this decade have contributed to the social world in which they were published / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / D. Litt. et Phil. (Afrikaans)

[ES] La comunicación organizacional como un componente empresarial ha cobrado mayor relevancia en la estructura de los activos intangibles que dispone una entidad, pero la realidad es que aún son muchas las instituciones que desaprovechan el potencial de esta herramienta corporativa y más si pertenecen al sector público de una nación. La Universidad de Guayaquil no es ajena a esta realidad por lo que permanentemente presenta escenarios de desinformación e incertidumbre; así también el ruido es una constante en su ciclo comunicacional. Es por lo antes mencionado que este estudio doctoral tiene la finalidad de proponer un modelo de comunicación interna para instituciones públicas de educación superior (IES) adaptable a las necesidades de esta organización para que sean superados todos estos espacios negativos que le afectan. Para alcanzar el objetivo de esta trabajo académico se empleó una metodología mixta bajo un enfoque descriptivo y no experimental que permitió recolectar datos del personal docente, el personal administrativo y los estudiantes de esta institución para plantear un modelo de comunicación institucional funcional para la Universidad de Guayaquil y adaptable a otras IES, acompañado de un manual de comunicación interna que ayude a normar el sistema comunicacional que se desarrolla actualmente dentro del alma mater más grande del Ecuador. / [CA] La comunicació organitzacional com un component empresarial ha cobrat major rellevància en l'estructura dels actius intangibles que disposa una entitat, però la realitat és que encara són moltes les institucions que desaprofiten el potencial d'aquesta eina corporativa i més si pertanyen al sector públic d'una nació. La Universitat de *Guayaquil no és aliena a aquesta realitat pel que permanentment presenta escenaris de desinformació i incertesa; així també el soroll és una constant en el seu cicle comunicacional. És per l'abans esmentat que aquest estudi doctoral té la finalitat de proposar un model de comunicació interna per a institucions públiques d'educació superior (IES) adaptable a les necessitats d'aquesta organització perquè siguen superats tots aquests espais negatius que l'afecten. Per a aconseguir l'objectiu d'aquesta treball acadèmic es va emprar una metodologia mixta sota un enfocament descriptiu i no experimental que va permetre recol·letar dades del personal docent, el personal administratiu i els estudiants d'aquesta institució per a plantejar un model de comunicació institucional funcional per a la Universitat de *Guayaquil i adaptable a altres IES, acompanyat d'un manual de comunicació interna que ajude a *normar el sistema comunicacional que es desenvolupa actualment dins de l'alma mater més gran de l'Equador. / [EN] Organizational communication as a business component has become more relevant in the structure of intangible assets available to an entity, but the reality is that there are still many institutions that do not take advantage of the potential of this corporate tool, especially if they belong to the public sector of a nation. The University of Guayaquil is no stranger to this reality, which is why it permanently presents scenarios of misinformation and uncertainty; noise is also a constant in its communication cycle. It is for this reason that this doctoral study aims to propose a model of internal communication for public institutions of higher education (IES) adaptable to the needs of this organization to overcome all these negative spaces that affect it. To achieve the objective of this academic work, a mixed methodology was used under a descriptive and non-experimental approach that allowed collecting data from faculty, administrative staff and students of this institution to propose a functional institutional communication model for the University of Guayaquil and adaptable to other IES, accompanied by an internal communication manual that helps to regulate the communication system that is currently developed within the largest alma mater of Ecuador. / Pacheco Rodriguez, MG. (2022). Modelo de comunicación interna para instituciones públicas de educación superior. Caso Universidad de Guayaquil [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/186119

Es wird heute weltweit versucht, Konzepte für vielfältige taktile kartographische Medien zu entwickeln, die vorrangig der allgemeinen Orientierung und Mobilität, aber auch verstärkt dem Wissenserwerb, z.B. im Geographieunterricht an Schulen für Blinde und Sehbehinderte, dienen sollen. Diese Konzepte müssen von denen der "visuellen Kartographie"1 zwangsläufig mehr oder weniger abweichen und auf weitgehend anderen Methoden, Regeln und Techniken beruhen. Wesentliche und durch die Praxis verifizierte Erkenntnisse der visuellen Kartographie sind der taktilen Kartographie zugänglich zu machen bzw. in/an diese zu adaptieren. Trotzdem dürfen grundlegende Theorien und Erfahrungen der Kartengestaltung und Kartennutzung für Sehende nicht völlig negiert werden.

Title: Recycling, society and social media: a qualitative case study of a municipally-owned company’s Facebook communication. The aim of the study has been to, through a case study of a company’s Facebook communication create understanding for how the medium may be used as communication channel in order to achieve effective, engaging communication with the company’s Facebook followers. The company Stormossen is a municipally-owned waste disposal company located in Kvevlax, Finland. The study uses a mix of the theoretical perspectives intentionalism and hermeneutics, in that its aim is to look at both sides of the communication process - the sender and the receiver - thus gaining a comprehensive picture of the research problem. The theoretical frame is made up of theories on new media logic and social media, participation, communication strategies and social communication. Two methods are applied in the case study, an informant interview with a key person at the company and a qualitative content analysis of the company’s official Facebook page. A total of 133 status updates were selected for analysis, mainly focusing on examining the content, mode of communication and the followers’ interaction and communication on the page. The main results of the study have shown that the company has not fully adapted to the new media logic in their Facebook communication. The communication strategy used is mainly an inside-strategy with emphasis being placed on organizational targets and the one-way distribution of information about the company and its services, with limited attempts to involve and initiate dialogue with the followers. These findings are in line with earlier research on how companies use social media. The company also has an unclear picture of who their followers are and why they would be interested in interacting with the company on Facebook. The followers on the other hand are mainly passive, and their motive for communication can be explained with the need for self-presentation. In order to create content and communication that the followers find relevant and want to interact with and share, the company has to actively work to adapt more to the new media logic. Facebook should be used both as a way of making information available but also for networking with and inviting followers to participation and dialogue, thus making themselves useful to the followers in order to build a good reputation and effective communication. Key words: Social media, Facebook, web 2.0, social communication/social marketing, civic information, communication strategy, social media-strategy, new media logic, participation, communication model, case study, qualitative study, Stormossen, municipally-owned company