The primary goal of the American football helmet has been protection of players against skull fractures and other traumatic brain injuries (TBI) [Cantu 2003, Benson 2009]. TBI can result from short, high magnitude linear impact events typical of when the head impacts a hard surface [Gilcrhist 2003, Doorly 2007]. The modern helmet, which has evolved and become well designed to mitigate TBI injuries, does not offer sufficient protection against injury such as concussion, and the incident rate remains high in sport [Broglio 2009, Rowson 2012]. Researchers speculate rotation of the head leads to shear strain on the brain tissue, which may be the underlying mechanism of injury leading to concussive type injuries [Gennarelli 1971, Ommaya 1974, Gennarelli 1982, Prange 2002, Gilcrhist 2003, Aare 2003, Zhang 2004, Takhounts 2008, Greenwald 2008, Meaney 2011]. This has led researchers to investigate new liner materials and technologies to improve helmet performance and include concussive injury risk protection by attempting to address rotational acceleration of the brain [Mills 2003, Benson 2009, Caserta 2011, Caccese 2013]. To improve current football helmet designs, technology must be shown to reduce the motion of the brain, resulting in lower magnitudes of dynamic response thus reducing maximum principal strain and the corresponding risk of injury [Margulies 1992, Zhang 2004, Mills 2003, Kleiven 2007, Yoganandan 2008 Caserta 2011, McAllister 2012, Caccese 2013, Post 2013, Fowler 2015, Post 2015a/b]. Recent research has studied the use of decoupling liner systems in addition to the existing liner technology, to address resultant rotational acceleration. However, none of this previous work has evaluated the results in terms of the relationship between brain motion, tissue strain, and injury risk reduction. This thesis hypothesises the use of decoupling strategies to reduce the dominant coordinate component of acceleration in order to decrease maximum principal strain values. The dominant component of acceleration, defined as the coordinate component with the highest contribution to the resultant acceleration for each impact, is a targetable design parameter for helmet innovation. The objective of this thesis was to demonstrate the effect liner strategies to reduce the dominant component of rotational acceleration to decrease maximum principal strain in American football helmets.

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta um ambiente integrado para o estudo de figuras articuladas sobre efeito de carregamentos dinâmicos. É apresentado um sistema de animação por computador que busca o realismo do movimento a partir da análise dinâmica. Três aspectos são abordados: o Método dos Elementos Componentes para descrever os efeitos de carregamentos sobre as partes dos corpos articulados, o Método de Aproximação por Diferenças Gráfica como um meio de representar, através de imagens realistas, os efeitos de movimento das figuras articuladas sobre carregamentos dinâmicos. / [en] This work presents an integrated environment to the study of articulated bodies under dynamic efforts. It is present a Computer Animation System which tries to realistically represent the movement by means of dynamic analysis. This work comprises three aspects: The Component Element Method to describe the parts of articulated bodies, The Finite Differebce Approximation, to analyze the behavior of each element and Computer Graphics as means to represent, through realistic imagens, the effects of dynamic loads under the articulated bodies.

There has been an increased focus in recent years on the development of re-usable software, in the form of objects and software components. This increase, together with pressures from enterprises conducting transactions on the Web to support all business interactions on all scales, has encouraged research towards the development of easily reconfigurable and highly adaptable Web services. This work investigates the ability of Component-Based Software Development (CBSD) to produce such systems, and proposes a more manageable use of CBSD methodologies. Component-Driven Software Development (CDSD) is introduced to enable better component manageability. Current Web service technologies are also examined to determine their ability to support extensible Web services, and a dynamic Web service architecture is proposed. The work also describes the development of two proof-of-concept systems, DREW Chat and Hamilton Bank. DREW Chat and Hamilton Bank are implementations of Web services that support extension dynamically and at run-time. DREW Chat is implemented on the client side, where the user is given the ability to change the client as required. Hamilton Bank is a server-side implementation, which is run-time customisable by both the user and the party offering the service. In each case, a generic architecture is produced to support dynamic Web services. These architectures are combined to produce CREWS, a Component-driven Runtime Extensible Web Service solution that enables Web services to support the ever changing needs of enterprises. A discussion of similar work is presented, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of our architecture when compared to other solutions.

La simulation informatique est un outil incontournable dans les sciences expérimentales. La puissance de calcul croissante des ordinateurs associée au parallélisme et aux avancées dans la modélisation mathématique des phénomènes physiques permet de réaliser virtuellement des expériences de plus en plus complexes. De plus, l'émergence de la programmation GPU a considérablement accru la qualité et la rapidité de l'affichage. Ceci a permis de démocratiser la visualisation sous forme graphique des résultats de simulation. La visualisation scientifique peut être passive : l'utilisateur peut suivre l'évolution de la simulation ou bien observer ses résultats après que le calcul soit terminé. Elle peut aussi être interactive lorsque le chercheur peut agir sur la simulation alors qu'elle se déroule. Créer de telles applications complexes n'est cependant pas à la portée de tout scientifique non informaticien. La programmation par composants est, depuis des années, mise en avant comme une solution à ce problème. Elle consiste à construire des applications en interconnectant des programmes exécutant des tâches élémentaires. Ce mémoire présente un modèle de composants et une méthode de composition d'applications de visualisation scientifique interactive. Elle s'intéresse, en particulier, à la conciliation de deux contraintes majeures dans la coordination de ces applications : la performance et la cohérence. / Computer simulation is an essential tool in experimental sciences. The increasing computing power, parallelism and the advances in the mathematical modeling of physical phenomena allow to virtually run always more complex experiments. In addition, the rise of GPU programming has greatly increased the quality and performance of display. This has allowed to spread the graphical visualization of simulation results. Scientific visualization can be passive: the user can only follow the simulation's progress or observe its results when it is done. It can also be interactive in which case the researcher can act on the simulation while it is running. Creating such complex applications can, however, be tedious for non-computer-scientists. Component-based development is, for years, highlighted as a solution to this problem. It consists in building applications by interconnecting small programs completing elementary tasks. This thesis presents a component model and a method for composing interactive scientific visualization applications. It particularly focuses on the balance between two major constraints of these applications: performance and coherence.

O gênero Mikania (Asteraceae, tribo Eupatorieae) apresenta aproximadamente 450 espécies, muitas delas especialmente importantes por seu uso em medicina tradicional. Para a análise quimiotaxonômica, um banco de dados acerca da composição micromolecular de Mikania foi criado. Foram elaboradas análises de agrupamento e de componentes principais, bem como o cálculo de parâmetros evolutivos usados em quimiotaxonomia. O perfil químico e a análise estatística multivariada demonstraram que diterpenóides, lactonas sesquiterpenoídicas e cumarinas são os marcadores químicos mais importantes para este gênero. A presença de dicotomia entre a produção de lactonas sesquiterpenoídicas e diterpenóides não foi estritamente confirmada para o gênero, embora esteja claro que a produção de um interfere negativamente na do outro. As relações SH/(AC+IPP) e FV/FL foram compatíveis com o posicionamento de Mikania na família Asteraceae. As análises de componentes principais (PCA) e de agrupamento forneceram informações que correlacionam caracteres morfológicos e geográficos com dados químicos. As espécies distribuídas predominantemente no Brasil são consideradas muito mais ricas em diterpenos do tipo kaurano, assim como tendem a apresentar inflorescências tirsóides. Por outro lado, espécies não-brasileiras tendem a acumular lactonas sesquiterpenoídicas e apresentar preferencialmente inflorescências do tipo corimbosa. / The genus Mikania (Asteraceae, tribe Eupatorieae) encompasses around 450 species, many of which especially important due to their use in folk medicine. A database of the micromolecular composition of Mikania was generated for a chemotaxonomic analysis. Clustering and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were performed, as well the calculation of evolutive parameters used in chemotaxonomy. The chemical profile and the statistical multivariate analysis demonstrated that diterpenes, sesquiterpene lactones and coumarins are the most important chemical markers in this genus. The presence of dicotomy between the production of sesquiterpene lactones and diterpenes was not strictly confirmed for the genus, although it is clear that the production of one interferes negatively with the other. The SH/(AC+IPP) and FV/FL ratios are compatible with the positioning of Mikania in the Asteraceae family. The PCA and clustering analysis provided information correlating morphological characters and geographical patterns with chemical data. The species distributed predominantly in Brazil are considered very rich in kaurane diterpenes quite prone to present thyrsoid inflorescences. In contrast, non-Brazilian species trend to accumulate mostly sesquiterpene lactones, preferentially presenting the corymbose inflorescence type.

Onchocerciasis is a blindness-causing disease caused by a nematode called Onchocerca volvulus that is transmitted by Simulium blackflies. The disease is a major epidemiological problem among rural communities living in close proximity to rivers in some population in Sub-Saharan Africa. Recent studies identified Ghana to be a treat of recrudescence of onchocerciasis in neighboring countries. This thesis applies spatial models, predicts, and assesses population at risk of onchocerciasis in Ghana. It also evaluates the disease endemicity in Burundi in order to test the models applied in Ghana. Onchocerciasis prevalence data spanning a period of 2004 (Ghana) and 1985-1992 (Burundi) were integrated together with biophysical variables in a GIS. Next, modeling of the spatial risk of onchocerciasis was based on the principal component analysis (PCA) regression models. The final predictive spatial models represent the risk of the disease. The spatial models showed potential biogeographic zones and epidemiological patterns of onchocerciasis in relation to village settlements that are at risk. Also, the risk of onchocerciasis increased with the proximity to the rivers. The estimated population at risk in Ghana in 2010 was 5,211,808 people (or 21.36% of the total population) and 235,032 people in Burundi (or 2.8% of the total population). Findings from this study can help in the effective design of preventive control measures of the risk of recrudescence of the disease and safeguard the achievements of the OCP and APOC programs.

Este trabalho investiga a possibilidade de reconstruir a variabilidade da precipitação pretérita na América do Sul a partir de uma série temporal de razão isotópica de oxigênio (δ18O) em um testemunho de gelo obtido na Bolívia, para isso é analisado as relações espaço-temporais entre a precipitação sobre a América do Sul e a série do δ18O. Utilizou-se dados do δ18O dos primeiros 50 metros do testemunho de gelo do Nevado Illimani (6.350 m, 16º37’S, 67º46’W) e totais mensais da precipitação coletada em 890 estações meteorológicas sobre o continente sul-americano no período 1979–2008. As amostras da precipitação foram dispostas em uma grade equiespaçada com resolução de ~2º de latitude e longitude. A variabilidade espacial e temporal da precipitação foram analisadas pela Análise das Componentes Principais no Modo T e S, respectivamente, com a identificação dos principais Padrões Espaciais Anômalos (PEA) e das zonas espaciais em que a variação temporal das anomalias da precipitação é correlacionada. No núcleo de cada zona foi selecionada uma série temporal anômala da precipitação para comparar com a série do δ18O. Constatou-se que há 12 PEA da precipitação e que são originários, predominantemente, da variação na temperatura superficial dos oceanos Pacífico Equatorial e Atlântico Tropical Norte e 8 zonas espaciais em que a variação da precipitação é parcialmente homogênea. Analisando características dos PEA da precipitação com a variação do δ18O constata-se que os registros de máximo (mínimo) fracionamento isotópico no verão estão relacionados à seca (chuvas acima da média) na Amazônia ou no nordeste brasileiro. Já no inverno, os registros de máximo (mínimo) fracionamento isotópico estão relacionados a secas (chuvas acima da média no litoral) na região tropical e chuvas acima da média (secas) na região extratropical. O índice de correlação entre todas séries de precipitação com a série do δ18O mostrou que a variação sincronizada das variáveis altera-se sazonalmente em função da migração espacial dos mecanismos de transporte e convergência da umidade. A comparação das séries de precipitação das 8 zonas com o δ18O possibilitou identificar possíveis áreas para a reconstrução paleoclimática. Nas regiões equatorial e subtropical foi testado a reconstrução. Nessas áreas, os fatores que controlam as duas variáveis são os mesmos, predominando os oceanos Pacífico Equatorial e Atlântico Norte nas alterações das séries temporais com frequência entre 24 e 60 meses. Para reconstrução da variabilidade da precipitação pretérita a partir da variação do δ18O foram testada duas técnicas, uma utilizando a análise de dependência por regressão e outra pela adoção de PEA para casos específicos da variação do δ18O. A primeira técnica não gerou resultados satisfatórios, por isso não foi usada. Com a segunda técnica foi possível identificar com 80% de chance de acerto as secas na Amazônia, no nordeste brasileiro e na região subtropical e com 68% de chance de acerto as chuvas acima da média na região subtropical, quando a avaliação não considera a magnitude das anomalias da precipitação. Por outro lado, a técnica é limitada, porque os PEAs adotados como referência não representam a grande variabilidade da precipitação nessas regiões. / This thesis investigates the possibility of reconstructing the South American past precipitation variability based on an oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) time series from a Bolivian ice core, for this we analysed the spatial-temporal relations between these two variables. We used δ18O data from the upper 50 meters of Nevado Illimani ice core (6,350 m, 16°37'S, 67°46'W) and monthly total precipitation collected at 890 weather stations in South America in the period 1979–2008. Precipitation samples were arranged in an equally spaced grid with a ~2° latitude and longitude. The precipitation temporal and spatial variability were analysed by Principal Component Analysis on Mode S and T, respectively, with the identification of the main Anomalous Spatial Patterns (ASP) and spatial zones in which temporal rainfall anomalies variations are correlated. At each zone core, we selected one anomalous precipitation time series to compare with the δ18O series. There are 12 precipitations ASP that originate predominantly from surface temperature variations in the equatorial Pacific and tropical North Atlantic oceans, and 8 spatial zones in which the precipitation variation is partially homogeneous. Analysing the precipitation ASP characteristics with the δ18O variation, it is observed that records of maximum (minimum) isotopic fractionation in summer are related to droughts (above average precipitations) in the Amazon and northeastern Brazil. In the winter, records of maximum (minimum) isotopic fractionation are related to droughts (above average rainfall in the coastal area) in the tropical region and above average rainfall (droughts) in the extratropical region. The correlation index among all series of precipitation with δ18O series showed that these variables synchronized variation alters seasonally depending on the transport mechanisms spatial migration and on the moisture convergence. The comparison of the 8 precipitation zones with the δ18O series enabled us to identify possible areas for paleoclimatic reconstruction, which are the equatorial and subtropical regions. In these areas, the factors controlling the two variables are the same, prevailing the equatorial Pacific and the North Atlantic changes in time series with frequency from 24 to 60 months. To reconstruct the precipitation variability from the past δ18O variation we tested two techniques, one using dependency analysis for regression and other adopting ASP for specific cases of δ18O variations. The first technique yielded no satisfactory results, so it was disregarded. Using the second technique, it was possible to identify droughts in Amazonia, the Brazilian northeast and in the subtropical region with 80% changes of success. Above the average rainfalls in the subtropical region are identify with 68% changes of success, if this assessment does not consider the magnitude of the precipitation anomalies. On the other hand, the technique has limitations because the ASPs adopted as reference do not represent the wide precipitation variability in these regions.

O gênero Mikania (Asteraceae, tribo Eupatorieae) apresenta aproximadamente 450 espécies, muitas delas especialmente importantes por seu uso em medicina tradicional. Para a análise quimiotaxonômica, um banco de dados acerca da composição micromolecular de Mikania foi criado. Foram elaboradas análises de agrupamento e de componentes principais, bem como o cálculo de parâmetros evolutivos usados em quimiotaxonomia. O perfil químico e a análise estatística multivariada demonstraram que diterpenóides, lactonas sesquiterpenoídicas e cumarinas são os marcadores químicos mais importantes para este gênero. A presença de dicotomia entre a produção de lactonas sesquiterpenoídicas e diterpenóides não foi estritamente confirmada para o gênero, embora esteja claro que a produção de um interfere negativamente na do outro. As relações SH/(AC+IPP) e FV/FL foram compatíveis com o posicionamento de Mikania na família Asteraceae. As análises de componentes principais (PCA) e de agrupamento forneceram informações que correlacionam caracteres morfológicos e geográficos com dados químicos. As espécies distribuídas predominantemente no Brasil são consideradas muito mais ricas em diterpenos do tipo kaurano, assim como tendem a apresentar inflorescências tirsóides. Por outro lado, espécies não-brasileiras tendem a acumular lactonas sesquiterpenoídicas e apresentar preferencialmente inflorescências do tipo corimbosa. / The genus Mikania (Asteraceae, tribe Eupatorieae) encompasses around 450 species, many of which especially important due to their use in folk medicine. A database of the micromolecular composition of Mikania was generated for a chemotaxonomic analysis. Clustering and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were performed, as well the calculation of evolutive parameters used in chemotaxonomy. The chemical profile and the statistical multivariate analysis demonstrated that diterpenes, sesquiterpene lactones and coumarins are the most important chemical markers in this genus. The presence of dicotomy between the production of sesquiterpene lactones and diterpenes was not strictly confirmed for the genus, although it is clear that the production of one interferes negatively with the other. The SH/(AC+IPP) and FV/FL ratios are compatible with the positioning of Mikania in the Asteraceae family. The PCA and clustering analysis provided information correlating morphological characters and geographical patterns with chemical data. The species distributed predominantly in Brazil are considered very rich in kaurane diterpenes quite prone to present thyrsoid inflorescences. In contrast, non-Brazilian species trend to accumulate mostly sesquiterpene lactones, preferentially presenting the corymbose inflorescence type.

As the engineering profession moves from prescriptive or “deemed-to-satisfy” approaches towards design methodologies based on quantification of performance, sophisticated modelling tools are increasingly needed, especially when complex combinations of demand and capacity are encountered. Recourse is invariably made to advanced computational tools to provide high fidelity solutions to large and complex problems, such as the response of structural systems or components to thermomechanical actions. Software packages based on the finite element method are most commonly used for such analyses. There are some essential prerequisites to effective use of advanced computational software for complex nonlinear problems, which are often ignored, particularly in professional practice. These include a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanics of the problem under consideration; a good appreciation of the approximation methods for modelling the problem properly (e.g. the choice between elements, continuum or structural, low or high order interpolation, degree of mesh refinement necessary and so on); and perhaps most importantly ensuring that the software is reliable and is able to reproduce established fundamental solutions to an acceptable degree of accuracy. This thesis attempts to address most of these issues but focusses primarily on the last mentioned prerequisite and provides a range of novel and unprecedented fundamental solutions for beams, plates, and shallow shells subject to moderate or extreme thermomechanical loads such as those resulting from a fire. Geometric and material nonlinearities are included in the proposed formulations along with the most common idealised boundary conditions. Thermally induced deformations generate large displacements and require the solutions to account for geometric nonlinearity, while material nonlinearity arises from the degradation of the material at elevated temperatures. In the context of structural performance under extreme thermal action (such as fire), a finite element procedure is employed to analytically characterise generic temperature distributions through the thickness of a structural component arising from different types of fire exposure conditions including: a “short hot” fire leading to a high compartment temperature over a relatively short duration; and a “long cool” fire with lower compartment temperatures, but over a longer duration. Results have shown that despite the larger area under the long cool fire time-temperature curve, which traditionally represented the fire severity, the effect of the short hot fire on the nonlinear responses of beams, plates, and shallow shells is more pronounced. Also, the effect of temperature-dependent material properties is found to be more pronounced during the short hot fire rather than the long cool fire. Comparison studies have confirmed that while the current numerical and theoretical approaches for analysing of thin plates and shells are often computationally intensive, the proposed approach offers an adequate level of accuracy with a rapid convergence rate for such structures. The solutions developed can be used to: verify software used for modelling structural response to thermomechanical actions; help students and professionals appreciate the fundamental mechanics better; provide relatively quick solutions for component level analyses; and visualise internal load paths and stress trajectories in complex structural components such as composite shells that can help engineers develop deeper insights into the relevant mechanics. The formulations developed are versatile and can be used for other applications such as laminated composite or orthotropic shallow shells. A very significant by-product of developing such fundamental solutions is their potential use in the development of highly accurate hybrid elements for very efficient modelling of large problems. While this has not been fully developed and implemented in the current work, the requisite theoretical framework has been developed and reported in one of the appendices, which can be used to develop such elements and implement on an appropriate software platform.

Submitted by Marcia Barana (m_barana@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-16T16:00:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado - Marcia Barana.pdf: 2952356 bytes, checksum: 44135a5ad343275ba05a9b59a152d41a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-05-16T20:03:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 barana_m_me_bauru.pdf: 2873535 bytes, checksum: 6b0b7ecbf65d3b7700e5a71721882f19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T20:03:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 barana_m_me_bauru.pdf: 2873535 bytes, checksum: 6b0b7ecbf65d3b7700e5a71721882f19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta Dissertação de Mestrado demonstra, em sua análise inicial, um balizamento de conceitos de Design de Superfícies (DS) estabelecidos no Brasil por sua expressividade na atividade acadêmica e atuação no Mercado, considerando-se principalmente as publicações a partir dos anos 2000. Tal delimitação se dá por proximidade local e interesse da autora. Identificou-se, em primeira análise, complementação conceitual acerca do tema envolvendo a principais referências no Brasil, como Rubim (2005) e Rüthschilling (2008), Barachini (2002) e Schwartz (2008). Esta última explicitando o quanto as superfícies e o Design de Superfícies podem ser explorados tridimensionalmente e reforçam o âmbito projetual, fornecendo ainda os conceitos de Superfície-objeto e Superfície-envoltório, acrescidos de sua caracterização de acordo com as abordagens: Representacional, Constitucional e Relacional, estabelecidas por Schwartz (2008). Com os conceitos propostos pelas referências, foi possível apontar, como resultado parcial, a complementação do conceito tomado como inicial sobre o do Design de Superfícies, trazendo notoriedade e observação da superfície como componente de um objeto, seja ela aparente ou não. Fazendo uma analogia com área médica, trata-se não só a função “pele” por vezes associado à superfície, mas a possibilidade de funcionar como “epiderme”, camadas internas, que podem ter funções diversas como estruturante, filtrante, isolante, por exemplo, podendo oferecer uma experiência mais que estética, sobretudo funcional, mesmo que ainda oculta no resultado final do produto. O termo componente é tratado como parte que comporá um produto final. Assim, o escopo estabelecido tem o intuito de acrescentar um olhar sobretudo de aspecto técnico-funcional que os produtos do Design de Superfícies, seja de origem bidimensional ou tridimensional, possam acrescentar aos campos tradicionalmente conhecidos, como o design têxtil e de revestimentos. Enfatiza-se sua interação e participação no Design de Produto e o Design de Materiais, considerando que o resultado de um projeto de Design de Superfície, nem sempre será apresentado na superfície em sua configuração final. Para esta realização, a pesquisa se deu por meio de entrevistas abrangendo instituições de Ensino e do mercado potencial de uso do Design de Superfícies. Devido ao significado da palavra superfície restringir-se à superfície, o trabalho resultou com a proposição de uma abordagem complementar do Design de Superfícies, a partir da caracterização de Schwartz (2008), complementando-a como Design de Superfícies como componente, superfície-componente. / ABSTRACT This Master's Dissertation demonstrates in its initial analysis a beaconing of Surface Design (DS) concepts, established in Brazil, for its expressivity in academic activity and performance in the Market, mainly considering publications from the 2000s. Su ch delimitation is due to local proximity and author’s interest. A conceptual complementation on the theme involving the main references in Brazil, such as Rubim (2005) and Rüthschilling (2008), Barachini (2002) and Schwartz (2008) were identified in the f irst analysis. The latter explains how surfaces and Surface Design can be explored three - dimensionally and emphasize the project scope, providing the concepts of Surface - object and Surface - wrapping, plus their characterization according to the approaches: Representational, Constitutional and Relational, established by Schwartz (2008). Considering concepts proposed by the references, it was possible to point out, as a partial result, the complementation of the concept taken as initial on the one of the Desig n of Surfaces, bringing notoriety and observation of the surface as component of an object, be it apparent or not. Analogous to the medical field, it is not only the function "skin" sometimes associated with the surface, but the possibility of functioning as an "epidermis", internal layers, which can have diverse functions as structuring, filtering, insulating, for example, and can offer a more than aesthetic experience, especially functional, even if still hidden in the final product result. The term compo nent is treated as part that will make up an end product. Thus, the purpose of the scope is to add a technical - functional look that Surface Design products, whether of two - dimensional or three - dimensional origin, can add to the traditionally known fields, such as textile design, of coatings. It emphasizes their interaction and participation in Product Design and Materials Design, considering that the result of a Surface Design project will not always be presented on the surface in its final configuration. F or this realization, the research was conducted through interviews involving teaching institutions and the potential market for the use of Surface Design. Due to the meaning of the word surface, it is restricted to the surface, the work resulted in the pro position of a complementary approach to Surface Design, based on the characterization of Schwartz (2008), complementing it as Surface Design as component, surface - component / 330045056082PO