Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:31:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jesus_jpf_me_botfca.pdf: 3440463 bytes, checksum: 00f6075a78b0f618ecce7156da2019da (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A produção de composto de qualidade para Agaricus bisporus e a pesquisa por linhagens produtivas são alguns dos principais fatores relacionados à produtividades elevadas. Desta forma, foram realizados dois experimentos: 1. a campo, avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação nitrogenada na formulação de dois tipos de compostos, clássico e sintético, para o cultivo de cinco linhagens de A. bisporus: ABI-05/03, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05, ABI-09/10 e ABI-09/11; 2. avaliou-se a influência de cinco linhagens de A. bisporus no desenvolvimento micelial em dois meios de cultura sólidos (CA, composto ágar; e BDA, batata dextrose ágar). No experimento 1, constatou-se durante o processo de compostagem, pasteurização e condicionamento o composto clássico obteve temperatura média e perda de massa 10,56 e 13,29% superiores ao composto sintético, respectivamente. O composto clássico obteve as maiores eficiências biológicas ao final de 25 dias de produção, pelas linhagens ABI-05/03, ABI-06/05 e ABI-04/02 com valores de 83,95, 79,45 e 77,49%, respectivamente. Além da eficiência biológica, houve uma tendencia de maior produtividade, número e massa de fresca de basidiomas quando as linhagens foram cultivadas em composto clássico. No experimento II as maiores velocidades de desenvolvimento micelial das linhagens de A. bisporus foram observadas nos meios de cultura CA. Concluiu-se que não houve ligação entre os resultados observados nos experimentos I e II em relação ao potencial genético das... / The production of quality compost for Agaricus bisporus and the research for high productivity strains are some important factors involving high yields. Were carried out two expiriments: 1. at field, the effect of the type of nitrogen supplementation was evaluated, elaborating two types of compost, classic and synthetic, cultivating five strains of A. bisporus ABI-05/03, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05, ABI-09/10 e ABI-09/11; 2. was evaluated the influence of five A. bisporus strains on the rate of micelial growth in different type of culture media (MC, compost media; BDA, potato-dextrose-agar). In the first experiment, the data showed that during the composting process, pasteurization and conditioning, the averages temperatures and weight loss 10,56 and 13,29% higher in the classic compost than the synthetic compost . The classic compost had the higher biological efficiency in the end of the crop (25 days), for the strains ABI-05/03, ABI-06/05 e ABI-04/02 with values of 83,95, 79,45 e 77,49, respectively. Moreover, there was a tendency for higher yields, number and fresh weight of mushrooms when the strains were cultivated in the classic compost. In the second experiment the highest micelial growth rate by the A. bisporus strains were observed in the compost agar media. It was observed that were no relation between the data in experiments I and II, by the genetic potential of the strains

Orientador: Jorge de Lucas Junior / Banca: Roberto Alves de Oliveira / Banca: Tânia Mara Baptista dos Santos / Resumo: Avaliar o processo de biodigestão anaeróbia utilizando dejetos de suínos, com separação da fração sólida (CSFS) e sem separação da fração sólida (SSFS), considerando-se diferentes tempos de retenção hidráulica (TRH) e promover a compostagem da fração sólida retida na peneira foram os objetivos deste projeto. O ensaio de biodigestão anaeróbia foi desenvolvido em duas fases: A primeira fase consistiu no abastecimento de biodigestores tubulares semi-contínuos SSFS e CSFS manejados com TRH de 36, 29, 22 e 15 dias. Nesta fase, o material retido na separação da fração sólida foi submetido ao processo de compostagem. Na segunda fase do ensaio de biodigestão anaeróbia foi utilizado como substrato o efluente gerado na primeira fase, com o intuito de avaliar o potencial remanescente de produção de biogás. Durante a compostagem da fração sólida da água residuária de suinocultura, foram avaliada a temperatura, redução de sólidos totais (ST), sólidos voláteis (SV) número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes totais (CT) e fecais (CF) e volume, além da qualidade do composto. Os biodigestores CSFS e com maior TRH apresentaram os maiores potenciais de produção de biogás e metano e consequentemente foram os que tiveram os menores potenciais de produção de gás remanescente. Foram encontrados potenciais de produção de 0,664 e 0,890 m3 metano/kg de SV para SSFS e CSFS respectivamente, com TRH de 15 dias, o que demonstrou uma eficiência de 34% na conversão de matéria orgânica em metano. Entretanto ao avaliar o remanescente as posições se inverteram sendo encontrado potenciais de 0,385 e 0,117 m3 metano/kg de SV respectivamente, para SSFS e CSFS no TRH de 15 dias. A compostagem da fração sólida se mostrou um bom substrato para o processo apresentando uma redução 71 % de ST e 100% para CT e CF. / Abstract: Evaluate the anaerobic digestion process using swine manure, with and without solid fraction separation (WSFS and WOSFS, respectively), considered different times of hydraulic retention and promoted the solid fraction retained in the sieve composting were objectives this work. The anaerobic digestion experiment was developed in two phases: The first phase consisted of the provisioning semicontinuous biodigestors with swine wastewater, WSFS and WOSFS maintained with 36, 29, 22 and 15 days of hydraulic retention. In this phase, the material retained in the separation of the solid fraction was submitted to composting process. In the second phase of anaerobic digestion was used as substratum the effluent produced in the first phase, aimed evaluate the remainder biogas potential production. During the composting of the solid fraction of swine wastewater, the temperature, reduction of total solids (TS), most probable number (MPN) of total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC), volume and compost quality was evaluated. The larger biogas and methane potential production was presented by biodigestors WSFS, in larger HTR, and consequently presented the smallest remaining biogas potentials of production. Was verified methane potential production of 0.664 and 0.890 m³ methane/kg of volatile solids (VS), for WSFS and WOSFS respectively, with 15 days of HTR, demonstrated 34% efficiency in the conversion of organic matter to methane. However when evaluating the remainder methane potential production was observed 0.385 and 0.117 m³ methane/kg of VS for WSFS and WOSFS, with 15 days of HTR. The composting of solid fraction demonstrated is a good substratum for the process presenting a reduction 71% of TS and 100% for TC and FC. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 orricojunior_map_me_jabo.pdf: 281221 bytes, checksum: 2c325b10cba0fe68b61c6d0c2fa24e33 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Avaliar o processo de biodigestão anaeróbia utilizando dejetos de suínos, com separação da fração sólida (CSFS) e sem separação da fração sólida (SSFS), considerando-se diferentes tempos de retenção hidráulica (TRH) e promover a compostagem da fração sólida retida na peneira foram os objetivos deste projeto. O ensaio de biodigestão anaeróbia foi desenvolvido em duas fases: A primeira fase consistiu no abastecimento de biodigestores tubulares semi-contínuos SSFS e CSFS manejados com TRH de 36, 29, 22 e 15 dias. Nesta fase, o material retido na separação da fração sólida foi submetido ao processo de compostagem. Na segunda fase do ensaio de biodigestão anaeróbia foi utilizado como substrato o efluente gerado na primeira fase, com o intuito de avaliar o potencial remanescente de produção de biogás. Durante a compostagem da fração sólida da água residuária de suinocultura, foram avaliada a temperatura, redução de sólidos totais (ST), sólidos voláteis (SV) número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes totais (CT) e fecais (CF) e volume, além da qualidade do composto. Os biodigestores CSFS e com maior TRH apresentaram os maiores potenciais de produção de biogás e metano e consequentemente foram os que tiveram os menores potenciais de produção de gás remanescente. Foram encontrados potenciais de produção de 0,664 e 0,890 m3 metano/kg de SV para SSFS e CSFS respectivamente, com TRH de 15 dias, o que demonstrou uma eficiência de 34% na conversão de matéria orgânica em metano. Entretanto ao avaliar o remanescente as posições se inverteram sendo encontrado potenciais de 0,385 e 0,117 m3 metano/kg de SV respectivamente, para SSFS e CSFS no TRH de 15 dias. A compostagem da fração sólida se mostrou um bom substrato para o processo apresentando uma redução 71 % de ST e 100% para CT e CF. / Evaluate the anaerobic digestion process using swine manure, with and without solid fraction separation (WSFS and WOSFS, respectively), considered different times of hydraulic retention and promoted the solid fraction retained in the sieve composting were objectives this work. The anaerobic digestion experiment was developed in two phases: The first phase consisted of the provisioning semicontinuous biodigestors with swine wastewater, WSFS and WOSFS maintained with 36, 29, 22 and 15 days of hydraulic retention. In this phase, the material retained in the separation of the solid fraction was submitted to composting process. In the second phase of anaerobic digestion was used as substratum the effluent produced in the first phase, aimed evaluate the remainder biogas potential production. During the composting of the solid fraction of swine wastewater, the temperature, reduction of total solids (TS), most probable number (MPN) of total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC), volume and compost quality was evaluated. The larger biogas and methane potential production was presented by biodigestors WSFS, in larger HTR, and consequently presented the smallest remaining biogas potentials of production. Was verified methane potential production of 0.664 and 0.890 m³ methane/kg of volatile solids (VS), for WSFS and WOSFS respectively, with 15 days of HTR, demonstrated 34% efficiency in the conversion of organic matter to methane. However when evaluating the remainder methane potential production was observed 0.385 and 0.117 m³ methane/kg of VS for WSFS and WOSFS, with 15 days of HTR. The composting of solid fraction demonstrated is a good substratum for the process presenting a reduction 71% of TS and 100% for TC and FC.

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención: Fruticultura

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero en Recursos Naturales Renovables

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de: Ingeniero en Recursos Naturales Renovables

Memoria para optar al título Profesional de ingeniero Agrónomo Mención Economía Agraria / El presente estudio consiste en un análisis técnico-económico de un negocio basado en la elaboración de sustratos para la propagación de especies frutales, utilizando las formulaciones generadas en el proyecto FONDEF D03I1063, denominado Elaboración de sustratos especializados para uso agrícola, a partir de residuos orgánicos bioprocesados. El primer objetivo del estudio fue estimar la demanda de árboles frutales al año 2014, de las siguientes especies: almendro, palto, arándano, cerezo, kiwi, limonero, olivo, duraznero fresco e industrial, vid de mesa y nogal. A partir de ésta, se obtuvo la demanda potencial de sustratos para cada una de dichas especies, la que resulto en un total 45.400 m³/año. Se analizaron los costos directos e indirectos en que incurren los viveros frutales actualmente en la elaboración de sus propios sustratos, con el fin de obtener un valor promedio por m3 de sustrato producido. Además se calcularon los costos directos de los sustratos creados por el proyecto FONDEF D03I1063, a los cuales se agregó un valor estimado para su producción industrial. Como resultado de la comparación de costos y beneficios entre los sustratos utilizados actualmente y aquellos elaborados por el proyecto FONDEF D03I1063 fue posible inferir que, a pesar de que estos últimos representan mayores costos que los actualmente utilizados por los viveristas, los beneficios derivados de su uso deberían incidir en una mayor rentabilidad a nivel de vivero. Finalmente se realizo una evaluación de la factibilidad económica de implementar una planta elaboradora de sustratos específica para frutales. El análisis de rentabilidad de una planta de sustratos, basado en un flujo de caja para un período de diez años, resultó en una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 15% y un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de $45.735.000, con Tasa de Descuento (TDD) de 12% y 10 %. Como complemento del análisis de rentabilidad, se realizó un análisis FODA del escalamiento productivo de los sustratos desarrollados por el Proyecto FONDEF D03I1063. / The present study is an economic analysis of a business based on manufacture of substrates for the propagation of tree fruit plants, using the substrate formulations obtained by the project FONDEF D03I1063 Elaboration of specialized agricultural substrates by using bioprocessed organic waste material. The study´s first objective was to estimate the demand of fruit trees by 2014, of the following species: almonds, avocados, blueberries, cherries, kiwifruits, lemons, olives, peaches (fresh and canning), table grapes, walnuts. From this estimation, the potential demand for substrates for their propagation was estimated in 45,400 m³/year. Direct and indirect costs presently incurred by the nurseries in manufacturing their own substrates, were analized. Besides, direct costs in manufacturing the substrates elaborated by the project FONDEF D03I1063, considering the cost of the raw materials plus an estimated value for industrial production. As a result of the cost-benefit comparison between substrate currently used by nurseries and those elaborated by the project FONDEF D03I1063, it was concluded that, despite the fact that the latter represent higher costs, the benefits of their use, should result in a higher profitability at nursery level. Finally, a feasibility analysis was made of a manufacturing plant of substrates for propagating tree fruit plants. A cash flow was done for a 10-year term. The resulting Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was 15%. NPV was calculated in $ 45,735,000, for a discount rate of 12%. Cost and sensitiveness analysis were done. Sensitiveness analysis considered the most relevant factors of the variability of the cash flow. As a complement of the cash flow, a SOOT analysis was done on the productive scaling-up of the substrates manufactured by the project FONDEF D03I1063.

Bioretention cells are a stormwater treatment technology that uses soil and vegetation to remove pollutants from runoff and improve downstream water quality. While bioretention has been shown to be effective at removing certain stormwater pollutants such as sediment and heavy metals, removal of nutrients has been more variable. Design components of bioretention such as vegetation and soil media amendments can influence pollutant removal performance. In my experiment, I isolate the effects of low-phosphorus compost and a Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) monoculture on bioretention performance. In fall 2016, three bioretention cells were installed at the University of Vermont Miller Research Complex, a mixed-use research and agricultural production facility located in South Burlington, VT. Each bioretention had a unique experimental treatment that allowed for the comparison of the presence of the following design components: (1) compost with planted vegetation, (2) no compost and vegetation, and (3) no compost or vegetation. Results suggest that the presence of a low-P compost layer had a small deleterious effect on nutrient removal performance, as the bioretention cell with an added compost layer exported higher concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen and exhibited a higher concentration of water extractable phosphorus in the bioretention media. The bioretention cell with vegetation and no compost was the only treatment to significantly reduce total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations; however, there was no effect on media phosphorus concentration. The presence of low-P compost significantly increased the above-ground biomass growth of Switchgrass, but had no effect on the total number of plants surviving in the first year. Switchgrass proved to be a durable plant, capable of surviving in bioretention media without compost, but was slow to grow and required additional watering through droughty conditions.

Overuse of the chemical compounds and toxic elements leads to problems and transmission of contaminants and pollutants to humans and other living organisms. One of the industries’ byproducts of the agriculture sector is production of various composts from the organic raw materials that the best type of which is so – called Vermicompost. In this study, effects of raw materials on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Vermicompost are discussed. To do so, sheep manure, pomegranate peels, spent mushroom compost either singly or double, triple or fourfold chopped corn, sugar beet pulp and sawdust were used. This research project was conducted in a completely randomized design experiment with 23 treatments with 3 replications. Results revealed that various bed combinations exert different effects on Vermicompost quality such that, the Vermicomposting process led to a significant decrease in electrical conductivity (EC) and a significant increase in pH in most of the culture (seed) beds. Also, the levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium in most treatments increased following completion of the vermicomposting process. As a result, this process can be introduced as an organic fertilizer with complete nutrients for improving chemical characteristics of agricultural wastes to usable fertilizers.