Family planning services are rendered at no cost in all clinics in Mdantsane. Mdantsane is situated in the Eastern Cape and falls under Amathole District Municipality. The high rate of adolescent pregnancy in the area raises a question as to whether the family planning services are adequate. This issue reflects on the quality of family planning service delivery. According to Roux (1995:94), a quality service is a safe, easily available and readily acceptable service, delivered by well trained family planning personnel through well planned programmes. Aims and Objectives: To assess the quality of family planning service delivery by health providers to adolescents; determine the opinions of adolescents regarding accessibility, friendliness of staff, privacy, confidentiality, reproductive health information and resources at Mdantsane clinics from June to July 2009. Method: A questionnaire was designed to collect data. The questionnaire was administered on the adolescents utilizing the reproductive health services at eleven primary health clinics in Mdantsane. A sample consisting of 110 adolescent youth between 19 and 24 years was selected by using random sampling. A response of “yes” will indicate that the participant is satisfied with the specific item, while a response of “no” will indicate dissatisfaction with that item. A specially designed spreadsheet was developed to analyze the data. Data was analyzed by using the Microsoft Excel 2007 Version 6. Results: The results from this research study suggest that there is a definite need for improvement of adolescent reproductive health services at Mdantsane clinics. It is clear that the current available maternal and child health programmes, school health services and reproductive health services are not able to meet the adolescent sexual and reproductive needs. Conclusion: The research findings from this study indicated the constraints to good quality family planning health care service delivery. Satisfaction responses from the five categories: health facility amenities, accessibility, staff characteristics, availability of sexual and reproductive health services and availability of educational material accessibility were mostly below 70%. The responses regarding the question on the “full information about the available contraceptives”showed the least level of satisfaction. Deficiencies in physical facilities and equipment, disruptions in supplies, insufficient information provided to clients and providers‟ insensitivity to the feelings and needs of the clients are issues that discourage adolescents from utilizing contraceptive services. Recommendations: Adolescents need a safe and supportive environment that offers information and skills to equip them on all aspects related to sexual and reproductive health issues. To satisfy adolescent reproductive needs, the following key elements should be improved: accessibility of reproductive health services, friendliness of clinic staff, availability of information about reproduction and sexuality and maintenance of issues regarding confidentiality and anonymity. Quality requires the presence of trained personnel in well-equipped clinics where clients are treated courteously. To avoid issues of courtesy bias, there is a need to conduct a similar survey utilizing alternative community settings, namely homes of participants or a school.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of the newly qualified professional nurses in midwifery section doing community service. A qualitative descriptive, interpretative phenomenological research was conducted to determine the experiences. The sample included newly qualified professional nurses doing community service. Data collection was conducted by means of unstructured interviews from ten (n=10) informants. Each interview was approximately 45 minutes. Ethical issues were considered. Hussel and Heidergadian’s data analysis steps were followed. Four (4) themes and eleven (11) sub-themes emerged from the data collected. The findings revealed that the newly qualified professional nurses were in a state of reality shock, demonstrated by challenges such as shortage of human and material resources; overcrowding; lack of support; and the placement of Midwifery Nursing Science in the curriculum has impacted negatively on midwives’ registration as professional nurses. Based on the current practical nursing education environment and further research, this study concludes by presenting its recommendations and limitations. / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)

Bakgrund: Övervikt och fetma är ett hälsoproblem som har ökat i samhället och globalt. Forskningen visar att barnen drabbas av livsstilssjukdomar i vuxen ålder. Distriktssköterskorna har en unik arbetsplats på barnavårdscentral och möter barn med viktproblem. Genom hälsosamtal med föräldrarna får föräldrarna de råd och upplysningar som det behövs för att bekämpa eller förebygga övervikt och fetma hos barn. Genom distriktsköterskornas hälsosamtal stöds föräldrar och barn med råd och information för att förebygga övervikt och framtida livsstilssjukdomar. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att belysa distriktssköterskors upplevelse av hälsosamtal med föräldrar till barn med övervikt och fetma. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes baserad på 15 originalartiklar. Artiklarna söktes fram i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Data analyserades med stöd av uppdaterad integrativ granskningsmetod enligt Whittemore och Knafl (2005). Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier och tolv underkategorier. Resultat: Resultatet visade att distriktssköterskor upplevde olika svårigheter som hindrade de att utföra ett effektivt arbete med övervikt och fetmaproblem hos spädbarn och barn under fem år. Det behövs aktuella riktlinjer och även utbildning till både föräldrar och distriktssjuksköterskor för att spädbarn och barn under fem år får en fetmafri barndom. Diskussion: Låg kunskapsnivå om övervikt och fetma hos föräldrarna kan ökas med hjälp av olika bland annat digitala verktyg. Distriktssjuksköterskorna kan i sina ordinarie arbetstider få regelbundna utbildningar och det är viktigt att organisationer uppdaterar riktlinjer. Slutsats: Samhället förändras och teknologi växer och i och med det, förändras mat- och aktivitetskultur hos samhället. Nya organisationsbestämmelser och riktlinjer behövs. Nya verktyg och uppdaterad kunskap hos distriktssjuksköterskor behövs för att säkerställa samhällets hälsa nu och i framtiden. / Background: Obesity are a health problem that has increased in society and globally. Research shows that children suffer from lifestyle diseases in adulthood. The district nurses have a unique workplace at the child care center and meet children with weight problems. Through health conversations with the parents, the parents receive the advice and information needed to fight or prevent overweight and obesity in children. Through the district nurses' health talks, parents and children are supported with advice and information to prevent obesity and future lifestyle diseases. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to shed light on district nurses' experience of health conversations with parents of overweight and obese children. Method: A literature review was conducted based on 15 original articles. The articles were searched in the databases PubMed and CINAHL. Data were analyzed using an updated integrative review method according to Whittemore and Knafl (2005). The analysis resulted in three categories and twelve subcategories. Results: The results showed that district nurses experienced various difficulties that prevented them from performing effective work with obesity and obesity problems in infants and children under five years of age. Current guidelines and also training for both parents and district nurses are needed for infants and children under the age of five to have an obesityfree childhood. Discussion: Low level of knowledge about overweight and obesity in parents can be increased with the help of various digital tools, among others. The district nurses can receive regular training during their regular working hours and it is important that the organization updates guidelines. Conclusion: Society is changing and technology is growing and with it, food and activity culture in society is changing. New organizational rules and guidelines are needed. New tools and updated knowledge of district nurses are needed to ensure the health of society now and in the future. / <p>Datum för godkännande: 2021-12-06</p>

This study explored the work of nursing and the social influences of eugenic policies established during the Progressive Era (1890-1930) on the writing and passage of the Social Security Act of 1935. The research questions: "Did eugenic philosophy and practice influence the Social Security Act of 1935 in relation to Maternal Health Policy?" and 'What was nursing's influence on the Social Security Act of 1935?" required the social history research method. Data were evaluated with the conclusion that eugenic policies did influence the writing and passage of the Social Security Act. Also, that nurses, and other women, played a specific, important and constructive role in developing the Act. During the late 1800s and early 1900s prominent leaders of business, science, philanthropy, and social reform supported the eugenic agenda to assure the wellbeing of hard working "Anglo-Saxon" American citizens. Industrialization and scientific advances in medicine gave Americans the impression that the "production" of healthy, intelligent children could be controlled, efficient, and predictable. Better breeding as a means for social improvement, which fueled the eugenics movement's use of science to solve social problems through governmental involvement, had two sides. Positive eugenics increased information on health and illness prevention, and established well baby clinics; however, negative eugenics advocated controlled reproduction through sterilization of persons considered "unfit." By 1935, twenty-eight states had eugenic sterilization laws. Noted reformers during this time (Lillian Wald, Jane Addams, and Florence Kelley) worked with Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson to establish the Federal Children's Bureau. The Bureau had a direct influence on the maternal and child health policy established by the Social Security Act of 1935. / This legacy continues today in the continued fight for women and children's social and economic rights.The Social Security Act's intention, economic security for all citizens, was not realized. Sections of the Act focused on maternalistic social views and sought to maintain a patriarchal family structure. The language of the Social Security Act created barriers to benefits for the most vulnerable. In fact, it seems reasonable to conclude that institutionalized health care disparities laid their roots in America through this legislation. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

A quantitative, descriptive, explorative design was applied to study the problems that hindered the Primary Health Care (PHC) nurses in rendering quality health care in the health facilities in Limpopo province South Africa. The sample consisted of 53 PHC nurses who completed a pre-tested questionnaire which covered various aspects related to the provision of quality PHC services. The data were analysed by computer using SPSS version 15 soft ware. The findings revealed that most of the problems could be attributed to financial constraints, poor budgeting, and shortage of staff to manage large number of patients, lack of enough support from other professional staff, unreliable referral systems and communication networks. PHC nurses work under difficult conditions and often have to improvise to care for patients, but unless more funds are allocated to rural health care facilities and these problems are addressed, more nurses will work under difficult circumstances. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Text in English / Little is known about the current practice of the nurse practising as an independent private practitioner in South Africa. There is also limited information available about his/her needs for establishing and maintaining a private practice. In this exploratory, descriptive study the AFFIRM model was applied and specific data regarding the practice and needs of the nurse in private practice was collected through a questionnaire. Based on the analysed data, it would appear that the majority of private nurse practitioners are married females and fall into the age group below 44 years. Although a variety of nursing services are offered, quality control appears to be minimal. It was found that private nurse practitioners have specific learning needs particularly regarding business management skills, quality control and current nursing practices. Recommendations were made for the maintenance of standards in private practices and the introduction of short courses for nurses in private practice. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

The study aimed to assess factors affecting the uptake of community-based Tuberculosis care (CTBC) as experienced by patients in Lobatse in order to make recommendations to enhance the uptake of CBTC in this area. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using structured interviews amongst 101 TB patients in Lobatse who registered for directly observed treatment (DOT) for TB in the GOB’s health facilities from January 2011 to August 2013. The SPSS (version 21) was used to analyse the data. Univariate logistic regression models were used. Participation in CTBC was an outcome. The main predictors for participation in CBTC included, knowledge and attitudes towards CTBC (p=0.0003), perceived barriers and enablers towards this programme (p=0.0279), and patient satisfaction with this programme (p=0.0315). The research findings pertain to TB services in Lobatse, because the study was conducted in government health facilities implementing the Botswana National Tuberculosis Programme (BNTP) CTBC guidelines only in Lobatse / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Background: The past two decades have witnessed transition from in-patient hospital settings to Community and Home Based Care in Zimbabwe. This is because of an increase in the number of people developing chronic health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and cancers, and thus needing longer treatment durations. The increase in chronic conditions has mainly been attributed to the increase in incidence and prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune-deficiency Syndrome in Sub-Saharan Africa. Many Governments, including that of Zimbabwe, endorsed and promoted community and home based care to provide a continuum of care to the chronically ill. Despite the implementation of Community and Home Based Care programmes, no studies known to the researcher have been done to investigate the congruency of service users’ needs and the programme goals. Purpose: The purpose of the study is twofold; firstly to explore whether Community and Home Based Care interventions provide services that effectively meet users’ goals in a dynamic social environment and secondly, to develop guidelines for enhancing care provision as well as congruency of service users’ needs and programme goals. Methods: A mixed-method approach combining qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis was used. Concurrent collection of data with equal status was placed on both qualitative and quantitative data. For qualitative data interviews and focus groups were used with home based care service users, family care givers, and health providers. Structured questionnaires were used for the quantitative data. Framework: Imogene King’s Interacting Systems Framework and Theory of Goal Attainment were adopted to guide the study. These were utilised because of the assumption that mutual agreement on goals for effective care can be achieved through nurse-client interactions and communication Research findings: Community and Home Based Care programme in Zimbabwe does not comprehensively meet the needs of its service users. Service users have diverse needs and goals depending on the specific condition and symptoms they experience. They perceive access to medication for symptom management and pain control, food and financial stability, as priority needs. The study found that nursing services provided in Community and Home Based Care generally align with the physical needs of service users and was deficient in addressing the socio-economic and psycho-social needs of service users. Conclusion: No single sector can achieve the users’ and the programme`s goals of quality health on its own. The goals may only be realised when other stakeholders and relevant sectors contribute to the Community and Home Based Care programme, which requires diverse resources. Guidelines to enhance integration of Community and Home Based Care with social services were developed. / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

The study aimed to assess factors affecting the uptake of community-based Tuberculosis care (CTBC) as experienced by patients in Lobatse in order to make recommendations to enhance the uptake of CBTC in this area. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using structured interviews amongst 101 TB patients in Lobatse who registered for directly observed treatment (DOT) for TB in the GOB’s health facilities from January 2011 to August 2013. The SPSS (version 21) was used to analyse the data. Univariate logistic regression models were used. Participation in CTBC was an outcome. The main predictors for participation in CBTC included, knowledge and attitudes towards CTBC (p=0.0003), perceived barriers and enablers towards this programme (p=0.0279), and patient satisfaction with this programme (p=0.0315). The research findings pertain to TB services in Lobatse, because the study was conducted in government health facilities implementing the Botswana National Tuberculosis Programme (BNTP) CTBC guidelines only in Lobatse / Health Studies / M. A. (Public Health)