Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-257). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates the reasons for failure of community development programmes in rural South Africa. It traces the origin of community development from the end of the Second World War up to the present and states that South Africa has realised that community development is an important tool to bring about a more equitable distribution of wealth. It takes a look at the implementation strategies of development at a broad level, the influence of international aid agencies and traces some of the reasons for the high failure rate of projects. There is a growing trend towards non-governmental organisations becoming more and more involved in the development field. They have evolved from being small grass roots organisations to large structures that provide a service to the community that neither the government nor the private sector can. They plan, raise funds, facilitate, coordinate and implement development projects and they have proved to be highly successful. The focus of study is the need for, effect of and implementation of community development activities in rural South Africa. It also states that development has shifted its focus from purely economic considerations to a more people-centred approach where the fundamental concern is people and their needs. This is a more humane way of looking at development and the underlying thought in most development activity in South Africa today is based on humaneness. It is, however, found that many development initiatives are unsuccessful in achieving its aims completely. It analyses theories on community development and finds that contemporary theories have analysed the reasons for the high failure rate of community development activities and that most theories have recommended implementation strategies by placing people and their needs as priorities. This paper argues that though the people centred approach is most appropriate, certain crucial factors have been missing from these theories. The cause for concern is that there is lack of planning for sustainability and planning for transfer of ownership of projects in such a way that the people involved in the project have a stake in its success. As a result there is lack of motivation on the part of project implementers to carry out projects successfully which is leading to more and more failures of development projects. A thorough study and analysis of certain community development projects initiated at Welverdiend Village in South Africa has been carried out in this study. A background study of the Village is carried out and it is found that the 'liJ.lage is similar in structure to other similar villages. The analysis of projects draws one to the conclusion that there are three crucial factors that improve chances of success of projects. The paper concludes that the key to the success of community development projects are the plans put in place for sustainability, transferring ownership of projects to a group of people or to an individual and ensuring that project participants have a stake in its success or stands to loose something if it fails. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die redes vir mislukking van gemeenskapsontwikkelingsprogramme in landelike Suid Afrika. Die oorsprong van gemeenskapsontwikkeling word bespreek vanaf die einde van die Tweede Wereld Oorlog tot en met die hede, en beweer dat Suid Afrika tot die besef gekom het dat gemeenskapsontwikkeling 'n belangrike meganisme is om 'n meer billike verdeling van welstand te bewerkstellig. Die strategiese uitvoering van ontwikkeling, die invloed van internasionale hulp agentskappe en sommige redes vir die hoë voorval van mislukking van projekte word ondersoek. Daar is 'n groeiende tendens van nie-regeringsorganisasies wat betrokke raak by ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe. Hierdie organisasies (NGOs) het oor 'n kort tydperk ontwikkel vanaf klein, 'grassroots' organisasies tot groot instansies wat massiewe hoeveelhede geld bestuur en bestaan uit duisende lede. Hulle verskaf 'n diens aan die gemeenskap wat nie ge-ewenaar kan word deur die regering of die privaatsektor nie. Hulle doen beplanning, versamel fondse, fasiliteer, ko-ordineer en implementeer ontwikkelingsprojekte. As sulks het NGOs hulself alreeds suksesvol bewys. Die fokus van hierdie studie is die behoefte vir, effek van, en implementasie van gemeenskapsontwikkelingsaktiwiteite in landelike Suid Afrika. Dit beweer ook dat die fokus van ontwikkeling van suiwer ekonomiese oorwegings tot 'n meer mensgesentreerde benadering verskuif het, waar mense en hul behoeftes as fundamenteel beskou word. Dit is 'n meer mensliewende manier om ontwikkeling te beskou en die fundamentele gedagte in meeste van die ontwikkelingsaktiwiteite in Suid Afrika is op hierdie beginsel gebaseer. Daar is tog gevind dat vele ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe onsuksesvol is in die volkome behaling van hul doelwitte. Die tesis ontleed teorieë van gemeenskapsontwikkeling en vind dat hedendaagse teorieë die redes vir die hoë graad van mislukking van gemeenskapsontwikkelingsaktiwiteite aanbeveel het dat mense en hulle behoeftes strategiese prioriteit geniet met die implementering van hierdie aktiwiteite. Hierdie tesis betoog dat alhoewel die mensgsentreerde benadering die mees toepaslike benadering is, daar sekere beslissende faktore afwesig is in hierdie teorieë. Die rede vir kommer is dat daar 'n gebrek aan beplanning wat betref die lewensvatbaarheid en beplanning vir die oorhandiging van eiendomsreg van projekte in so 'n mate dat die mense wat in die projek betrokke is, 'n eie belang in die sukses daarvan het. As gevolg hiervan, is daar 'n gebrek aan motivering aan die kant van die implementeerders van die projek om projekte suksesvol uit te voer, wat tot al hoe meer mislukkings van ontwikkelingsprokekte lei. 'n Deeglike studie en ontleding van sekere gemeenskapsontwikkelingsprojekte wat in Welverdiend Dorp in Suid Afrika ingewy is, is in hierdie studie uitgevoer. 'n Agtergrondstudie van die dorp is uitgevoer en dit is gevind dat die dorp eenders is in struktuur as ander soortgelyke dorpe. Die ontleding van projekte lei 'n mens tot die gevolgtrekking dat daar drie kritieke faktore bestaan wat die kanse van sukses van projekte verbeter. Die sleutel tot die sukses van gemeenskapsontwikkelingsprojekte is in die planne wat lewensvatbaarheid verseker, en wel tot so 'n mate dat wanneer eiendomgsreg van projekte aan 'n groep mense of individue oorgeplaas word, daardie deelnemers aan die projek self ook 'n belang het in die sukses daarvan.

The Chilean urban poor led crucial mobilisation throughout most of the 20th century. Scholars argue that different factors explain the demobilisation of that sector during the democratic transition (the early 1990s). Through an ethnographic comparative approach, this thesis compares two neighbourhoods. Their similitudes cannot explain why while one of them sustained contentious collective action in time, the other became demobilised as most other neighbourhoods. As in many other studies, what explains the survival of contentious collective action is a mobilisational identity. This research moves beyond those accounts to explain why mobilisational citizenship emerges in some communities and not in others. The interaction between four dimensions explains mobilisational citizenship: agentic memory, belonging, boundaries, and decentralised leadership. The sustainability of mobilisational citizenship depends on grassroots activists' capacity to transmit collective identity as political capital. The Chilean case shows that autonomy is crucial for mobilisational citizenship. In cases in which political parties establish networks of loyalty and clientelism promoting the monopoly of political capital at the grassroots level, communities cannot develop and sustain a mobilisational identity.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:53:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 59888.pdf.jpg: 16599 bytes, checksum: 2d5cba15d3396fb567857409232df0a8 (MD5) 59888.pdf: 478970 bytes, checksum: 59d66e6d2e9a88cab7c0dc080a2d6691 (MD5) 59888.pdf.txt: 214540 bytes, checksum: 51782e600dc005272828c228bf3adeea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-09T00:00:00Z / This thesis discuss social capital, a relatively new theme on human sciences, but which is directly related to an old problem of the social life: the dilemmas of collective action, that is, how a society can develop through mutual trust among its members and cooperation on common objectives, trying to avoid the old problems involving public goods, that is, the “free-riding” and the “rent-seeking” behaviors. First of all, the discussion is situated focusing the problem of collective action from a broader view: the dilemmas of cooperation, altruist behavior and its supposedly conflict with a model of human being drove by self-interest, the presupposition of neoclassical economy of the “homo economicus” and, ultimately, the logic of collective action theory and its limitations. Secondly, we point out the 4 main streams of thought which seek to define the concept of social capital: the comunitarism by Tocqueville and Putnam, social capital in the creation of human capital by Coleman, the social capital in the market of symbolic exchange by Bourdieu and, at last, social capital as social infra-structure (institutions) by North. At last, we present cases of the application of the concepts of social capital, based on theoretical-analytical works and empirical observations in several countries, showing the different forms that it can present itself, according to the context in which it is analyzed and, above all, the effects that it can produce in a community, a region or even in a whole country. / Esta dissertação discute capital social, um tema relativamente novo nas ciências humanas, mas que está diretamente relacionado com um velho problema da vida social: os dilemas da ação coletiva, isto é, como uma sociedade pode desenvolver-se por meio de confiança mútua entre seus membros e cooperação em torno de objetivos comuns, evitando os velhos problemas envolvendo bens públicos, quais sejam, os “caronas” e as atitudes “caçadoras de renda”. Em primeiro lugar, situa-se a discussão enfocando o problema da ação coletiva de um enfoque mais amplo: os dilemas da cooperação, as ações altruístas e seu suposto conflito com um modelo de ser humano movido pelo auto-interesse, o pressuposto da economia neoclássica do “homem econômico” e, enfim, a teoria da lógica da ação coletiva e suas limitações. Em segundo lugar, apontam-se as 4 principais correntes de pensamento que buscam definir o conceito de capital social: o comunitarismo de Tocqueville e Putnam, o capital social como gerador de capital humano de Coleman, o capital social no mercado das trocas simbólicas de Bourdieu e, por último, o capital social como infra-estrutura social (instituições) de North. Por último, são apresentados casos de aplicação dos conceitos de capital social baseados em trabalhos teórico-analíticos e de observações empíricas em diversos países, mostrando-se as diferentes formas que ele pode assumir conforme o contexto em que é analisado e, sobretudo, os efeitos que ele pode produzir numa comunidade, numa região ou mesmo num país inteiro.

For decades, the State of Hidalgo has been considered as an entity with deep social inequalities and scant social, economic and political development. As a result, there are conditions of exclusion, marginalization, racial discrimination and unequal access to the fundamental rights of its citizens; which are still present in the population census data published by Inegi 2000 and 2005.In the State of Hidalgo there are more than 4596 localities, of which 96% are less than 2500 inhabitants; the great majority of them are located in marginal «municipios» and regions and therefore they do not have the minimum indispensable conditions of welfare. But it is not only poverty but exclusion and vulnerability which affect these communities.In the sierra of Tepehua (San Bartolo Tutotepec, Huehuetla y Tenango), the rural communities, mostly indigenous, with agricultural economic vocation live in marginal conditions and the middlemanism —coyotaje— is a persistent flagellum that occurs even in public organisms. However, the rural inhabitants generate response processes to globalization through social capital and the women organisation. / Por décadas el estado de Hidalgo ha sido considerado una entidad con profundas desigualdades sociales y escaso desarrollo social, económico y político. Por lo anterior, se observan condiciones de exclusión, marginación, discriminación y de un inequitativo acceso a los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos, todavía presentes en las cifras de los censos de población del Inegi de 2000 y 2005.En el estado de Hidalgo existen más de 4.596 localidades de las cuales el 96% son menores de 2500 habitantes, la gran mayoría están ubicadas en municipios y regiones marginadas y por consiguiente carecen del mínimo indispensable de bienestar; pero no solo es la pobreza sino que estas comunidades y sus habitantes se encuentran en condiciones de exclusión y vulnerabilidad.En la sierra tepehua (San Bartolo Tutotepec, Huehuetla y Tenango), las comunidades rurales, eminentemente indígenas, con vocación económica agropecuaria viven en condiciones de marginación, y el intermediarismo —«coyotaje»— es un flagelo persistente que se realiza, incluso, por los organismos públicos. No obstante, los pobladores rurales generan procesos de respuesta a la globalización a través del capital social y la organización de mujeres.

M.A. / Widowhood is a condition of an incomplete family structure resulting from death. Its consequences such as the absence of the father and husband can be aggravated, decreased or neutralised due to the effects of other conditions, relating to the availability of funds, relatives and community services. Widowhood presents problems and difficulties that most widowed people have to face. The elderly widows are faced with learning to live alone; leaving their own homes and adjusting to life with relatives; financial problems; and immediate care and support. The young widows, in addition, are faced with problems relating to decision-making; managing large sums of money; child upbringing; dispute with in-laws, relatives and older children over the death benefits and estate; lack of support and development programmes for young widows. Widows experience multiple problems that are more common in nature and necessitate a more preventative and developmental approach. Widows' problems are often ignored as, in most instances, they are classified as single mothers, like divorced or unmarried mothers, without paying special attention to the specific condition of widows in particular. Special community and organisational programmes to support and empower widows to cope with social, emotional and economic situations are lacking. Delamont (1980:221) argue that, yet not only is the evidence that being widowed catches most women unprepared financially, socially and emotionally, the study of women in this predicament has been neglected. The problems and factors associated with the management of death benefits by widows have also been neglected.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Criminology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / Community involvement in ex-offenders’ re-integration is an important issue in efforts to reduce recidivism and to control overcrowding in our correctional facilities. Crime is a social problem which requires society to come together to fight against. The Department of Correctional Services (DCS) introduced Community Corrections Forums (CCFs) with the aim of controlling re-offending by ex-offenders. CCFs were established in each region to bring the community, business and stakeholders together to facilitate rehabilitation and re-integration. This study was conducted in the Limpopo Province, in Vhembe District Municipality within four local municipalities, namely Musina, Makhado, Mutale and Thulamela. A total number of 30 participants were interviewed and all were members of Community Corrections Forums. This was necessitated by the fact that Musina is a very small area which compelled the Department of Correctional Services to combine the two (Musina and Makhado) into one social re-integration entity. This is a qualitative research study where participants were selected through the use of purposive sampling. Participants were selected based on the value they would add to this study in order to achieve objectives. The data collection method of this study was the focus group which comprised by 3 groups of 10 participants each. Thulamela and Mutale local municipalities formed a group with (10) participants each whereas Musina (2) and Makhado (8) formed another. Results indicate that the current situation is not conducive for re-integration to be successful. CCF members raised many factors that need serious redress, namely offenders’ discrimination, lack of forgiveness by members of the community which is fuelled by lack of community awareness due to lack of education of communities by the Department of Correctional Services on reduce space of ex-offenders’ re-integration. The relationship between CCF and DCS raises many questions based on the results. Without a good working relationship between these two offices, the study observed that there would be no successful re-integration policy. Theoretical implications of the investigation based on labelling theory are discussed, together with practical applications for ex-offenders. The latter face daunting barriers to successful re-integration. Successful re-entry requires strong community support networks and comprehensive services by DCS, both of which are lacking in Vhembe District.

Cette thèse est centrée sur les organisations communautaires (OC) de Montréal face au vieillissement et à la précarité des personnes toxicomanes. Elle intègre les perspectives de personnes intervenantes et usagères et elle accorde une place prépondérante à l’analyse de l’action des OC : sans ces derniers, Montréal ne serait pas la même sur le plan des services essentiels. Partout où la pauvreté sévit et où les difficultés se multiplient, des milliers de personnes œuvrent dans les OC, redoublant d’effort et d’ingéniosité quand les moyens manquent. Souvent dans l’ombre, ces personnes font preuve de dévouement afin de maintenir leurs services si importants lorsque vient le temps d’apporter un minimum de réconfort, d’espoir, de soulagement, d’accompagnement et d’aide diverse à celles et ceux qui en ont besoin. Or, l’inventaire de leurs besoins est en fait si long qu’il suppose constamment de nouveaux défis à relever dans l’objectif de répondre adéquatement à un maximum d’entre eux. Ici, l’addition des problématiques vécues de façon concomitante que sont le vieillissement, la précarité et la toxicomanie est une source constante de complications et d’intensification de divers problèmes. D’une part, le vieillissement précoce menace les personnes toxicomanes en raison des effets délétères de l’usage de substances psychotropes. De l’autre côté, les personnes non toxicomanes vieillissantes sont plus susceptibles de devenir physiologiquement dépendantes des médicaments et autres substances à potentiel d’addiction. Les personnes vieillissantes en proie à la toxicomanie sont alors touchées par des problèmes concomitants tels que ceux de la précarité et de l’exclusion. Les ressources axées à la fois sur le vieillissement, la précarité et la toxicomanie sont limitées, souvent inexistantes. Ces problématiques sont la plupart du temps traitées de façon indépendante. Le but de cette thèse est de développer une connaissance et une compréhension à la fois des problématiques propres aux personnes toxicomanes vieillissant en précarité (TVP) et de l’action des OC qui offrent leurs services à cette clientèle. Le travail exploratoire de cette étude, basé sur une approche qualitative, a reposé sur l’interview de quatorze personnes représentant différentes organisations communautaires, ainsi que de seize personnes vieillissantes utilisant les services d’organismes communautaires. Elles sont été sélectionnées selon les besoins des populations à l’étude. Les résultats de l’analyse d’étude indiquent que les personnes TVP représentent en moyenne 80 % de la clientèle des OC participant à cette étude dont sept organisations leur offrant des services hors mission. Malgré le grand nombre des services offerts, les OC désignent de nombreux besoins spécifiques et immédiats pour faire face à une hausse de fréquentation de la clientèle TVP. Les personnes usagères participant à l’enquête étaient âgées de 55 à 74 ans et trois sur quatre furent des hommes. Le groupe d’âge des 55 à 59 ans, souvent le plus à aider, a été plus présent dans l’analyse en profondeur des problèmes. Le profil des capacités fonctionnelles des OC, établi à partir du discours des personnes rencontrées, tend à indiquer que les OC se dotent d’une structure organisationnelle adéquate et bénéficient d’une visibilité croissante auprès du public. Ces organisations éprouvent cependant de grandes difficultés sur le plan des ressources financières et humaines. L’amélioration de la situation des TVP, lorsqu’elle repose sur la réussite de stratégies mises en œuvre portant sur les aspects de finances, sur la gestion du personnel ou sur d’autres aspects du fonctionnement des OC, dépend de la collaboration et l’engagement d’un ensemble d’actrices et acteurs d’une société. Chacun et chacune de ces acteurs— usagers, travailleurs des OC, milieu social du toxicomane, organismes partenaires, entreprises privées et État—possède ainsi une part de responsabilité sur cette question. / This thesis focuses on Montreal’s community organizations facing the aging and precariousness of addicts: perspectives of stakeholders and users. It integrates the perspectives of stakeholders and users. Montreal would certainly not be the same without the essential contribution of its’ Community Organisations (CO). Wherever poverty prevails, where difficulties strike, thousands of people work in these CO and redouble their efforts, too often in the shadows with the means at hand, forcing them to show ingenuity, resourcefulness, and dedication to maintaining their services, the only source of comfort and hope to relieve, help, and support those who need it most. The list of various needs is too long and this poses new challenges for CO which must broaden their range of services in order to attempt to respond adequately to certain problems experienced concomitantly such as aging, precariousness and addiction. On the one hand, premature aging threatens addicts because of the effects of psychotropic substance use. On the other hand, aging non addicts are more likely to become physiologically dependent on drugs and other potentially addictive substances. Aging people suffering from addiction are affected by concomitant problems such as precariousness and exclusion. Resources focusing on aging, precariousness and addiction are limited, or even non-existent, since each of these issues is treated independently. The aim of the study is to develop knowledge and understanding of the issues specific to aging and precarious addicts (APA) and the CO offering their services to this clientele. The field survey of this study, which is based on a qualitative approach, consisted of interviewing 14 representatives of different CO as well as 16 users, all selected according to the predefined characteristics of the research samples. The results of the study analysis indicate that APA people represent on average 80% of the clientele of CO participating in this study, 7 of which offer them services not included in their mission. Despite the large number of services offered, the CO identify many specific and immediate needs to deal with the increase of frequentation by APA customers. The users of the survey are between 55 and 74 years old. 75% are men and 25% are women. The 55-59 age group being significantly representative of the population of APA users seems to be the most problematic. The study confirms what has been underlined in the literature regarding the mental and physical health of people with addiction. The functional capacity profile of the CO, established on the opinions of the interviewees, shows that the CO have a good organizational structure, have increasing visibility with the public, but they experience great difficulties in terms of financial and human resources. The improvement of the APA clientele situation through the success of the strategies relating to the aspects of finance, personnel management, and the other aspects of the functioning of the CO depend on the cooperation and the commitment of several actors of the society: the users, CO’s staff, the addict’s social environment, partner organizations, private companies, and the State.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This research project, inspired by the nationwide crisis following Hurricane Katrina, identifies mega-collaboration as an emergent social phenomenon enabled by the Internet. The substantial, original contribution of this research is a mega-collaboration tool (MCT) to enable grassroots individuals and organizations to rapidly form teams, negotiate problem definitions, allocate resources, organize interventions, and mediate their efforts with those of official response organizations. The project demonstrated that a tool that facilitates the exploration of a team’s problem space can support online collaboration. It also determined the basic building blocks required to construct a mega-collaboration tool. In addition, the project demonstrated that it is possible to dynamically build the team data structure through use of the proposed interface, a finding that validates the database design at the core of the MCT. This project has made a unique contribution by proposing a new operational vision of how disaster response, and potentially many other problems, should be managed in the future.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study represents an analysis of the role of civil society organisations/non‐governmental organisations (CSOs/NGOs) in building human capabilities through knowledge construction. It assesses the effectiveness of community publishing in building human capabilities under challenges they face in the environment they are operating in. The complex environment CSOs/NGOs are operating in is dealt with. It will be demonstrated that CSOs/NGOs give marginalised communities, especially women, children and the disabled, a platform where they can organise themselves and give them an opportunity to influence policy and development of their community. Community development has many interpretations. This study focuses on communities as central agents responsible for their own development. When communities participate in their own development, they are engaging in an educational process which is both formal and informal in nature. The education process helps them to understand their situations better. This type of education called ‘popular education’, is based on the belief that people involved in the process have important knowledge that they have acquired from their experiences in life and the education they receive mainly consists of dialogue between different knowledge sets that they possess. In the process, when people participate actively in the development of their communities, a sense of ownership is developed. For the purpose of designing the study, observation of the direct involvement of staff from local government, Africa Community Publishing Development Trust and partner organisations as well as working with communities from Shamva, Umzingwane and Buhera provided the basis. It is noted that party politics affects the development of a CSO/NGO sector that is capable of building human capabilities. It is, therefore, clear that government should create an enabling environment that is free from violence and rule of law should be respected as this helps CSOs/ NGOs to implement capability building programmes conducive for all communities to participate in the development of their areas. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie ontleed die rol van burgerlike organisasies/nie‐regeringsorganisasies (BOs/NRO's) in die bou van menslike vermoëns deur middel van kennis konstruksie. Die studie beoordeel die effektiwiteit van die gemeenskap uitgewery in die bou van die menslike vermoëns en die uitdagings wat hulle in die gesig staar in die omgewing waar hulle hul bevind. Die komplekse omgewing waarin BOs / NRO’s hul bevind word inmiddels behandel. BOs/NRO's gee gemarginaliseerde gemeenskappe veral vroue, kinders en gestremdes 'n platform waar hulle hul self kan organiseer en gee hulle ' n geleentheid om beleid te beïnvloed en hul gemeenskap te ontwikkel. Ontwikkeling van die gemeenskap het baie interpretasies. Die studie fokus op die gemeenskappe as sentrale agente wat verantwoordelik is vir hul eie ontwikkeling. Wanneer gemeenskappe betrokke is in hul eie ontwikkelings proses, neem hulled deel aan ’ n opvoedkundige proses wat van nature beide formeel en informeel is. Die opvoedkundige proses help hulle om hul situasies beter te verstaan. Hierdie tipe van Onderwys genaamd "gewilde onderwys", is gebaseer op die oortuiging dat mense wat betrokke is in ‘n proses belangrike kennis besit as gevolg van persoonlike lewenservaringe, die opvoeding wat hulle ontvang bestaan hoofsaaklik uit dialoog tussen die verskillende kennis stel dat hulle besit. Wanneer mense aktief deelneem in die ontwikkeling van hul gemeenskappe, word 'n gevoel van eienaarskap ontwikkel. In terme van die ontwikkeling van die studie het die direkte betrokkenheid van die personeel van plaaslike regering, ACPDT en vennoot organisasies asook die werk met die gemeenskappe van Shamva, Umzingwane en Buhera die basis gevorm van die studie. Politieke partye beinvloed die ontwikkeling van die BO/NRO‐sektor en dit stel hulle in staat om menslike vermoëns op te bou. Die regering moet 'n instaatstellende omgewing skep wat vry is van geweld en waar die oppergesag van die reg gerespekteer word. Dit sal BO’s/NRO's help om vermoëns bouende programme te implementeer wat gemeenskappe die geleentheid sal gee om deel te hê aan die ontwikkeling van hul gemeenskap.