[pt] Este trabalho apresenta diversas metodologias para o cálculo de pagamento pela reserva de capacidade do sistema. A remuneração da reserva oferecida pelo sistema vem sendo cada vez mais discutida, principalmente, devido ao aumento de competição no setor elétrico e sua possível influência negativa na confiabilidade de suprimento. O estudo da confiabilidade do sistema tem uma ligação direta com este problema, pois os seus índices podem medir a importância da reserva de potência para o desempenho do sistema. Da mesma forma, a precificação de reserva procura refletir os requisitos de confiabilidade do sistema. Com isto é esperado que os agentes procurem agregar reserva ao sistema quando devidamente compensados por isto. As diversas maneiras de obterem-se os índices de confiabilidade são apresentadas, bem como as vantagens e desvantagens de cada uma. Os métodos discutidos são importantes para o sistema brasileiro, pois levam em consideração a confiabilidade composta geração- transmissão. Em um país com grande extensão territorial e com uma malha de transmissão na avaliação do risco do sistema. Foram utilizados como casos exemplos para este trabalho um sistema teste de 3 barras criado especialmente para este estudo, o IEEE-MRTS (IEEE-Modified Realiability System), e um equivalente do Sistema Sul-Sudeste Brasileiro. Finalmente, são discutidas as diversas maneiras que os agentes podem pagar e receber pela reserva operativa. O objetivo é tentar reduzir ao máximo a grande variância existente neste pagamento, pois se este valor for calculado em tempo real, é fácil perceber que os geradores receberão muito pouco em épocas de pequena demanda de energia, e por outro lado, receberão altas quantias nos instantes de pico de carga ou períodos secos. / [en] This work presents various methodologies for the calculation of payment through system capacity reserve. The remuneration of energy reserve offered by the system is been more and more discussed, mainly owing to increase of competition in electrical sector and its possible negative influence in supply reliability. The study of system reliability has a direct connection to this problem, because their indices can measure the importance of energy reserve for the performance of the system. Furthermore, the reserve tariff tries to reflect system reliability requirements. So, the system wait for investments of agents, when their receive correct remuneration for this. The various ways of getting the reliability indices are shown, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each one. The methods discussed are important for the Brazilian System because they take into consideration the generation-transmission reliability, while the methods used in the majority of other countries only taking consideration the generation. In large countries and with a transmission network completely interconnected as in Brazil, it is indispensable the study of the impact of transmission network in the evaluation of system risk. The cases studies for this work have used the IEEE-MRTS (IEEE-Modified Reliability System), a test system of three buses specially designed for this study and a equivalent of South-Southeast Brazilian Case (SSB). Finally, different way that agents can pay or receive in a accord with capacity of operative reserve are discussed. The objective is to try to reduce the maximum the great variation existing in this payments, because if this value was calculated in real time is easy to see that the generation will receive much less in time of low energy demand, and on the other hand, will receive high amounts in times of the load peak or dry periods.

The diploma thesis deals with identifying the potential for the development of competitiveness of the LABTECH s.r.o. in the market for leak detection measurement, by strengthening value creation in this market, which is presented as a value-creating network concept. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the selected theoretical basis for the concept of value-creating network, which is further considered as a possible framework for the development of the company's competitiveness. Based on market analysis and competitive environment in a defined value-creating network provisions are being presented to develop value creation in this network, and steps are being taken to implement these provisions in such a way that LABTECH s.r.o. competitiveness in the chosen market could develop.

The master’s thesis concerns with a theme of strengthening competitiveness of a travel agency, which makes tours to abroad. Theoretical part of the work includes knowledge about competitiveness and strengthening of the competitiveness. In practical part are knowledge used in a practice. The main part of the work is analysis of the travel agency and microeconomics and macroeconomics environment, which influences the company. These analysis are made because of raise proposal for strengthening competitiveness of the travel agency.

Strategy and IT research has been extensively discussed during the past 40 years. Two scientific disciplines Management Science (MS) and Management Information Science (MIS) investigate the importance of IT as a competitive factor. However, although much research is available in both disciplines, it is still difficult to explain how to manage IT to enable competitive advantages. One reason is that MS research focuses on strategies and competitive environments but avoids the analysis of IT. Another reason is that MIS research focuses on IT as a competitive factor but avoids the analysis of the competitive environment. Consequently, there is a gap of knowledge in the understanding of the strategic management of information technology (SMIT). The strategic analysis of IT as a competitive factor is important for achieving the competitive advantages of IT. This thesis explores factors related to strategy and IT that should be considered for the strategic analysis of IT as a competitive factor, and proposes a framework for SMIT. The research is conducted by means of a qualitative analysis of theoretical data from the disciplines of MS and MIS. Data is explored to find factors related to SMIT. The results of the analysis show that the strategic management of information technology is a continuous process of evaluation, change, and alignment between factors such as competitive environment, competitive strategies (business and IT strategies), competitive outcome, and competitive factors (IT). Therefore, the understanding of the relationships between these factors is essential in order to achieve the competitive advantages of using IT. This thesis contributes to strategic management research by clarifying the relationships between strategic management, competitive environment, and IT as competitive factor into a holistic framework for strategic analysis. The framework proposed is valuable not only for business managers and for IT managers, but also for academics. The framework is designed to understand the relationship between competitive elements during the process of strategic analysis prior to the formulation of competitive strategies. Moreover, it can also be used as a communication tool between managers, in order to achieve alignment among company strategies. To academics, this thesis presents the state-of-the-art related to strategic management research; it can also be a valuable reference for strategic managers, as well as researchers interested in the strategic management of IT. / <p>Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic.2006:53.</p>

Esta tese propõe a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: como estará caracterizado o ambiente competitivo dos bancos comerciais no Brasil nos próximos 10 anos e quais as principais estratégias e recursos que lhes habilitarão a competir nesse horizonte de tempo? Para respondê-la, pôs-se o objetivo geral de analisar as principais variáveis de configuração do ambiente competitivo dos bancos comerciais no Brasil e as possíveis estratégias competitivas correspondentes no referido horizonte de tempo. As abordagens de pesquisa utilizadas foram entrevistas semiestruturadas e um painel Delphi com treze especialistas do setor bancário: executivos, gestores, analistas e acadêmicos. A partir de uma análise de conteúdo aplicada sobre as respostas do roteiro, os principais resultados evidenciados são: tendência de uma crescente regionalização dos bancos brasileiros para a América Latina, associada a uma internacionalização para o continente africano; uma tendência de manutenção da concentração da indústria no País, com restritos espaços de atuação para bancos de pequeno e médio portes; possíveis disrupções na arena de competição devidas a novas tecnologias que impactam no modelo de negócios dos bancos, até de setores pouco relacionados à intermediação; consolidação do telefone celular como principal catalisador das transações bancárias e meios de pagamento. A consolidação das perspectivas registradas no painel Delphi não só confirmam os resultados supracitados, mas aponta que, nessa indústria, a governança, marca e reputação são os ativos intangíveis considerados os mais importantes para a competitividade dos bancos no futuro. Segue-se a eficiência em custos, esta possível não só por tecnologias de acesso pelo cliente, mas por uma extensiva revisão de processos nas operações e na gestão do relacionamento com o cliente. A pesquisa dá suporte a argumentos teóricos acerca da efemeridade de grupos estratégicos e contribui para a discussão e escolha de indicadores coerentes para a mensuração da vantagem competitiva em bancos comerciais. / This dissertation proposes the following research question: how will the competitive environment of commercial banks in Brazil be featured over the next ten years and what are the main strategies and resources that will enable them to compete in that time horizon? To answer it, it was established the overall objective of analyzing the main configuration variables of the competitive environment of commercial banks in Brazil and conceivable corresponding competitive strategies in that time horizon. The research approaches used were semi-structured interviews and a Delphi Panel with Thirteen experts from banking industry: executives, managers, analysts and academics. From a content analysis applied over responses, the main results are: tendency of a growing regionalization of Brazilian banks to Latin America, associated with an internationalization for the African continent; a tendency of enduring concentration of the industry in the country, with restricted operation gaps for small and medium banks; possible disruptions in the competitive arena due to the impact of new technologies on the prevailing banking business model, even from little brokering-related sectors; consolidation of the cell phone as the main catalyst of bank transactions and means of payment. The consolidation of the registered Delphi panel perspectives not only confirm the aforementioned results, but points out that, in this industry, governance, brand and reputation are intangible assets considered most important for the competitiveness of banks in the future. It follows cost efficiency, possible not only thanks to client-access technologies, but also to an extensive review of operations processes and customer relationship management. The research supports the theoretical arguments about the ephemerality of strategic groups and contributes to the discussion and choice of consistent indicators for the measurement of competitive advantage in commercial banks.

A presente pesquisa visou levantar dados que permitissem aprofundar o entendimento sobre as habilidades organizacionais de resolução de conflitos e sua relação com o consenso entre os gestores no processo decisório estratégico de organizações inseridas em ambientes organizacionais dinâmicos, complexos e não munificentes (DCM-). Desenvolveu-se, para tanto, um conjunto de hipóteses relacionando esses construtos, que foram testadas com dados sobre o processo decisório estratégico de organizações do segmento de Telefonia Fixa do setor de Telecomunicações da economia brasileira. Os dados foram coletados pela aplicação de 39 questionários em gestores selecionados, via amostragem aleatória simples, de uma população alvo de 55 gestores. As hipóteses foram testadas usando-se as técnicas estatísticas de análise de significância univariada e de análise de regressão bivariada e multivariada. Os resultados mostraram que as características do ambiente organizacional DCM- influenciam o desenvolvimento de competências organizacionais de resolução de conflitos nas organizações nele inseridas, gerando duas possíveis abordagens para a solução dos conflitos que emergem entre os gestores no processo decisório estratégico. Na primeira, os conflitos são resolvidos em conjunto pelas partes opositoras, a partir de uma postura cooperativa. Eventuais impasses são resolvidos por mediação e/ou por um terceiro com autoridade legítima, com base na cooperação das partes. Essa abordagem está associada com um maior nível de racionalidade e compreensão da decisão pelos gestores e com um maior nível de consenso no processo decisório estratégico. Além disso, vincula-se a menores níveis de atividade política e ao maior comprometimento dos gestores. Na segunda, os conflitos são resolvidos por atividades políticas e eventuais impasses por mediação. Essa abordagem vincula-se a um menor nível de comprometimento dos gestores. Esses resultados levam a duas implicações. A primeira é que as competências organizacionais de resolução de conflitos determinam padrões interativos recorrentes entre executivos que influenciam o processo decisório estratégico tanto quanto as características da decisão. Isso contrasta com abordagens anteriores que colocam as características da decisão como soberanas. A segunda é que a alta administração deve estar atenta ao balanceamento do uso das abordagens cooperativa e competitiva na resolução dos conflitos no processo decisório estratégico, de forma a dosar os níveis de atividade política, cooperação, inação, e consenso que se deseja manter na organização. / The present research aimed lifting data that could permit to deepen the comprehension about organizational abilities of conflict resolution and its relationship to the consensus among managers on the strategic decision-making process of organizations inserted in dynamic, complex and few-munificent organizational environments (DCM-). Thus, it was developed a set of hypotheses relating these constructs, that were tested with data about strategic decisionmaking processes of organizations from the Fixed-Voice segment of the Telecommunications industry of the Brazilian economy. Data were collected by applying 39 questionnaires to managers selected, via simple random sampling, from a target population of 55 managers. Hypotheses were tested using the statistical techniques of univariate significance analysis and of bivariate and multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that the characteristics of the DCM- organizational environment influence the development of conflict-resolution organizational competences in the organizations inserted in it, generating two possible approaches for solving conflicts that emerge among managers on the strategic decision? making process. In the first approach, opposite parties, upon a cooperative posture, solve conflicts jointly. Eventual impasses are solved by mediation and/or by a third party with legitimate authority, with cooperative support from parties. This approach is associated with a higher level of rationality and comprehension of the decision by managers and with a higher level of consensus among managers on the strategic decision-making process. Besides, it is bound to lower levels of political activity and higher commitment of managers. In the second approach, conflicts are solved via political activities and eventual impasses are solved by mediation. This approach is associated with a lower level of commitment of managers. These results lead to two implications. The first implication is that conflict-resolution organizational competences determine recurrent interactive patterns among executives that influence the decision-making process as much as the decision characteristics. This contrasts with previous approaches that argument that decision characteristics are sovereign. The second implication is that top management should be attempted to the tradeoff between the use of the cooperative and competitive approaches for conflict resolving, so that it be possible to dose the levels of political activity, cooperation, inaction and consensus that are desired in the organization.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do ambiente competitivo na solução de problemas de localização de instalações e desenho da cadeia desenvolvendo um modelo matemático que captasse simultaneamente muitos dos aspectos práticos que impactam no funcionamento da cadeia de suprimentos. A seleção destes aspectos foi baseada nos comentários e sugestões que autores desta linha de pesquisa propuseram para aprofundamento da literatura da área. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de programação linear inteira mista (PLIM) aplicando-o em um problema exemplo para avaliar a hipótese de que a configuração de menor custo da cadeia não necessariamente proporciona maior acessibilidade ao mercado e, em seguida, o mesmo modelo foi aplicado a um problema real, de maior porte, no setor de fertilizantes. / The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of a competitive environment in solving facility location and network design problems by developing a mathematical model that could capture several of the practical aspects that influence both decisions and operations of the supply chain. The selection of these aspects was based on the comments and suggestions proposed by several authors of this field of the literature. The mathematical program developed is based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and is firstly applied on an example problem to evaluate the hypothesis that the chain configuration that provides the lowest cost not necessarily also provides the greatest accessibility to the market. Afterwards, the same optimization model is applied to a larger real problem in the fertilizer industry.

Presented master's thesis titled Development of company's competitiveness concerns company Mitas a.s. in particular SBU VELO. Introduced proposals as a result of deep investigation and analysis are base for detailed SWOT analysis. These proposals were set in order to strengthen not only competitiveness of SBU VELO but also of company Mitas itself.

本研究從代理理論及現金政策觀點，探討家族企業與非家族企業在股利政策上之異同，並進一步分析市占率之影響。本研究就三個不同層面來分析家族特性對股利政策之影響，實證結果發現家族企業和非家族企業在現金股利、股票股利政策之選擇上，有所不同。相較於非家族企業，家族企業較不會發放、發放較少現金股利及股票股利，且較不會增加現金股利，且若家族企業市占率愈低時，較不會發放、發放較少、較不會增加現金股利及股票股利。 / We investigate whether there is any difference between family and non-family firms on dividend policy. Consistent with my predictions, the results indicate that family firms are generally different from non-family firms in both cash and stock dividend policies. We find that family firms are less likely to pay dividends and tend to pay less dividends. Also, family firms are less likely to increase cash dividends. These findings are more pronounced when family firms have less market share.

Tyrimo objektas yra UAB “Kamesta”. Darbe analizuojama įmonės gamybiniai techniniai pajėgumai, organizacinė valdymo struktūra, kokybės ir aplinkosaugos sistemų diegimas, rinkos galimybės, konkurencinė aplinka bei verslo plėtros strategija. Tyrimui naudota įvairi mokslinė literatūra, statistiniai duomenys, internetiniai šaltiniai bei UAB “Kamesta” asmeniniai dokumentai. Duomenys pateikiami ne tik teoriniu, bet ir grafiniu būdu. Darbe yra lentelių bei vaizdinės medžiagos. Atlikus literatūros analizę, pateikiami gauti tyrimo rezultatai, kuriuose atsispindi įmonės veiklos raida ir dabartis, turima technika ir pajėgumai bei valdymo struktūra. Remiantis šiais duomenimis, formuojama UAB “Kamesta” veiklos strategija. Analizuojama įmonės investicijų politika, kokybės bei aplinkosaugos sistemų diegimas. Toliau suformuojamos pagrindinės įmonės verslo kryptys, į kurias įmonė labiausiai yra orientuota. Remiantis gautais duomenimis, atliekama rinkos analizė, kurios tikslas yra nustatyti UAB “Kamesta” paslaugų poreikį visuomenėje ir pagrindinius jos užsakovus. O kur yra paklausa, ten visuomet yra ir konkurencija, todėl toliau atliekama konkurencinės aplinkos analizė, įvardijant pagrindinius įmonės konkurentus, jų tikslus, siekius bei galimybes. Išanalizavus visas įmonės grandis, visi duomenys sutraukiami į kelis pagrindinius rodiklius, kurie atspindi įmonės finansinę būklę. Kitaip tariant, atliekama įmonės finansinė analizė, kurios metu palyginami pelningų 2007 m. rezultatai su praėjusių 20... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / An object of a research is UAB “Kamesta”. In this work industrial technical capacities, organizing management structure and environment protection systems installation, market opportunities, competitive environment and business development strategy of a company there are analysed. Various scientific literature, statistic data, internet sources and personal documents of the UAB “Kamesta” there were used for this research. The data is presented not only in theoretical method, also graphic. There are also tables and images presented in this work. When analysed the literature, the obtained results of the research are presented. The development and the present of a company, its owned technology, capacity and management structure are reflected in the results of a research. The activity strategy UAB “Kamesta” is based on this data. Company’s investments politics, quality and environment protection systems installation there are analysed. Further, the main company’s business directions into which the company is orientated are formed. Referine to the received data, the market analysis is performed. The purpose of the analysis is to establish the requirement of services and the main customers of UAB “Kamesta”. Where there is a demand, the competition also exist, therefore, the analysis of the competitive environment has been carried out by identifying the main company’s competitors, their goals, aspirations and possibilities. When analysed all the links of the company, all the data... [to full text]