No description available.

Drunkorexia refers to a set of disordered eating behaviors that occur in the context of a drinking episode for the purpose of 1) off setting caloric intake of the alcohol or 2) increasing the effects of alcohol. The Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale (CEBRACS) was developed with the purpose of measuring drunkorexia behaviors at three time points: before, during, and after a drinking episode. The purpose of this study was to further validate the measure for use in men and women by examining measurement invariance, reliability, and validity. First, single group confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted separately by gender to examine the underlying factor structure of the measure. The two groups independently showed similar factor structure. The factor structure for both men and women indicated the removal of the original CEBRACS Restriction subscale. A multi-group CFA was conducted on the modified factor structure using gender as the grouping variable. This revised measure was found to have scalar invariance suggesting that means and variances of this measure can be compared. The current study addressed several limitations of previous measurement validation studies including a large diverse sample and thorough examination of the psychometric properties of the CEBRACS. This work provides additional evidence supporting the validity of the CEBRACS and suggests measurement invariance between genders.

Over the past two decades, a large body of research has examined the issues of eating disorders as well as compensatory behaviors in collegiate competitive athletes. Up to 49.1% of student-athletes engage in disordered eating and compensatory behaviors, while up to 7.1% of athletes have symptoms that reach the threshold of formal psychiatric diagnoses. Greater symptoms are linked to reduced athletic and academic performance, both of which may impact physical and psychosocial functioning later in adulthood. However, most athletes suffer from these symptoms in isolation, as these behaviors are often undetected by athletic trainers and coaches. The purpose of the current study was: (a) to examine the prevalence of both formal eating disorders and disordered eating symptomatology in a sample of collegiate student-athletes; (b) to explore the frequency of compulsive exercise occurrence; (c) to investigate the differences in athletes’ disordered eating, compulsive exercise, and body image concerns by gender, sport type, and level of athletic participation; and (d) to assess the relationships among athletes’ disordered eating, compulsive exercise, and body image concerns, as well as associations between athletes’ age and each of these three variables. In total, 128 NCAA Division I varsity and club athletes completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Compulsive Exercise Test (CET), and Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire – Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS). Correlational analysis, Independent two-sample, and Welch’s t-tests were conducted to establish statistical significance for the relationships of interest. Out of 128 athletes, 11 athletes (8.6%) scored in the clinically significant range on at least one EDE-Q subscale. Four athletes (3.2%) met criteria for Bulimia Nervosa, 3 athletes (2.4%) met criteria for Binge Eating Disorder, and 2 athletes (1.6%) met criteria for Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder. In addition, 40 athletes (31.3%) reported subclinical symptoms of an eating disorder. Nineteen athletes (14.85%) scored above the clinical cut-off score for compulsive exercise behavior. Female athletes reported greater disordered eating symptomatology and body image dissatisfaction than males. In addition, lean-sport athletes had a higher prevalence of maladaptive eating behaviors than non-lean sport athletes. Age was not associated with athletes’ disordered eating, compulsive exercise, and body image scores. Also, no differences were found between club and varsity athletes for the same variables. Positive correlations were found between athletes’ eating pathology and their compulsive exercise behaviors, suggesting that greater eating disorder symptoms were associated with greater excessive exercise engagement. In contrast to athletes with no symptoms of an eating disorder, athletes with symptoms of an eating disorder reported using exercise as a weight control measure. Higher levels of body image dissatisfaction were also associated with greater eating pathology. This study addressed a number of methodological shortcomings across the body of eating disorder research (e.g., studies with insufficient sample sizes, lack of group comparisons by age and level of athletic participation, and suboptimal psychometric measures) and underscored the need for a new generation of studies. The study also explored the frequency of compulsive exercise, a compensatory behavior which is highly prevalent, but often overlooked among athletes. The study findings may aid coaches, athletic administration, and mental health professionals in identifying at-risk athletes. The study findings also inform the development of prevention and treatment efforts. / Kinesiology

This study explores the association between media exposure and women’s body perceptions in Egypt. The thin ideal perpetuated through the media, eating disorders and body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness were thought to be a culturally linked phenomena confined to Western societies. This study has contributed to the debate on cultural determinism of eating disorders and body dissatisfaction in women as it has shown that these concepts are on the rise in non-Western societies in general and Egypt in specific. When exposed to media messages, women in Egypt demonstrated eating disordered attitudes, body dissatisfaction feelings and also chose other compensatory behaviors such as veiling, fasting, and following diet.

No description available.

Les comportements boulimiques, soit les comportements hyperphagiques (l’ingestion d’une importante quantité de nourriture dans un temps limité et avec un sentiment de perte de contrôle) et les comportements compensatoires (les comportements mis en place pour éviter un gain de poids, tels que les vomissements provoqués, la restriction et le jeûne, l’exercice physique excessif ainsi que la prise de laxatifs et de diurétiques), dépassent largement les préoccupations reliées à l’image corporelle. Les comportements boulimiques, comme de nombreux autres comportements maladaptés, sont liés à des difficultés de régulation émotionnelle dans des modèles explicatifs, notamment parce qu’ils peuvent aider à réguler des émotions difficiles. Plus spécifiquement, plusieurs émotions ont été associées aux comportements boulimiques, tels que le dégoût, la culpabilité, la honte, l’envie, la fierté et les émotions négatives (indifférenciées). Les variations des émotions observées ont donné lieu à des modèles théoriques des fonctions de régulation émotionnelle des comportements boulimiques. Cette thèse vise à mieux expliquer à quoi servent les comportements boulimiques : Comment peuvent-ils aider à faire face à certaines émotions, les diminuer ou les augmenter? Par quels mécanismes de régulation émotionnelle agissent-ils? Pour répondre à ces questions de recherche, trente-cinq femmes répondant aux critères diagnostiques de la boulimie du DSM-5-TR ont participé à deux études. Premièrement, des questionnaires mesurant les comportements, les difficultés de régulation émotionnelle et les émotions lors des comportements boulimiques ont été complétés. Deuxièmement, des questionnaires mesurant les émotions et les stratégies de régulation émotionnelle ont été complétés de manière écologique à quatre moments des comportements boulimiques : avant et après les comportements hyperphagiques; avant et après les comportements compensatoires. Les résultats de recherche montrent que les difficultés de régulation émotionnelle les plus retrouvées dans les comportements boulimiques sont les difficultés à contrôler des comportements impulsifs, alors que la peur est l’émotion la plus corrélée aux comportements boulimiques. Les difficultés à contrôler des comportements impulsifs et la peur montrent une contribution unique significative dans la prédiction des comportements boulimiques. Plus spécifiquement, en ce qui concerne les patrons de variations des émotions dans le cycle des comportements boulimiques (hyperphagiques/compensatoires), les émotions négatives (indifférenciées) ainsi que le dégoût, la culpabilité et la honte augmentent avec les comportements hyperphagiques et diminuent avec les comportements compensatoires, alors que la peur ne varie pas. Seules l’envie et la fierté diffèrent avant et après les comportements boulimiques : l’envie diminue et la fierté augmente. Pour ce qui est des stratégies de régulation émotionnelle, la suppression, la sélection de la situation et la modulation de la réponse sont significativement plus utilisées durant les comportements boulimiques, alors que la modification de la situation est plus employée lors des comportements compensatoires. En guise de conclusions à la présente thèse, un nouveau modèle théorique des fonctions de régulation émotionnelle des comportements boulimiques est proposé, intitulé le modèle de la redirection vers le corps. Les implications théoriques et cliniques du modèle proposé sont également discutées, notamment en lien avec les comportements boulimiques ainsi que d’autres comportements maladaptés. / Bulimic behaviors, which consist of binge eating behaviors (eating a large amount of food in a limited amount of time and with a sense of loss of control) and compensatory behaviors (behaviors put in place to avoid weight gain, such as induced vomiting, restriction and fasting, excessive physical exercise, and taking laxatives and diuretics) go far beyond body image concerns. Bulimic behaviors, like many other maladaptive behaviors, are linked to difficulties with emotion regulation in explanatory models, in part because they can help regulate difficult emotions. More specifically, several emotions have been associated with bulimic behaviors, such as disgust, guilt, shame, envy, pride and negative (undifferentiated) emotions. The observed changes in emotions have given rise to theoretical models of the emotion regulation functions of bulimic behaviors. This thesis aims to better explain what bulimic behaviors are used for: How can they help to cope with certain emotions, decrease ones or increase ones? What emotion regulation mechanisms do they use? To answer these research questions, thirty-five women meeting the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa participated in two studies. First, questionnaires measuring behaviors, emotion regulation difficulties and emotions related to bulimic behaviors were completed. Second, questionnaires measuring emotions and emotion regulation strategies were completed in an ecological manner at four points during bulimic behaviors: before and after binge eating behaviors; before and after compensatory behaviors. Research results show that the most common emotion regulation difficulties found in bulimic behaviors are difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors, while fear is the emotion most correlated with bulimic behaviors. Difficulties in controlling impulsive behaviors and fear show a significant unique contribution in predicting bulimic behaviors. More specifically, with respect to patterns of variation in emotions in the bulimic cycle (binge eating/compensatory behaviors), negative (undifferentiated) emotions as well as disgust, guilt and shame increase with binge eating behaviors and decrease with compensatory behaviors, whereas fear does not vary. Only envy and pride differ before and after bulimic behaviors: envy decreases and pride increases. In terms of emotion regulation strategies, suppression, situation selection and response modulation are significantly more used during bulimic behaviors, while situation modification is more used during compensatory behaviors. As a conclusion to this thesis, a new theoretical model of the emotion regulation functions of bulimic behaviors is proposed, called the body redirection model. The theoretical and clinical implications of the proposed model are also discussed, particularly in relation to bulimic behaviors as well as other maladaptive behaviors.