This study covers the recycling of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles through melt blending with low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP). In general, polymer blends are known to be immiscible and incompatible with poor mechanical properties. This problem is due to the low intermolecular forces between the components of the immiscible blends. In order to enhance the interaction and compatibility between these matrices, some reactive or non-reactive copolymers were used. In this work / PET was treated with silane coupling agent (SCA) (low molecular weight reactive additive) for compatilization of LDPE-PP-PET blends. LDPE-PP-PET blends were prepared in different compositions (by weight) with and without silane coupling agent at high temperatures by a single screw extrusion and injection molding. Mechanical properties of treated and non-treated blends were studied in terms of tensile strength, strain at break and impact strength. Melt flow properties of blends were investigated by melt flow index. The impact fractured surfaces and thermal behaviour of the blends were examined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), respectively. Through out the studies, good adhesion between PET and LDPE-PP matrix was successfully achieved by the surface treatment of PET particles. The adhesion was also observed in SEM studies. Also the variation in mechanical properties was found to be highly dependent on the number of extrusion.

Les matériaux composites constituent aujourd’hui un domaine très dynamique tant au niveau de l’industrie que de la recherche. Dans ce cadre, les renforts d’origines naturelles représentent une alternative intéressante aux fibres synthétiques de par leurs propriétés mécaniques élevées, leur faible densité et leur caractère biosourcé, afin de répondre à l’accroissement des niveaux de performances ciblés ainsi qu’aux exigences économiques et écologiques actuelles.Ces travaux s’inscrivent dans un projet regroupant laboratoires de recherche, fournisseurs et end-users, visant à développer un matériau composite unidirectionnel structural à base de fibre de lin pour une application sport et loisirs. Ainsi, les objectifs initiaux incluent le développement de différents traitements chimiques des fibres, afin de les laver, d’homogénéiser leurs propriétés mécaniques et d’améliorer l’adhésion fibre-matrice. Une stratégie originale a pour cela été élaborée, basée sur la réactivité et les propriétés physico-chimiques d’un agent de couplage biosourcé. Ce produit a montré un potentiel prometteur d’additif de renforcement des matériaux cellulosiques, notamment à l’état humide. De plus, sa réactivité avec des molécules compatibilisantes a permis de le fonctionnaliser pour promouvoir l’adhésion fibre-matrice.Les caractérisations menées aux différentes échelles de la fibre de lin ont ensuite montré la pertinence de ces traitements, qui renforcent les interfaces fibre-matrice et les fibres techniques à l’état humide. Les études mécaniques ont cependant soulevé de nombreuses problématiques expérimentales, et ont démontré que les spécificités morphologiques de ces objets et leur caractère naturel ne permettaient pas l’exploitation directe des mesures dans le cadre d’un tel projet de développement. Les axes de recherche se sont alors avant tout focalisés sur l’étude des matériaux composites. Ainsi, plusieurs verrous structuraux ont pu être identifiés. La qualité de l’imprégnation de ces renforts naturels, qui peut être influencée par la formulation des traitements et la mise en œuvre, est déterminante dans le développement du matériau à cause de la morphologie multi-échelles des fibres. L’orientation des fibres au sein des plis unidirectionnels s’est également avéré être un paramètre prépondérant, étroitement lié à l’architecture des renforts et aux procédés de traitements industriels.Les développements menés à la fois sur les traitements et sur la structure des composites ont ainsi permis de doubler les propriétés mécaniques des systèmes initiaux pour atteindre un module de rigidité de 30 GPa et une contrainte ultime d’environ 370 MPa en traction tout en limitant grandement la perte de résistance après vieillissement dans l’eau et en garantissant une déformation en flexion répondant au cahier des charges. Les évolutions réalisées ne permettent pas pour le moment d’envisager l’industrialisation de ce matériau, mais vont permettre le prototypage de produits finis. / Nowadays, composite materials are a challenging and dynamic thematic for both industry and academic research. In this context, natural fibres are an interesting alternative to synthetic fibres thanks to their high mechanical properties, low density and biosourced origins in order to meet the requirements in terms of performance, costs and durability.This work take part into an industrial project that include research laboratories, suppliers and end-users. It aims at developing a unidirectional flax fibre composite material for sport and recreation application. The initial objectives of development focused on the surface optimization and the reinforcement, and the improvement of fibre-matrix adhesion. An original strategy has been set, based on the reactivity and the physico-chemical properties of métapériodate oxidized xyloglucan. This molecule has shown a promising effect of reinforcement on cellulosic materials, particularly in wet conditions. Besides, its reactivity with compatibilization agents allows different functionalization possibilities to increase fibre-matrix adhesion, encouraging its use as a coupling agent.The characterizations led on the different scales of flax fibre validated this strategy, as micro-mechanical tests showed adhesion improvement and mechanical properties of wet fibres had significantly increased. However, further mechanical investigations rose numerous experimental issues, and demonstrated that the specific morphology of these objects as well as their natural origins were major obstacles to measures exploitation in this kind of development project. So, the main research axis then focused on directly composite materials.Different structural problematics has been thus identified. Natural fibre impregnation, which can be influenced by treatments composition and elaboration process, has revealed itself has an important parameter linked to the multi-scale organization of flax. The fibre orientation in the unidirectional ply has been also identified as a key parameter that is affected by reinforcement architecture and industrial process of treatment.Those developments on treatments and composite structure led to a great increase of the material tensile properties to reach 30 GPa modulus and 370 MPa in strength, also improving its water ageing behaviour and its flexion ultimate strain. These promising enhancements are not sufficient in terms of overall mechanical performance and elaboration process to envisage an industrialization phase, but the prototyping of finished products will be realized.

Blendas poliméricas são largamente utilizadas nas indústrias de pneus por causa de seu baixo custo e das melhores propriedades que podem ser obtidas. Quando os componentes da blenda não são miscíveis entre si, métodos de compatibilização química (utilizando agentes compatibilizantes) ou mecânica (aumentando o tempo de mistura dos elastômeros) são necessários para melhorar a compatibilidade dos componentes da mistura. Neste trabalho, o Trans-Polioctenileno (TOR) foi usado como agente compatibilizante da blenda de NR/SBR. A viscosidade Mooney, a Carga e o Alongamento na Ruptura de diversas blendas foram avaliados, utilizando um planejamento fatorial. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o TOR tem maior influência na alteração da viscosidade Mooney, seguido pelo tempo de premix e de repasse. No caso das propriedades dinamométricas, a carga e o alongamento na ruptura são mais sensíveis às alterações do tempo de processamento dos polímeros. O TOR leva a uma ligeira diminuição destas propriedades. Baseado nos resultados estatísticos, equações de regressão para avaliar as propriedades estudadas em função da concentração de TOR e do tempo de processamento foram propostos e posteriormente verificados, utilizando blendas que não estavam incluídas no planejamento original. Os resultados foram bastante satisfatórios, tanto na determinação dos efeitos das variáveis quanto na determinação das equações. Concluiu-se que a viscosidade Mooney é mais sensível às alterações da concentração de TOR do que às alterações do tempo de mistura dos elastômeros e que as propriedades dinamométricas são mais afetadas pelo tempo de processamento. / Polymer blends are used in tyre industries because of their low cost and better properties. When the blend components are not miscible, chemical methods (using compatibilizing agents) or mechanical methods (increasing the mixture time of elastomers) of compatibilization are necessary to improve the compatibility of the components of the blend. In this work, Trans-Polyoctenylene Rubber (TOR) was used as a compatibilizing agent of the NR/SBR rubber blend. The Mooney viscosity, stress and elongation at break of different blends were evaluated, using a Factorial Design. The experimental results obtained showed that the Mooney viscosity is greatly affected by the addition of TOR whereas the dynamometric properties, the stress and elongation at break are more sensitive to the changes of processing time of polymers. Based on statistical results, regression equations to evaluate the properties studied as a function of TOR concentration and processing time were obtained and verified using blends which were not on the original design. The results were very satisfactory, either on the effects determination or on the regression equation determination. It was concluded that the Mooney viscosity is more sensitive to the alterations of TOR concentration than the changes in the processing time of the elastomers and the dynamometric properties are more affected by the processing time.

Polímeros líquido-cristalinos (LCPs) e poliestirenos comerciais são imiscíveis. A literatura relata melhoria na miscibilidade dessas blendas através da utilização de polímeros modificados. Misturas de polímeros com baixa massa molar são mais miscíveis do que blendas similares com polímeros de alta massa molar. Neste trabalho, blendas de poliestireno sintetizado com baixa massa molar (Mv = 11000 e 70000 g/mol) e poliestireno comercial (Mv = 223000 g/mol) e polímero líquidocristalino termotrópico sintetizado, poli(metil-1,4-dioxifenileno 4,4\'-dicarbonil-1,10- dibenzoil-oxi-decano) (Mn = 9500 g/mol, Mw = 24000 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 2,5), foram preparadas por solubilização em clorofórmio e por coprecipitação. A ocorrência ou não da miscibilidade nas amostras foram estudadas através da viscosimetria, de calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) e análise térmica dinâmico-mecânica (DMTA). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com as micrografias obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). As análises quantitativas das micrografias MEV das misturas de LCP com PS 11000 g/mol revelaram que os diâmetros das partículas de PS variaram de 27 a 52 nanômetros em blendas (PS/LCP) com composição relativa em massa de 70/30, 50/50, 30/70, formando uma estrutura micro-heterogênea. Já as misturas formadas com PS com Mv = 70000 g/mol apresentaram estrutura cocontínua para as mesmas composições de blendas, que confirmam a imiscibilidade das mesmas, conforme observado por DSC e DMTA. / Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) and commercial polystyrene blends are known to be immiscible. The literature reports improvements on miscibility through polymer modification. Mixtures of amorphous isotropic polymers with low molar mass are more miscible than similar blends with high molar mass polymers. In this work, blends of synthesized polystyrenes with low molar masses (Mv = 11000 e 70000 g/mol) and commercial polystyrene (Mv = 223000 g/mol), and synthesized thermotropic liquid crystal polymer poly(methyl-1,4-dioxiphenylene-4,4\'-dicarbonyl- 1,10-dibenzoyl-oxydecane), (Mn = 9500 g/mol, Mw = 24000 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 2.5) were prepared by solubilization in chloroform and co-precipitation. The presence or absence of miscibility in the samples were studied by viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanic thermal analysis (DMTA). The results are compared to the morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative analysis of the micrographs of the blends by SEM showed that the blends with PS 11000 g/mol showed diameters of the PS particles in the range 27-52 nanometers at all compositions, forming a micro-heterogeneous structure. In contrast, the blends formed with PS Mw = 70000 g/mol showed co-continuous structure for the blends, confirming the immiscibility as observed by DSC and DMTA .

Les matériaux polymères appelés communément "Plastiques" sont très présents dans notre vie quotidienne. Leurs propriétés intrinsèques nécessitent souvent d'être améliorées pour répondre aux normes et autres cahiers des charges régissant leur utilisation. Ainsi, deux grandes stratégies sont aujourd'hui utilisées. La première consiste à incorporer des renforts (exemple de la fibre de verre) pour augmenter certaines propriétés mécaniques. La seconde consiste à mélanger deux polymères distincts possédant chacun des caractéristiques spécifiques pour obtenir un matériau combinant les propriétés des deux polymères de base, Il s'agit alors de "compatibilisation". L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de fabriquer des nanoparticules capables de combiner les notions de renfort et de compatibilisation précédemment évoquées. Pour ce faire, une stratégie de synthèse en miniémulsion reposant sur un phénomène de séparation interne de phase a permis de produire des nanoparticules hybrides asymétriques. Ces dernières sont formées d'un cœur de silice d'environ 50 nanomètres de diamètre dont l'un des hémisphères seulement a été greffé par des chaînes de polystyrène (PS) formant un nodule d'environ 80 nanomètres de diamètre. Ces nanoparticules asymétriques silice/PS ont ensuite été introduites dans un mélange de polystyrène et de polyamide-6 (PS/PA6). La migration des nanoparticules silice/PS à l'interface de ce mélange a été vérifiée par microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB). Les phénomènes mis en jeu dans cette migration ont été étudiés de façon approfondie via une étude modèle. Des nanocomposites PS/PA6 comportant différents taux de charges de nanoparticules asymétriques ont été réalisés pour vérifier l'effet compatibilisant de ces dernières. Ainsi, une nette diminution des tailles des phases dispersées de PA6 a pu être mise en évidence par MEB et par granulométrie à diffraction laser correspondant à un effet émulsifiant. Enfin, des essais rhéologiques à l'état fondu qui finalisent cette étude et ont permis de montrer via l'utilisation d'un modèle de Palierne ajusté, une diminution de la tension interfaciale apparente du mélange liée au taux de charges en nanoparticules silice/PS. / Polymers materials usually named « plastics » are widely present in our daily life. Their intrinsic properties often need to be improved in order to respect regulations, standards and others specifications governing their commercial use. Thus, two main strategies are used. The first one consists in incorporating solid fillers to improve some mechanical properties. The second one is based on the mixing of two polymers with specific characteristics to obtain a new material combining the properties of the two initial polymers used. The main goal of this work is to synthesize nanoparticles able to combine the both strategies presented before. To do this, a protocol of synthesis by miniemulsion based on an intern phase separation process was employed and hybrid asymmetric nanoparticles were obtained. These hybrid asymmetric nanoparticles correspond to a silica core (around 50 nanometers diameter) with only one hemisphere grafted by polystyrene (PS) chains resulting in a PS nodule (around 80 nanometers diameter). Then, these asymmetric silica/PS nanoparticles were incorporated into a polystyrene/polyamide-6 (PS/PA6) blend and their migration to the matrix/nodule interface was highlighted by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental and theoretical investigations were focus on the phenomena involved in this migration. To evaluate the compatibilizing effect of silica/PS nanoparticles, several PS/PA6 nanocomposites with various contents of nanoparticles were prepared. A significant decrease of PA6 nodules size as function of nanoparticles concentration was observed by SEM and diffraction particle size analyzer which prove an emulsifying effect for silica/PS nanoparticles. Finally, the rheological tests at the melted state combined with an adjusted Palierne model method, show a decrease of the apparent interfacial tension of the blend as function of the silica/PS nanoparticles content.

Diploma thesis deals with preparation of polymer blend of polymer A and polymer B. Knowledge of polymer blends forming, thermodynamics and function of compatibilizer is contained in the theoretical part. Polymer blend A/B of weight ratios 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 wt% were prepared by physical compatibilization. Concentration of compatibilizer was 5 wt%, in the case of A/B 50/50 wt% concentration of compatibilizer was 10 and 30 wt%, respectively. Blending was achieved with twin-screw extruder at 230 °C and 100 rpm. Second method used for A/B blending was based on reactive compatibilization which was achieved with Brabender kneader at 230 °C, 50 rpm and reaction time 10 minutes. Concentration ratios of A/B were 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 wt%. Itaconic acid anhydride and maleic anhydride 0.5 and 5 wt% were used as monomer. 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-buthylperoxy)hexan was (Luperox 101) used as an initiator. Difference between compatibilized and noncompatibilized blends was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry, melt flow index measuring, acid-base titration and FT-IR spectroscopy.

L’objectif de cette thèse est le développement de matériaux polymères injectables innovants issus de ressources renouvelables et répondant aux exigences techniques automobiles. Pour cela nous nous sommes intéressés à des mélanges de polymères modèles : le polyamide 12 et l’amidon plastifié. Nos travaux ont donc porté sur l’optimisation des propriétés de ces mélanges, via le contrôle de la morphologie. Ainsi deux stratégies ont été envisagées : la compatibilisation du mélange grâce à deux agents réactifs et la modification des paramètres de mise en œuvre. Ces deux stratégies se sont révélées être efficace pour l’amélioration des propriétés des mélanges. Enfin à partir de cette étude sur les polymères modèles, des matériaux issus de ressources renouvelables ont été formulés. De même une étape de compatibilisation à partir d’une résine époxy a été envisagée permettant au final d’obtenir des matériaux ayant des propriétés optimisées. / The main objective of this work is the development of innovative materials from renewable resources for the automotive industry. Polymer blends of polyamide 12 and plasticized starch prepared through internal mixer and extruder processes, were studied as model blends. In order to improve the final properties of the blends, two strategies were considered: the compatibilization via two reactive agents and the modification of the process parameters. These strategies were proved to be truly effective to improve the properties of the blends. Finally, materials from renewable resources were processed. As well a compatibilization step thanks to a solid epoxy resin were considered to obtain materials with improved properties.

Conventional studies of ionomers have focused on ionomers bearing monovalent carboxylate or sulfonate pendant ions. There are relatively fewer studies on ionomers containing multivalent pendant ions, such as divalent phosphonate. In this dissertation, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polystyrene ionomers with divalent phosphonate pendant ions have been synthesized, and the influence of divalent phosphonate pendant ions on the structure-morphology-property relationship has been compared to the ionomers with monovalent sulfonate pendant ions. The phosphonate groups generated a stronger physically crosslinked network in phosphonated ionomers as compared to sulfonated analogues. Higher plateau modulus, longer relaxation time, and significantly higher zero-shear viscosity were noted for phosphonated ionomers by a dynamic melt rheology study. Compared to the ionic aggregates generated from sulfonate groups, larger ionic aggregates with associated phosphonate groups have been observed. Furthermore, phosphonated ionomers displayed significantly higher glass transition temperatures than sulfonated ionomers. Ionomers have proven to be attractive, interfacially active compatibilizers for a number of polymer blend systems because of specific interactions that may develop between the ionic groups and complementary functional groups on other polar polymers within the blends. The successful compatibilization of polyester/polyamide blends (prepared by solution mixing and melt blending methods) using phosphonated PET ionomers as a minor-component compatibilizer has been demonstrated. The phase-separated polyamide domain dimension decreased with increasing mol % phosphonated monomers and this decrease was attributed to the specific interactions between the ionic phosphonate groups on the polyester ionomer and the amide linkages of polyamide. More importantly, the divalent phosphonate pendant ions are more effective at compatibilizing polyester/polyamide blends in comparison to the monovalent sulfonate pendant ions. Phosphonated PET ionomer-compatibilized polyester/polyamide blends required 6 times fewer ionic monomers to achieve domain dimension < 1 μm as compared to sulfonated PET-containing blends. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been reported to be the next generation solvents due to the superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sustainability as compared to ionic liquids. Two types of deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride : malic acid (ChCl:MA) and L-arginine : levulinic acid (Arg:LA), have been demonstrated as effective plasticizers for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) films. The plasticization effects on the properties of PVOH films were evidenced by lower crystallizability and improved film ductility. In addition, ChCl:MA deep eutectic solvent was more effective in plasticizing PVOH as compared to propylene glycol, one of the most widely studied alcohol-type plasticizers. From an applied perspective, DES-plasticized PVOH film is a promising candidate in the packaging market of heath-related products. / Doctor of Philosophy / Non-covalent interactions play an important role on the structure-morphology-property relationship of polymeric materials. Divalent phosphonate pendant ions provide interesting effects on the properties of ionomer and polymer blends as compared to the monovalent sulfonate pendant ions. Ionomers containing phosphonate pendant ions exhibit a significantly stronger physically crosslinked network as compared to sulfonated ionomers. Compared to monovalent sulfonate groups, the divalent phosphonate groups are more effective at compatibilizing polymer blends. Furthermore, the compatibilized poly(ethylene terephthalate)-based blends exhibit improved optical and oxygen barrier properties compared to the base blend without compatibilizer, signifying potential benefits in packaging industry. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is one of the most widely used packaging materials for food, medicine, detergent, etc. The incorporation of deep eutectic solvents as plasticizers significantly improved film ductility. In addition, the plasticization effect for choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent is more profound than one of the most widely studied alcohol-type plasticizers, propylene glycol. The effective plasticization of poly(vinyl alcohol) using deep eutectic solvents confirmed the potential for future applications in the packaging market of health-related product.

Cette étude s’intéresse aux mélanges Polyamide 6 / Polyéthylène Haute Densité compatibilisés par voie réactive, plus particulièrement aux relations entre (1) la formulation, les paramètres de mise en œuvre en extrusion bivis corotative et (2) la morphologie et la microstructure des mélanges. Des morphologies multi-échelles ont été observées en Microscopie Électronique à Balayage et en Transmission. À l’échelle micrométrique, les morphologies suivantes ont été développées : dispersion nodulaire, nodules étirés et co-continuité. Les paramètres procédés n’influençant pas le type morphologie, les régions correspondant aux types de morphologies ont pu être rassemblées sur des diagrammes ternaires. Dans le cas des mélanges compatibilisés, deux mécanismes de formation de ces morphologies sont proposés : (1) la réaction de compatibilisation très rapide et efficace entraîne la formation de nano-dispersions par instabilités d’interface et (2) le mécanisme classique de rupture/coalescence de domaines moins riches en copolymère permet de former des morphologies jusqu’à l’échelle micrométrique. L’évolution de la taille maximale des domaines en fonction de la composition ainsi que la distribution de tailles ont été modélisés par des mécanismes de percolation. La stabilité des morphologies en statique, sous cisaillement contrôlé et au cours d’une deuxième étape de mise en forme a ensuite été étudiée. Le copolymère formé à l’interface permet de stabiliser la taille des morphologies. Enfin, une cristallisation à plus basse température a été mise en évidence en Calorimétrie Différentielle à Balayage lorsque les polymères sont confinés dans des domaines submicroniques. / This study deals with reactively compatibilized Polyamide 6 / High Density Polyethylene blends. More precisely, it focuses on the relationship between (1) the formulation, the processing parameters in corotating twin screw extrusion and (2) the morphologies and the microstructures of blends. Multi-scale morphologies were observed by Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy. At the micron scale, the following morphologies were developed: nodular dispersions, stretched nodules and co-continuous morphology. As the processing conditions did not influence the types of morphology, the different morphological regions were reported in ternary diagrams. In the case of compatibilized blends, two mechanisms for morphology development have been proposed: (1) the compatibilization reaction, being very fast, leads to the formation of nano-dispersions by interfacial instabilities and (2) the standard break-up/coalescence mechanism of domains poor in copolymer could lead to the formation of morphologies up to the micron scale. Both the evolution of the largest size as a function of the composition and the distribution of sizes were modeled using percolation concepts. The stability of the morphologies was then studied either during static annealing or controlled shear or in a second step processing. The copolymer formed at the interface allows stabilizing the size of the morphologies. Finally, crystallization at lower temperature was observed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry when the polymers are confined in submicron domains.

La société CASCADE a été créée pour industrialiser des technologies dites à « cascades lumineuses ». Le principe de ces « cascades lumineuses » consiste à réaliser un ou plusieurs décalages de fréquences lumineuses (ou électromagnétiques) en dopant une matrice polymère transparente par intégration de molécules optiquement actives (MOA), permettant d’adapter le spectre solaire à la photosynthèse et à la fonction chlorophyllienne des plantes. Un intérêt majeur pour les cultures sous serres d’utiliser des films agricoles dopés avec les MOA est de favoriser la précocité des récoltes ou d’accroître la quantité en poids des végétaux récoltés, sans en altérer leur qualité. Les polymères utilisés aujourd’hui dans les films agricoles sont le polyéthylène (PE) et le copolymère poly(éthylène-co-acétate de vinyle) (EVA) dans lesquels les MOA ne sont pas suffisamment stabilisées pour une application industrielle. L’objectif de la thèse vise donc à améliorer la tenue temporelle des MOA dans les matrices polymères PE/EVA par différentes stratégies : (i) l’étude de l’influence de la nature et de la topologie de la matrice polymère, (ii) l’optimisation des formulations existantes par ajout d’additifs ou de compatibilisants et (iii) l’encapsulation des MOA dans des particules de PMMA (non)-réticulées. / The CASCADE company was founded to develop technology said to “light cascades”. These “light cascades” consist of incorporating an appropriate combination of optically active molecules (OAM) into host materials allowing wavelength-shifting effects to optimize the quality and quantity of direct and diffuse sunlight. When such OAM combination is introduced into greenhouse films, an increase of agronomic yields and early crop are observed. Such behavior is due to the fact that OAM allow to adapt the solar spectrum to the photosynthesis and the chlorophyll function of plants. Greenhouse films are based on polyethylene (PE) and/or poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) copolymers. When OAM are introduced within such host polymers, their optically efficiency is limited for long term industrial applications. Therefore, the thesis goal is to improve the OAM lightfastness into PE/EVA polymer matrix by different strategies: (i) the study of polymer matrix nature and topology influence, (ii) the optimization of current formulations by additives or compatibilizers adding and (iii) the OAM encapsulation into (un)-crosslinked PMMA particles.