L’action publique pour stimuler le développement économique des territoires vise de plusen plus à favoriser l’innovation et l’économie de la connaissance, perçues toutes deux commeles conditions nécessaires au développement de la compétitivité, à la fois des entreprises etdes territoires. Cette thèse porte sur une politique française engagée dans ce référentiel dela compétitivité en 2004 : la politique des pôles de compétitivité.Cette dernière, inscrite au confluent des politiques industrielles et d’aménagement, apour objectif de stimuler des comportements innovants et collaboratifs entre les milieux del’économie, de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche d’un même territoire à travers laconstitution de « pôles de compétitivité ». Nous nous intéressons à un aspect encore peuétudié de ces pôles de compétitivité : leur impact dans la gouvernance territoriale. En effet,nous montrons, à partir d’une analyse comparée entre six études de cas du sud-ouest, queles pôles apparaissent comme des structures d’intermédiation, favorisant certes l’action collaborativeentre des acteurs économiques et scientifiques d’un même territoire, mais aussi etsurtout entre des acteurs politico-administratifs jusque-là peu habitués à travailler ensemble.En cela, la politique des pôles renouvelle les modes de gestion publique territoriale. Deuxaspects sont alors développés au cours de la thèse : d’une part la manière dont l’État conçoitles pôles de compétitivité comme des nouveaux espaces renouvelant les interactions entre lesacteurs économiques et politico-administratifs (de différents secteurs et différents niveaux) ;et d’autre part, la manière dont ces pôles émergent et se consolident comme des entités à partentière ayant un fonctionnement propre et un rôle à jouer dans la gouvernance territoriale.Le cas des pôles de compétitivité nous permet ainsi de revenir sur la notion de territoire,qui ne coïncide plus avec la définition d’une circonscription. En mobilisant les travaux deClaude Raffestin, nous considérons les pôles comme des territoires discontinus, organisés enréseau, développant des fonctionnements propre à chacun « dans la recherche de la plusgrande autonomie possible compte tenu des ressources du système » / The public action(share) to stimulate the economic development of territories aims more and more at favoring the innovation and the economy of the knowledge, perceived(collected) both as the conditions necessary for the development of the competitiveness, at the same time the companies and the territories. This thesis(theory) concerns a French politics(policy) committed(hired) in this reference table of the competitiveness in 2004: the politics(policy) of the poles of competitiveness. The latter, registered on the confluence of industrial policies and arrangement(development), has for objective to stimulate innovative and collaborative behavior between the circles of the economy, the higher education and the search(research) for the same territory through the constitution of " poles of competitiveness ". We are interested in an aspect still little studied by these poles of competitiveness: their impact in the territorial governance. Indeed, we show, from an analysis compared between six case studies of the southwest, that the poles appear as structures of intermediation, favoring certainly the collaborative action between economic and scientific players of the same territory, but also and especially between politico-administrative actors up to there been little used to work together. In that respect, the politics of the poles renews the modes of territorial public management. Two aspects are then developed during the thesis(theory): on one hand the way the State conceives(designs) the poles of competitiveness as new spaces renewing the interactions between the economic and politico-administrative players (of various sectors and various levels); and on the other hand, the way these poles emerge and strengthen as full entities having a clean(appropriate) functioning and a role to play in the territorial governance. The case of the poles of competitiveness so allows us to return on the notion of territory, which does not coincide any more with the definition of a district. By mobilizing Claude Raffestin's works, we consider the poles as intermittent territories, organized in network, developing functionings appropriate(peculiar) to each " in the search(research) for the biggest possible autonomy considering the resources of the system "

No description available.

The aim of this dissertation is to propose measures that will strengthen the competitiveness of VBC CZECH, s.r.o. company providing telecommunications services. At first the company itself is analyzed, and then the external and internal environment of a company. On the basics of results, the measures are being suggested, that should increase business competitiveness and strengthen its position in the market for telecommunications services.

La crainte d'une perte de compétitivité industrielle est au cœur des débats sur de nouvelles politiques énergétiques et environnementales. Cette thèse étudie les effets d'une asymétrie des prix de l'énergie et des régulations environnementales entre pays sur la compétitivité de l'industrie manufacturière en Europe et dans le Monde. Dans un premier temps, les principaux déterminants de la compétitivité de deux industries grandes consommatrices d'énergie, la sidérurgie et l'industrie du papier, sont identifiés par des méthodes économétriques. Le rôle de l'énergie est ensuite quantifié et pondéré par rapport à ces déterminants. Notamment, l'évolution des exportations et de la production d'une industrie nationale ainsi que les changements de capacité des sites de production sont analysés. Dans un second temps, une hausse des prix de l'énergie, ou l'instauration d'une contrainte environnementale, n'affecte pas uniquement les secteurs grands consommateurs d'énergie mais aussi les industries en aval de la chaîne de production industrielle. L'échelle de l'étude est alors étendue à toute l'industrie manufacturière sur un périmètre mondial. L'objectif est d'appréhender les interdépendances énergétiques des secteurs industriels, en incluant les différences nationales et sectorielles, au travers d'une étude matricielle sur les tableaux entrées-sorties. La dépendance de l'industrie aux prix de l'énergie, et donc sa compétitivité, n'est pas seulement un enjeu national, mais une problématique européenne, voire mondiale. / A loss of industrial competitiveness is a major concern for energy and environmental policy design. This thesis studies the impacts of energy prices and environmental regulation asymmetries among countries on the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry in Europe and in the World. First, main factors of competitiveness in two energy-intensive industries, steel and paper sectors, are identified with econometric methods. The role of energy is then quantified and weighted relatively to these other factors. In particular, the evolution of exports and production for a national industry, as well as changes in production capacities of a factory, are analysed. Secondly, high energy prices, or a new environmental regulation, do not impact only energy-intensive industries but also downstream manufacturing sectors. The scale of the research is therefore extended to the whole manufacturing industry on a global scope. The objective is to grasp energy interdependencies between industrial sectors all along the production chain, including national differences in energy use. The study is based on a matrix calculation method using Input-Output tables. Energy dependence of national industries is not only a domestic issue, but also an international one.

Weeds consist of the main type of direct interference with annual crops and are responsible for yield reduction. In this context , the objective of this research was to investigate the competitive ability of wheat cultivars with Italian ryegrass and radish weed plants. There were conducted works in the laboratory, field and in the greenhouse in 2012 and 2013. The article I includes laboratory and greenhouse experiments, where were evaluated the physiological quality of seeds of wheat cultivars and the effect of competition with weeds on germination and vigor of seeds, besides the maximum expression of their plant characteristics. In the article II there were evaluated coexistence among wheat cultivars BRS Guamirim, BRS 296, Fundacep Cristalino and Fundacep Raízes and Italian ryegrass and radish weeds. The articles III and IV show experiments developed in greenhouse, being the article III about to wheat ability in to compete with Italian ryegrass and radish weeds in a replacement series arrangement In the article IV is simulated the initial competition for light and the effects on the morphology of wheat plants, Italian ryegrass and radish. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the cultivar Fundacep Cristalino has the ability to maintain vigor of seeds when in competition throughout the cycle, besides to show morphological characteristics (plant height, leaf area, dry weight matter and high initial vigor), which confers superior competitive ability with weeds. The coexistence through the cycle with Italian ryegrass do not affect the yield of BRS Guamirim, BRS 296 , Fundacep Cristalino and Fundacep Raízes, however, the coexistence with radish affects significantly the PBA, ICA and yield components.Undependable of the competitor species, there are morphological alterations in the plants resulting from the initial competition for light. / As plantas daninhas consistem no principal tipo de interferência direta sobre os cultivos anuais e são responsáveis pela redução do rendimento de grãos. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho de pesquisa foi investigar a habilidade competitiva de cultivares de trigo com as plantas daninhas de azevém e nabo. Foram realizados trabalhos em laboratório, em nível de campo e em casa de vegetação em 2012 e 2013. O artigo I contempla os trabalhos em laboratório e casa de vegetação, onde foi avaliada a qualidade fisiológica das sementes das cultivares de trigo e o efeito da competição com plantas daninhas sobre a germinação e o vigor de sementes, além da máxima expressão de suas características de planta. No artigo II, avaliou-se a convivência entre as cultivares de trigo BRS Guamirim, BRS 296, Fundacep Cristalino e Fundacep Raízes com as plantas daninhas de azevém e nabo em condição de campo. Os artigos III e IV abordam os trabalhos desenvolvidos em casa de vegetação, sendo o artigo III relativo à habilidade do trigo em competir com as plantas daninhas em esquema de série de substituição. No artigo IV, é simulada a competição inicial por radiação luminosa e os seus efeitos sobre características morfológicos de plantas de trigo, azevém e nabo. É possível concluir que a cultivar Fundacep Cristalino possui a habilidade de manter o vigor de sementes quando mantida em competição por todo o ciclo, além de apresentar características morfológicas (estatura, área foliar, massa seca e vigor inicial elevados), as quais lhe conferem maior habilidade competitiva com as plantas daninhas. A convivência durante todo o ciclo com o azevém, não afeta o rendimento de BRS Guamirim, BRS 296, Fundacep Cristalino e Fundacep Raízes, no entanto, a presença de nabo afeta significativamente a PBA, ICA e os componentes de rendimento. Independente da espécie competidora ocorrem alterações morfológicas nas plantas decorrentes da competição inicial por radiação luminosa.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study had as aims to identify the determinants of competitiveness of the production chain of sheep of the Rio Grande do Sul, with a focus on production and processing segments. To evaluate the performance of the determinants of competitiveness was adopted as drivers the institutional environment, technology, market structure, the governance structure and coordination, the firm's management and inputs and infrastructure. Each driver was divided into indicators, which in turn, were classified according to their degree of control. Drivers and indicators were given a weight according to their representative for the competitive performance of the chain. Considering these weights and a field research on the type rapid appraisal, it became possible to quantitatively evaluation the drivers and indicators of competitiveness. Qualitative analysis was obtained by the position of the value of the final evaluation on a Likert scale, offering to characterize the competitive performance evaluation options: very unfavorable (MD), unfavorable (D), neutral (N), favorable (F) and very favorable (MF). The analysis of the competitive performance of the production chain of meat sheep of Rio Grande do Sul was formalized with the method described above and a field research with key players in the segment production and processing. The present study revealed that most of the drivers of competitiveness listed are favorable to the thread processing. In the segment production was found a more balanced distribution between drivers unfavorable, neutral and positive. Allowing to conclude that this segment, the main determinants of competitive performance are technology and governance structures and coordination. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os determinantes da competitividade da cadeia produtiva de carne ovina do Rio Grande do Sul, com foco nos segmentos produção e processamento. Para avaliar o desempenho dos determinantes da competitividade adotou-se como direcionadores o ambiente institucional, a tecnologia, a estrutura de mercado, a estrutura de governança e coordenação, a gestão da firma e insumos e infraestrutura. Cada direcionador foi então dividido em indicadores, que por sua vez, foram classificados quanto ao seu grau de controle. Direcionadores e indicadores receberam um peso conforme sua representatividade para o desempenho competitivo da cadeia. Considerando estes pesos e a pesquisa de campo do tipo rapid appraisal, tornou-se possível uma avaliação quantitativa dos direcionadores e indicadores de competitividade. A avaliação qualitativa foi obtida pela posição do valor da avaliação final em uma escala do tipo likert, que oferece para caracterizar o desempenho competitivo as opções de avaliação: muito desfavorável (MD), desfavorável (D), neutro (N), favorável (F) e muito favorável (MF). A análise do desempenho competitivo da cadeia produtiva de carne ovina do Rio Grande do Sul formalizou-se com a aplicação do método descrito acima e da pesquisa de campo com os principais agentes do segmento produção e do segmento processamento. O presente estudo revelou que a maioria dos direcionadores de competitividade elencados são favoráveis para o segmento processamento. Já no segmento produção há uma distribuição mais equilibrada entre direcionadores desfavoráveis, neutros e favoráveis. Permitindo concluir que, neste segmento, os principais determinantes do desempenho competitivo são tecnologia e estruturas de governança e coordenação.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The growing technological evolution and the changes in the competitive environment make the organizations, as organisms composed by material, financial and human resources, need to break some old paradigms and start the growth, adopting new strategies for the management of its activities in changeable markets. Among these strategies, it s found the Supply Chain Management (SCM), as a new intra and inter-organizational management philosophy. For so, it was tried to establish concepts, related to logistics and the SCM, emphasizing their characteristics, seeking to identify them in the agro-industrial sector of self-propelling agricultural machines, with the purpose of optimizing the results throughout the supply chain. In this context, this present paper verified the accordance of the logistics of two agricultural machines manufactory organizations, of Rio Grande do Sul, with the SCM characteristics, evidencing the integrating character provided by the increase of competitiveness, analyzing the different logistics operations effectuated by the companies, as well as the characteristics of logistics and SCM of the organizations. The exploratory research had, as data collection instrument, questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and in loco observations. The data interpretation was done by means of descriptive analysis, and the SCM model was adopted, subdividing the research questions in five subgroups materials, net of suppliers and distributors, integrations among the several areas of the company, information, and knowledge and consume net. As a result of this study, it was possible to analyze that Agco, a multinational enterprise, leader in this industry sector, has an accordance degree, with the SCM characteristics, higher than Agrale, enterprise pertaining to a familiar group, having less expressive participation in the market. It was noticed, furthermore, that the smaller the volume of production is, the closer the company is of the consumer group, and the bigger the volume of production, the closer the company is to optimizing in the group of information and knowledge. / A crescente evolução tecnológica e as mudanças no ambiente competitivo fazem com que as organizações, na condição de organismos compostos por recursos materiais, financeiros e humanos, precisem romper antigos paradigmas e alavancar o crescimento, adotando novas estratégias para gerenciamento de suas atividades em mercados voláteis. Entre essas estratégias, encontra-se a Supply Chain Management (Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos SCM), como uma nova filosofia de gestão intra e interorganizacional. Para tanto, buscou-se fundamentar conceitos, relacionados à logística e a SCM, enfatizando as características dos mesmos, buscando identificá-las no setor agroindustrial de máquinas automotrizes, com o intuito de otimizar os resultados ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo verificou a conformidade da logística de duas organizações manufatureiras de máquinas agrícolas, do Rio Grande do Sul, com as características da SCM, evidenciando o caráter integrador proporcionado pelo aumento da competitividade, analisando as diferentes operações logísticas efetuadas pelas empresas, bem como as características da logística e da SCM das organizações. A pesquisa exploratória teve, como instrumentos de coleta de dados, questionários, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observações in loco. A interpretação dos dados deu-se por meio da análise descritiva, sendo que foi adaptado o modelo de SCM, subdividindo as questões da pesquisa em cinco subgrupos - materiais, rede de fornecedores e distribuidores, integração entre as diversas áreas da empresa, rede de informação e conhecimento e consumidores finais. Como resultado deste estudo, foi possível verificar que a Agco, empresa multinacional, líder de mercado no segmento, possui grau de conformidade maior com as características da SCM que a Agrale, empresa pertencente a um grupo familiar, possuindo, esta, uma participação de mercado menos expressiva. Percebeu-se, ainda, que quanto menor o volume de produção mais próxima a empresa está do grupo de consumidores, e quanto maior o volume de produção mais próxima a empresa encontra-se da otimização no grupo de informação e conhecimento.

The purpose aims identify the needs of customers in the furniture sector, of providing subsidies of theoretical order and practical for the aggregation of value on the using design in production in order to break paradigms business. In addition to presenting the design management and quality as a competitive differential for small and medium enterprises in this sector. The design has not been properly stimulated in most of these companies, by the fact that its benefits are not being properly evaluated. The absence of design professionals from these companies is a great challenge, because it involves changes in the paradigms that in turn relates to the acceptance of design as a differentiator factor. Was described the furniture industry for the theoretical foundation study, emphasizing its main characteristics, as well as the origin and evolution of the management of design and quality. How methodology used the qualitative and quantitative research. The field search was conducted through of the semi-structured interviews with the managers of MEP's. Was selected three companies that are part of the Santa Maria furniture core (NUMOV/SM). It was used questionnaire to seek the views of consumers on the importance of the use of design as differential factor. For consumers, the research was conducted through the questionnaire applied in the four districts with the greatest significance of purchases, according to the opinion of managers. The total population of these districts is 66,113 people. On this population was used a stratified sample valid of 385 questionnaires applied, representing a significance level of 5%.The small and medium enterprises in Santa Maria furniture sector recognize the importance of using the design as a competitive factor, however, encounter themselves on the paradigm that design increases production costs. The data presented in this study reinforce the need for companies using the design management and quality. Thus, the strategy of design in this sector, generates innovation and consequently the credibility of the company on the market. / Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar as necessidades dos clientes do setor moveleiro, com a finalidade de fornecer subsídios de ordem teórica e prática para agregar valor mediante o uso do design na produção, com o intuito de quebrar paradigmas empresariais. Além de apresentar a gestão de design e da qualidade como diferencial competitivo para micro e pequenas empresas (MPE s) nesse setor. O design não tem sido devidamente estimulado na maioria dessas empresas, pelo fato de que seus benefícios ainda não estão sendo corretamente avaliados. A carência de profissionais do design nessas empresas é um grande desafio, pois envolve mudanças de paradigmas que a priori, diz respeito à aceitação do design como fator diferenciador. Para o embasamento teórico do estudo contextualizou-se a indústria moveleira, enfatizando suas principais características, assim como também, a origem e evolução da gestão de design e qualidade. Como metodologia utilizou-se a pesquisa quali-quantitativa.O trabalho de campo foi realizado por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os gestores das MPE s. Foram selecionadas três empresas que fazem parte do Núcleo Moveleiro de Santa Maria (NUMOV/SM). Utilizou-se na pesquisa um questionário para buscar a opinião do consumidor a respeito da importância do uso do design como fator diferencial. Para os consumidores, a pesquisa foi realizada através de um questionário aplicado nos quatro bairros com maior significância de compras, conforme a opinião dos gestores. A população total dos referidos bairros é de 66.113 pessoas. Desta população utilizou-se uma amostra estratificada válida de 385 questionários aplicados, representando um nível de significância de 5%. As MPE s do setor moveleiro de Santa Maria/RS reconhecem a importância da utilização o design como fator competitivo, porém, esbarram no paradigma de que o design onera os custos de produção. Os dados apresentados nesta pesquisa reforçam a necessidade das empresas utilizarem à gestão de design e da qualidade. Assim, a estratégia de design, nesse setor, gera inovação e consequentemente a credibilidade da empresa perante o mercado.

Evaluating the associated commitment to their cooperative society, seeking organization invigoration in the market is the theme of this Case Study (Multicase), having a descriptive and quantitative approach. It was looked for answers to suggest administrative actions to be used by the cooperative system in São Gabriel city -RS, seeking to increase the participation and the link between its members and the cooperative. The objectives of the present work seek, besides evaluating the associated commitment, investigate if: the member negociates with other companies; which reasons him to participate in the cooperative; what stimulates or discourages him to participate in the cooperative company and to investigate how the system credibility is under the member point-of-view. In the search for data questionnaires were applied to the members of three cooperatives in São Gabriel city -RS, being the content of the collected data analyzed through statistical programs for evaluation and conclusions presented later, generating alternative suggestions to make possible the cooperative system invigoration. Concluding the work, it was noticed that the accociated commitment is inferior to the necessary to mantain the cooperative competitive / Avaliar o comprometimento dos associados, com sua empresa cooperativa, visando o fortalecimento da organização, no mercado, é o Estudo de Caso (Multicaso), descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa que apresentamos. Buscou-se respostas que pudessem sugerir ações administrativas, a serem utilizadas pelas organizações cooperativas da cidade de São Gabriel-RS, visando aumentar a participação e o vínculo entre cooperados e a empresa cooperativa. Os objetivos, do presente trabalho, visam, além de avaliar o comprometimento do cooperado, investigar se: o cooperado transaciona com outras empresas; quais os motivos que o levam a participar da cooperativa; o que o estimula, ou desestimula, a participar da sua empresa cooperativa e investigar como está a credibilidade, do sistema cooperativo, sob a ótica dos cooperados. Na busca de dados, foram aplicados questionários, junto aos associados de três cooperativas de São Gabriel-RS, sendo o conteúdo, dos dados coletados, analisados através de programas estatísticos, para avaliação e conclusões posteriormente apresentadas, gerando sugestões alternativas, que possibilitem o fortalecimento do sistema cooperativo. Ao concluir o trabalho, percebeu-se que o comprometimento do cooperado é inferior ao necessário para que a cooperativa se mantenha competitiva

The thesis deals with the situation in public transport on public personal transport service between Prague and Brno. In the thesis, it is analysed the current situation between Prague – Brno from the technical and economic point of view. There is a public rail transport subsidized by Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic through payment of provable financial losses and private public coach services operated by private carriers on their own business risk. In the context of the current situation, the thesis suggests the focus of the basic parameters for a balanced assessment of the competitive environment for further development of passenger transport (rail, road) with regard to the existing demand and socio-economic aspects in the region.